专题17-自然环境与自然遗产保护-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇&阅读一遍过.docx

话题十七 自然环境与自然遗产保护
第一部分 话题词汇积累
单词&短语
1.ecology n._______________
2.extinction n._______________
3.swing n._______________ v._______________; 过去式_______________;过去分词_______________
4.habitat n._______________
5.plastic n._______________
6.maintain v._______________
7.strategic adj.____________
8.striped adj._______________
9.pollution n._______________
10.stir v._______________
11.renewable adj._______________
12.recycle n.&v._______________
13.suspension n._______________
14.raw adj._______________
15.sword n._______________
16.sympathetic adj._______________
17.proposal n.
18.tablet n._______________
19. sustainable adj._______________
20. suspicious adj._______________
21.rare adj._______________
22.steward n._______________
23.subtle adj._______________
24.stubborn adj._______________
25.supreme adj._______________
26. storage n.____________
27.oil n._______________
28.stem n._______________
29.suite i_______________
30.straw_______________
31._______________n.靶子；目标；对象
32._______________v.饿死；挨饿
_______________n.饿死；绝食
33._______________adv.稳定地；持续地；稳固地
34._______________adj.陡峭的；险峻的；突然的；过分的
35._______________--_______________v.偷窃
36._______________--_______________--_______________v.刺入；粘
37._______________--_______________--_______________v.加强；巩固
38._______________--_______________--_______________v.打；敲响；想到
39._______________adj.主观的；个人的；主语的
40._______________v.提交；呈递；(使)屈服；顺从；投降
41._______________v订阅；定期捐款；认购(股份);申请
42._______________adj.晒黑的；晒伤的
43._______________adj.优越的；较多的；较高的；高傲的
44._______________n.生存；存活；幸存；幸存物；残存物
45._______________v.吞下；抑制n.燕子；一次吞咽的量
46._______________n./v.交换；交流
47._______________n.地位；身份；职位；情形，状态
48.摆放餐具______________________________
49.熬夜________________________
50.走路小心______________________________
51.怀疑(某人)有罪______________________________
52.强调重要性______________________________
53.出国深造______________________________
54.使……吃惊；突袭______________________________
55.relief supplies_______________
56.take in_______________
57.take off_______________
58.take on_______________
59.take over_______________
60.take up_______________
词汇拓展
1.submit v,提交，呈递(文件、建议等);顺从；屈服；投降；不得已接受；表示；认为；主张；建议
【搭配】submit an application/a claim/a complaint
呈递申请书/书面要求；提交控诉书
I had asked everyone to_______________questions in advance of the meeting.
我已请每个人在会议之前提交问题
Don't suffer from the troubles in front of you.You should_______________to circumstances.
眼前亏就别吃了，要识时务啊。
I had a cold and sore throat and couldn't_______________my assignment.
我感冒了，嗓子疼，我不能交作业了。
【辨析】 hand,present,submit区别
hand指将某物亲手交给他人。
present指将某物呈递给某人、某一机构等，通常用于正式场合。
submit指把计划等呈交给上级或权威人士审批或审查。
He handed his composition to the teacher.他把作文交给了老师。
Some 40 papers were presented to the committee.大约40篇论文提交给了委员会。
The draft was submitted to the president.草案已经呈递给总统。
2.take over接收，接管(公司);(武力)占领，接管，控制；接替；接任；接手；取代
There are now more than 20 big companies waiting in the wings to__________some of its business.
现有20多家大公司随时准备接手其部分业务。
I told him to let Tom _____________the job,but he refused to hand it over.
我告诉他交给汤姆去办，可他就是不放手。
【联想】 take off起飞；拿走；脱掉
take care小心；当心；注意
take on呈现；承担(责任);具有；接纳
take up占去；开始从事；占据；拿起
take place发生
take action行动
take in欺骗(某人);吸收；理解
take away带走
take a chance冒险
take account of考虑到，顾及，体谅
take advantage of利用，占……的便宜
take after(在外貌等方面)与(父、母等)相像
take part in参加
take charge of负责；主管
take into account把……考虑进去
take into consideration考虑到，顾及
take it easy不慌不忙，别紧张，放松
活学活用
一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I've been driving for two hours; would you take_____________for a while?
2.With the changes in the world's climate, dinosaurs died, but many smaller animals lived on.It was the_____________(survive)of the fittest.
3.She took two quick steps forward and_____________(strike)him across the mouth.
4. Any experience can teach and_________strength)you, but particularly the more difficult ones.
5.In the middle to high latitudes rainfall has risen_____________(steady)over the last 20-30 years.
