裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记.doc

ens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

参考译文
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！
【New words and expressions】（11）
1 send [send] v.寄，送
2 postcard ['pəustkɑ:d] n.明信片
3 spoil [spɔil] v.使索然无味，损坏
4 museum[mju:'ziəm] n.博物馆
5 public ['pʌblik] a.公共的
6 friendly ['frendli] a.友好的
7 waiter ['weitə] n.服务员，招待员
8 lend [lend] v.借给
9 decision [di'siʒən] n.决定
10 whole [həul] a.整个的
11 single ['siŋgəl] a.唯一的，单一的
一、词汇讲解
1. send 寄，送，派遣，打发
  cause sb. to go or sth. to be taken without going oneself
  ( send – sent – sent )
1) 加双宾语
   send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.
send me a card = send a card to me  寄给我一张明信片
eg. I sent my mother a present on Mothers’ Day = I sent a present to my mother on Mothers’ Day. 在母亲节那天我寄给我母亲一件礼物。
2) 加单宾语
  send sth
  send sb
send a letter 寄一封信
send a parcel 寄一件包裹
send the children to bed 打发孩子去睡觉
3) send sb my love 代向某人致意
  give sb my love  代向某人致意
eg. Please send your sister my love .= Please send my love to your sister.
请代向你姐姐问候。
eg. Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brother.
代我问候你哥哥。
eg. Remember me to your parents. 代我问候你父母。
   Give my regards to your parents. 把我的问候带给你父母。
4) send for sb
  send for sth
send for a doctor 派人去请医生
send for a taxi  派人去叫一辆出租车
2. postcard  n. 明信片
card 卡片，贺卡
a Christmas card 圣诞卡片
a birthday card 生日卡片
a get-well card  康复卡
an identity card 身份证
cards 纸牌
a pack of cards 一幅纸牌
1) one’s best card 某人的王牌，绝招
  or: one’s strongest card某人的王牌，绝招
2) give sb his cards 开除，解雇
3) lay one’s cards on the table = put one’s cards on the table 摊牌
post  n./v. 邮，寄
post-bag 邮袋
post-box  ( U.S., mail box ) 邮筒，邮箱
post-code 邮政编码
post office 邮局
postman  ( U.S., mailman) 邮递员
post mark 邮戳
post-free （邮件）免付邮资的，邮资已付的
post-paid邮资已付的
3. spoil 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋
  spoil-spoiled-spoiled
  spoil-spoilt-spoilt
  英式英语中多用不规则形式：
eg.  dreamt;  spoilt  ( Br. )
  美式英语中多用规则形式：
eg. dreamed;  spoiled  ( Am.)
  过去分词作定语时，用不规则形式：
a spoilt child 一个被惯坏了的孩子
spoilt milk 已经坏了的牛奶
a misspelt word 拼写错误的字
1)  v. make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin
eg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays.
恶劣的天气破坏了我们的假期使我们玩得不开心。
eg. The bad news spoilt my day. 这个坏消息破坏了我一天的心情。
eg. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是破坏我的假期。
2)  v. 娇惯，宠坏，溺爱（尤指儿童）
eg. The little girl is terribly spoilt – her parents give her everything she asks for.
    那个孩子被宠坏了，她要什么，父母就给什么。
eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. （谚）孩子不打不成器。
eg. Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time 谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一宠。
4. museum  n. 博物馆
museum piece
1) 适于博物馆展览的精品
2) （贬）老古董
eg. This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one. 你这台旧收音机该进博物馆里，早该换台新的了。
5. public
1) adj 公众的，与公众有关的，（尤作定语）
反义词：  private
a public garden 公园
public affairs 公事
public education 民众教育
public health 民众健康
public libraries 公共图书馆
the public highway 公路
2) n. 公众，民众
the public公众，民众
in public: openly 公共的，公然的
( 反义词：in private )
eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes.
   她为自己的错误公开地向公众道歉。
6. friendly  adj. 友好的
friend  n. 朋友
1) make friends with sb 跟某人交朋友
2) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
3) close friends 密友
  bosom friend 知己
4）boy friend 男朋友   girl friend  女朋友
“ly ”结尾的adj.
friendly  adj. 友好的
friendly nations 友邦
a friendly smile 友好的微笑
a friendly welcome 友好的欢迎
a friendly manner 友好的态度
friendly 友好的  lonely 孤独的  silly 蠢的      brotherly 兄长般的 
lovely 可爱的   deadly 致命的  likely 可能的
waiter （饭店，旅馆，餐厅等）服务员  waitress  女服务员
-ess 是女性的象征
actor 演员  actress 女演员
prince 王子  princess 王妃，公主
tiger 老虎  tigress 雌虎
7. lend  v. 借
  lend-lent-lent
lend sb sth 借某人某物 = lend sth to sb
borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借来
eg. Can you lend me 200 yuan？你能借给我200元吗？
   I’ll pay you back tomorrow. 我明天还给你。
eg. I lent that CD to John but never get it back.
我把CD借给约翰，再也拿不回来了。
lend sb a hand = give sb help 给某人以帮助
lend sb an ear （耐心地）倾听
be living on borrowed time 大难不死
lender 出借人，贷方
borrower  借东西的人，借方
8. decision n. 决定
decide v. 决定
decide to do……决定做某事
make up one’s mind to do……下定决心做…..
eg. I decided to study another foreign language. 我决定再学一门外语。
= I made up my mind to study another foreign language.
eg. With so many choices, it’s hard to decide which to buy.
   有这么多选择，真不知该选哪一种买。
eg. It’s difficult to decide between the two. 在这两者之间很难作出选择。
decision n. 决定
make a decision 做出决定
reach a decision做出决定
come to a decision做出决定
eg. On the last day of my holiday, I made a big decision.
假期最后一天，我做了一个重大决定
eg. Anyone who lacks decision shouldn’t be a leader. 
缺乏决断能力的人是不能当领导的。
9. whole
1) adj 完全的，整体的，全部的
entire; complete
a whole day  一整天
three whole days 三整天
the whole country 全国
the whole world 全世界
eg. Let’s forget the whole affair.  我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。
   Let’s forget the whole matter. 我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。
   Let’s forget the whole thing.  我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。
2) n. 这个，整体
eg. Four quarters make a whole. 四个四分之一构成一个整体。
   quarter  n. 四分之一，一季度，一刻钟
eg. Cut the apple into quarters. 把苹果切成四瓣。
half  n. 一半
eg. Two halves make a whole. 两个一半构成一个整体。
eg. Half of the work is done. 完成了一半工作。
as a whole 整个的
on the whole 总的来说，一般来讲
eg. On the whole I agree with your decision. 总的来说，我同意你观点。
wholesale 批发  wholesaler 批发商
retail ['ri:teil] n. 零售  [ri:'teil] vt. & vi.零售
retail dealer 零售商  retail trader 零售商
10. single
1) adj. only one 唯一的，单一的
a single letter 唯一的一封信
a single apple hanging from the tree 树上挂着唯一的一只苹果
a single ticket 单程票  a return ticket 往返票  a round ticket 往返票
2) adj. 未婚的，独身的
single men and women 单身男女
married 已婚的
3) adj. 单独一人使用的
a single bed 单人床  a double bed 双人床
a single room 单人房间  a double room 双人房间
4) adj.
single-parent 单亲
a single-parent family 单亲家庭