二、翻译句子
1.在过去的十年里，我可爱的家乡发生了很大的变化，呈现出崭新的面貌。(take on)
______________________________________________________________________
2.申请表应尽早提交。(submit)
______________________________________________________________________
3.有这么多作业要做，今天晚上我得熬夜了。(stay up)
______________________________________________________________________
4.这里我要强调数学对整个科学的重要性。(stress)
______________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.生态学；生态 2.灭绝；消灭 3.n.秋千v.摆动；转动；swung—swung 4.栖息地 5.塑胶；塑料 6.维持；维修；
保养7.战略的；战略上的 8.有条纹的 9.污染 10.搅动；搅拌 11.可更新的；可再生的 12.循环；再利用 13.悬浮；暂停；中止 14.未加工的；生的 15.刀；剑 16.同情的；表示同情的 17.求婚；建议；提议 18.药片；碑；匾；
平板电脑 19.可持续的；不破坏环境的 20.怀疑的；可疑的 21.罕见的；稀有的 22.乘务员 23.难以察觉的；微妙的；精巧的 24.倔强的；顽强的；难对付的；棘手的25.(地位、权利等)最高的；(品质、程度等)最大的；至上的

26.贮藏；存储 27.油；石油 28.(植物的)茎；梗 29.(一套)家具；套房；物件30.稻草；麦秸 31.target 32.v. starve
n.starvation 33. steadily 34. steep35. steal—stole-stolen36. stick—stuck—stuck37. strengthen—strengthened—strengthened 38. strike—struck—struck/stricken 39. subjective 40.submit 41.subscribe 42.sun-burnt 43. superior 44. survival 45. swallow 46. swap47.status48.lay/set the table 49.stay up/sit up 50.mind/watch your step 51. suspect sb. of(doing)sth. 52.stress the importance of 53.go abroad for further study 54.take... by surprise 55.救援物资 56.吸入；理解；欺骗 57.脱下；起飞；离开；休假；成功；开始走红 58.呈现；雇佣；承担(责任)59.接收，接管 60.开始(从事);占用
词汇拓展
1submit;submit;submit
2.take over;take over
活学活用
一、1.over 2.survival 3.struck 4.strengthen 5.steadily
二、1.In the past ten years,great changes have taken place in my lovely hometown,making it take on a new look.
2. Applications should be submitted as early as possible.
3.With so much homework to do,I will have to stay up late tonight.
4.Here I would stress the importance of mathematics to the whole of science.

第二部分 话题阅读训练
（A）阅读理解
Devon is famous for its beautiful beaches and countryside, as well as being home to a whole host of dog-friendly walks, accommodation and pubs to have a refreshing drink!
Beer to Branscombe Coastal Walk
Enjoy the popular 4.5-nile circular (环形的) walk from Beer to Branscombe where you will find some of the most amazing coastal walks in the UK. Beer is located on the UNESCO World Heritage Jurassic Coast, so you and your dog could even go hunting for bones along the way!
Before you head back, stop off in Branscombe at a beautiful 14th Century pub, The Masons Arms. This ideal rest stop is just a short walk away from Branscombe beach, which allows dogs all year round.
Seaton to Beer Cliff Walk
Beginning in the coastal town of Seaton, this 3-mile circular walk takes you along the Jurassic Coast to Beer, a beautiful fishing village.
You can enjoy a refreshing halftime beer at the dog-friendly pub, The Dolphin. After enjoying the village of beer, it’s time to head back to Seaton where you will find The Malt House to welcome you and your dog for a well-deserved drink.
Salcombe to Snapes Point
If you’re looking for impressive views and a dramatic coastline, the 4.5-mile circular walk from Sal-combe to Snapes Point is perfect.
You and your dog can finish your day at The Victoria Inn. This pub is known for its real wood fires, which create a welcoming atmosphere for the cooler months. It also has a wonderful beer garden to catch the summer sun, making it perfect all year round.
1．Where can you explore a world heritage site?
A．Beer. B．Branscombe.
C．Seaton. D．Salcombe.
2．What is The Victoria Inn famous for?
A．Its cool environment. B．Its wood fires.
C．Its wonderful service. D．Its beer garden.
3．Who are most likely to be attracted by these walks?
A．Environmentalists. B．Sports lovers.
C．Hunters. D．Dog owners.