三、课文讲解Text
Postcards always spoil my holidays.
spoil  索然无味
always   总是（频度副词）
holiday
a holiday  一天的假期
holiday  较长的假期
go on holiday  去度假
be on holiday  正在度假
holidays  较长的假期，不能指一天的假期
vacation [və'keiʃən]
1) 法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday。
2) 每年的例行休假（英）holiday（美）vacation
leave  雇员因某种原因而获准的休假
ask for a leave  请假
take French leave （英）不辞而别
leave in an English style （法）不辞而别

Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
Italy  意大利  Italian  意大利语；意大利人
public garden  公园

A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
taught me a few words of Italian 
teach sb sth 
双宾语现象：
teach myself English 自学英语
teach sb a lesson 教训某人一顿
give sb a lesson 教训某人一顿
teach sb to do sth 教某人去做某事
teach fish to swin 班门弄斧
teach your grandmother to suck eggs班门弄斧
educate 知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育
teach 指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育课程
coach [kəutʃ] 非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行（考试）辅导或对体育运动的指导
train 训练，使在行为、技能或体能上达到要求
instruct [in'strʌkt] 教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；命令
word  n.
1) 词
New words and expressions 生词和词组
2) 话，语言
eg. I don’t believe a word of his story. 他的故事我一句（一个字）都不相信。
3) 消息
eg. Word came that he had run into trouble. 有消息传来，他陷入麻烦了。
eg. Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。( Idiom)
have a word in sb’s ear 和…..说句悄悄话
have a word with sb 和…..说一句话
have words with sb 和…..吵架
have word from sb 听到，收到…..的消息

Then he lent me a book.
lend sb sth 借给某人某物

I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.
read-read-read

Every day I thought about postcards.
think about + n./ doing 思考，思索，回想，想起
eg. Do you often think about your childhood? 你经常回想起你的童年吗？
think of 考虑，想起，记起
eg. I thought of postcards. 我考虑明信片的事。
My holiday passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.