【答案】1．A2．B3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Devon的一些值得旅游的地方以及一些值得参观沿途风景的步行街。
1．细节理解题。通过文章“Beer to Branscombe Coastal Walk (从Beer到Branscombe的沿海路径)”部分中的“Beer is located on the UNESCO World Heritage Jurassic Coast (Beer位于联合国教科文组织世界遗产侏罗纪海岸)”可知，游客可以在Beer探索世界遗产。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。通过文章“Salcombe to Snapes Point (从Salcombe到Snapes Point)”部分中的“This pub is known for its real wood fires (这家酒馆以使用真正的木柴燃烧而闻名)”可知，维多利亚酒馆以它使用木柴燃烧而闻名。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。通过文章首段“Devon is famous for its beautiful beaches and countryside, as well as being home to a whole host of dog-friendly walks (Devon以其美丽的海滩和乡村而闻名，同时这里也有很多适合狗狗散步的地方)”可知，Devon有很多适合狗狗散步的地方，从而推知，Devon最有可能吸引狗主人带狗狗去散步。故选D项。

（B）语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Xi'an,or Chang'an as it was called for many centuries,has been a built-up urban area for over 3,000 years,and once 36．（serve）as capital for 13 dynasties.It is home 37． many immovable cultural heritages,three of 38． are on the UNESCO 's world cultural heritage list.
These days,the city has made 39．（effect）exploration in building modernity while preserving historical legacy（遗产）.A recent piece of news 40．（announce）by Shaanxi's cultural relic authority caused nationwide attention,that a ruin of ancient capital dating back to Qin Dynasty was unearthed during the construction of the Xi 'an MetroLine5.In order to protect the ruin,the metro line may have to change 41．（it）route.
42． （face）the heavy and important task of protecting cultural relics while promoting urban construction,Xi’an made active43．（attempt）.Rails of the metro system are built 15 to 20 meters underground in order to protect the ancient tombs which are 44． （usual）buried in the layer within5meters from the surface level.Besides,the metro constructors have also painted the walls inside the stations with historical stories,presenting 45． visual feast for citizens.
【答案】36．served37．to38．which39．effective40．announced41．its42．Facing43．attempts
44．usually45．a
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了西安这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑代化进行了有效的探索。
36．考查时态。句意：西安，又称长安，已有3000多年的历史，曾是13个朝代的都城。根据“once”可知，and之后的句子为一般过去时。故填served。
37．考查介词。句意：这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产，其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。be home to“某地是……的所在地”故填to。
38．考查定语从句。句意：这里有许多不可移动的文化遗产，其中三处已被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。immovable cultural heritages为先行词，做非限制性定语从句的of的宾语，关系代词为which。故填which。
39．考查形容词。句意：如今，这座城市在保留历史遗产的同时，对建筑现代化进行了有效的探索。形容词effective修饰名词exploration。故填effective。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：陕西省文物局最近公布的一则消息引起了全国的关注，在西安地铁5号线的建设过程中，发现了一处可以追溯到秦朝的古都遗址。本句填非谓语动词，.A recent piece of news与announce在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填announced。
41．考查代词。句意：为了保护遗址，地铁线路可能不得不改变路线。形容词性物主代词修饰名词route。故填its。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任，西安作出了积极的尝试。分析句子可知，本句填非谓语动词，Xi’an与face在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Facing。
43．考查名词。句意：面对保护文物和推进城市建设的重任，西安作出了积极的尝试。attempt为可数名词，无不定冠词修饰和限定，应用复数。故填attempts。
44．考查副词。句意：为了保护通常埋在地下5米以内的古墓，地铁系统的轨道铺在地下15 - 20米的地方。副词usually修饰动词buried。故填usually。
45．考查冠词。句意：此外，地铁施工人员还在车站内的墙壁上绘制了历史故事，为市民提供了一场视觉盛宴。feast为可数名词，本句泛指“一场视觉盛宴” ， visual首字母的发音为辅音音素。冠词为a。故填a。

（C）完形填空
I love studying history, traveling to new places and seeing the beautiful sights, immersing(使浸没) myself into the local 21 .
I was looking forward to a(n) 22 adventure in Suzhou before setting off. A long history 23 the city's current success, a history I most eagerly 24 through visual fragments(碎片) and its surviving culture.
Suzhou is known for its beauty. White 25 walls rise up from the edge of the waterway, topped by black roofs. Deep green water flows between two rows of buildings, 26 a block of colors to a scene that was 27 only decorated with red lanterns. A stone bridge stretches across the water, 28 a view of Suzhou’s traditional features. Of course, the modern day city has changed 29 from what it was in the past. Tall buildings and a large urban area prove Suzhou's modernization.
In Hanshan Temple, trees 30 over the courtyards, offering ample shade and a connection to nature for the temples visitors. Rounded doorways 31 courtyards lined by covered walkways. Feng Bridge and Qian-deng in Kunshan are two 32 examples of traditional areas that have been 33 . These areas allow me to step out of the modern forest of skyscrapers and into an old realm(领域) of natural and 34 beauty where I can discover the roots of my heritage.