My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.
1) pass  v. ( passed)
2) send sth to sb = send sb sth
eg. I did not send postcards to my friends. 我没有给朋友寄明信片。
I didn’t send my friends postcards. 我没有给朋友寄明信片。

On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend
sb spend time / money / energy on sth 某人花费时间/金钱/精力在某事上
sb spend time / money / energy (in) doing sth 某人花费时间/金钱/精力做某事
一定注意：人作主语
eg. He spends money as if he were a millionaire.
他花钱就像是百万富翁似的。
eg. He spends all her money and time on clothes.
她所有钱和时间都花费在买衣服上面。
He spends all her money and time in buying clothes.
她所有钱和时间都花费在买衣服上面。
eg. I spent a whole hour in explaining the importance of learning English to him.
   我花了整整一小时的时间向他解释学英语的重要性。

Special Difficulties -双宾语现象：
  nbsp; 英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。
eg. He lent me a book. ( me: 间接宾语)，( a book: 直接宾语)
   He lent a book to me.
eg. He sent me a card.
   He sent a card to me.
eg. He passed me the salt.
   He passed the salt to me.
eg. She bought me a tie.
She bought a tie for me.
eg. She made me a cake.
She made a cake for me.
Exercise: 改写下列句子
1. He paid the shopkeeper some money.
He paid some money to the shopkeeper.
2. He handed me the prize. 他向我颁奖
He handed the prize to me.
3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man.
The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.
4. He sold all his books to me.
He sold me all his books .
5. The shop assistant found some curtain material for me.
The shop assistant found me some curtain material .
6. He did me a big favor. 他帮了我一个大忙。
He did a big favor for me.
7. She showed her husband her new hat.
She showed her new hat to her husband.
8. She promised a reward to the finder. 她承诺：找到者必有重赏。
She promised the finder a reward .
9. He gave his son some advice.
He gave some advice to his son.
10. His uncle left him some money.
His uncle left some money to him.
His uncle left some money for him.
11. He is teaching English to us.
He is teaching us English.
12. I bought this bunch of flowers for you.
I bought you this bunch of flowers .
13. Bring that book to me, please.
Bring me that book , please.
14. He offered me a cigarette.
He offered a cigarette to me.
15. Read me the first paragraph.
Read the first paragraph for me.
16. I’ve ordered some soup for you.
I’ve ordered you some soup.
17. I owe him a lot of money.
I owe a lot of money to him.
18. Pass the mustard to your father.
Pass your father the mustard.
After dinner, mustard. 马后炮
mustard ['mʌstəd]  n.芥; 芥末; 芥菜酱

四、练习    Exercises
l. He was a friendly waiter.
He spoke to the writer _D_.
A.  friend  B. as friends  C. like friends  D. in a friendly way
分析：他以友好的方式和作者谈话
A，朋友：  B. 作为朋友；C. 像朋友一样：  D. 以友好的方式。
2. On the last day he made a big decision.
It was the __A__ day of this holiday.
A. final B.   end  C.   latest  D.   bottom
分析：B. 最后，结束：    C. 最近的，最新的：D. 底部，末端；  A. 最后的
3. He didn't write a single card. So he __B__
A. wrote only one
B. didn’t write even one
C. wrote just one
D. wrote all the cards except one
分析：
A. 只写了一张；    B. 甚至一张都没写； C. 只写了一张；    D. 除了一张没写其它都写了。
4. There is need to check the __B__ of the report.
A. frequency  B. accuracy
C. emergency  D. efficiency
分析：有必要检查一下报告的准确度。
frequent    频率很高的，经常的；
accurate   准确的，精确的；
emergent    紧急的；
efficient    有效率，效率很高；
六、补充内容
量词
a belt of  一条狭长的（地带，水域）
a belt of volcanoes  火山地带
例: A belt of trees encircled the field.
一条林带把田围住了。
a bit of   一点儿，一些：一小块，一小片
a bit of land  一小块地
a little bit of cheese  —块干酪