As we explored and absorbed the history of Suzhou I have learned not simply the qualities of a single city, but also the importance of returning to my homeland and finding my roots, even as I stretch my 35 to the rest of the globe.
21．A．river B．history C．sights D．culture
22．A．thrilling B．farther C．encouraging D．essential
23．A．engages B．backs C．pursues D．labels
24．A．experience B．experiment C．extend D．exclude
25．A．cleared B．cleaned C．washed D．scratched
26．A．sticking B．applying C．adjusting D．adding
27．A．yet B．still C．otherwise D．instead
28．A．recording B．completing C．ending D．hiding
29．A．highly B．wonderfully C．strongly D．considerably
30．A．kneel B．hand C．tower D．tip
31．A．separate B．contact C．sustain D．distribute
32．A．another B．else C．many D．other
33．A．preserved B．prevented C．promoted D．proposed
34．A．central B．inner C．soul D．classic
35．A．leaves B．branches C．sticks D．seeds
【答案】21．D22．A23．B24．A25．C26．D27．C28．B29．D30．C31．A32．D33．A34．D
35．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本篇文章主要讲述了作者在苏州的所见所闻以及所感，作者看到了苏州历史和传统上的一些的文化特色，作者不仅了解了一个城市的特质，也学到了回到家乡，到找到自己的根的重要性。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢学习历史，去新的地方旅游，看美丽的风景，让自己沉浸在当地的文化中。A. river河流；B. history历史；C. sights风景；D. culture文化。呼应后文“its surviving culture”作者喜欢沉浸在当地文化中。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在出发前，我期待去苏州进行一次令人兴奋的冒险。A. thrilling令人兴奋的；B. farther远的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. essential基本的。根据后文“adventure”可知是一次令人兴奋的冒险，thrilling符合语境。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座城市目前的成功是出于一段悠久历史的支持，我最渴望通过视觉片段和幸存的文化来体验这段历史。A. engages从事；B. backs支持，后退；C. pursues追求；D. labels贴标签。一段悠久的人历史可以对城市现在的成功起到促进支持的作用，选项中只有back作动词有“支持”的意思，故选B。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意这座城市目前的成功是出于一段悠久历史的支持，我最渴望通过视觉片段和幸存的文化来体验这段历史。A. experience体验，经历；B. experiment实验；C. extend扩大；D. exclude排除。根据上文“a history I most eagerly”指作者想通过这样的旅游，视觉上的碎片来体验过去的历史，experience符合语境。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：白色的墙壁从水道的边缘拔地而起，上面是黑色的屋顶。A. cleared清除；B. cleaned清理；C. washed洗，粉刷；D. scratched抓挠。苏州的墙是由白色粉刷过的人，所以是white washed wall。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：深绿色的水在两排建筑之间流动，给原本只有红灯笼装饰的场景增添了一抹色彩。A. sticking伸出；B. applying应用；C. adjusting调整；D. adding增加。结合后文“a block of colors to a scene”可知绿色的水为这个景象增添一块颜色，应用add。故选D。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：深绿色的水在两排建筑之间流动，给原本只有红灯笼装饰的场景增添了一抹色彩。A. yet然而；B. still仍然；C. otherwise原本，否则；D. instead相反。根据后文“only decorated with red lanterns”可知，绿水给这个景象增添了颜色，原本只有红灯笼为装饰，故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一座石桥横跨水面，完整地展现了苏州的传统特色。A. recording记录；B. completing完成，完整；C. ending结束；D. hiding隐藏。结合后文“a view of Suzhou’s traditional features”可知一座石桥使苏州传统特点的景象更加完善、完整了，故选B。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，现代城市已经和过去有了很大的变化。A. highly高度地；B. wonderfully极好地；C. strongly强烈地；D. considerably相当地。结合前后语境“the modern day city has changed … from what it was in the past”现代的苏州城市与它过去相比改变了很多，considerably符合语境。故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在寒山寺，树木高耸于庭院之上，为寺庙游客提供了充足的树荫和与自然的联系。A. kneel跪下；B. hand递给；C. tower高耸；D. tip给小费。根据后文“over the courtyards, offering ample shade and a connection to nature for the temples visitors”可知寒山寺的树比庭院要高出许多，为寺庙游客提供了充足的树荫和与自然的联系。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：圆形的门道将庭院分隔开来，庭院两旁有走道。A. separate分开；B. contact联系；C. sustain维持；D. distribute分配。结合前后文“Rounded doorways … courtyards lined by covered walkways”可知，圆形的门道将庭院分隔开来，庭院两旁有走道，故选A。
32．考查不定代词辨析。句意：昆山的冯桥和千灯是另外两个保存完好的