裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记.doc

Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片    How many cards did the writer send?    Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!参考译文明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！【New words and expressions】（11）1 send send v.寄，送2 postcard 'pustk:d n.明信片3 spoil spil v.使索然无味，损坏4 museummju:'zim n.博物馆5 public 'pblik a.公共的6 friendly 'frendli a.友好的7 waiter 'weit n.服务员，招待员8 lend lend v.借给9 decision di'sin n.决定10 whole hul a.整个的11 single 'sigl a.唯一的，单一的一、词汇讲解1. send 寄，送，派遣，打发  cause sb. to go or sth. to be taken without going oneself  ( send sent sent )1) 加双宾语   send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb.send me a card = send a card to me  寄给我一张明信片eg. I sent my mother a present on Mothers Day = I sent a present to my mother on Mothers Day. 在母亲节那天我寄给我母亲一件礼物。2) 加单宾语  send sth  send sbsend a letter 寄一封信send a parcel 寄一件包裹send the children to bed 打发孩子去睡觉3) send sb my love 代向某人致意  give sb my love  代向某人致意eg. Please send your sister my love .= Please send my love to your sister.请代向你姐姐问候。eg. Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brother.代我问候你哥哥。eg. Remember me to your parents. 代我问候你父母。   Give my regards to your parents. 把我的问候带给你父母。4) send for sb  send for sthsend for a doctor 派人去请医生send for a taxi  派人去叫一辆出租车2. postcard  n. 明信片card 卡片，贺卡a Christmas card 圣诞卡片a birthday card 生日卡片a get-well card  康复卡an identity card 身份证cards 纸牌a pack of cards 一幅纸牌1) ones best card 某人的王牌，绝招  or: ones strongest card某人的王牌，绝招2) give sb his cards 开除，解雇3) lay ones cards on the table = put ones cards on the table 摊牌post  n./v. 邮，寄post-bag 邮袋post-box  ( U.S., mail box ) 邮筒，邮箱post-code 邮政编码post office 邮局postman  ( U.S., mailman) 邮递员post mark 邮戳post-free （邮件）免付邮资的，邮资已付的post-paid邮资已付的3. spoil 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋  spoil-spoiled-spoiled  spoil-spoilt-spoilt  英式英语中多用不规则形式：eg.  dreamt;  spoilt  ( Br. )  美式英语中多用规则形式：eg. dreamed;  spoiled  ( Am.)  过去分词作定语时，用不规则形式：a spoilt child 一个被惯坏了的孩子spoilt milk 已经坏了的牛奶a misspelt word 拼写错误的字1)  v. make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruineg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays.恶劣的天气破坏了我们的假期使我们玩得不开心。eg. The bad news spoilt my day. 这个坏消息破坏了我一天的心情。eg. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是破坏我的假期。2)  v. 娇惯，宠坏，溺爱（尤指儿童）eg. The little girl is terribly spoilt her parents give her everything she asks for.    那个孩子被宠坏了，她要什么，父母就给什么。eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. （谚）孩子不打不成器。eg. Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time 谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一宠。4. museum  n. 博物馆museum piece1) 适于博物馆展览的精品2) （贬）老古董eg. This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one. 你这台旧收音机该进博物馆里，早该换台新的了。5. public1) adj 公众的，与公众有关的，（尤作定语）反义词：  privatea public garden 公园public affairs 公事public education 民众教育public health 民众健康public libraries 公共图书馆the public highway 公路2) n. 公众，民众the public公众，民众in public: openly 公共的，公然的( 反义词：in private )eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes.   她为自己的错误公开地向公众道歉。6. friendly  adj. 友好的friend  n. 朋友1) make friends with sb 跟某人交朋友2) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。3) close friends 密友  bosom friend 知己4）boy friend 男朋友   girl friend  女朋友“ly ”结尾的adj.friendly  adj. 友好的friendly nations 友邦a friendly smile 友好的微笑a friendly welcome 友好的欢迎a friendly manner 友好的态度friendly 友好的  lonely 孤独的  silly 蠢的      brotherly 兄长般的 lovely 可爱的   deadly 致命的  likely 可能的waiter （饭店，旅馆，餐厅等）服务员  waitress  女服务员-ess 是女性的象征actor 演员  actress 女演员prince 王子  princess 王妃，公主tiger 老虎  tigress 雌虎7. lend  v. 借  lend-lent-lentlend sb sth 借某人某物 = lend sth to sbborrow sth from sb 从某人那里借来eg. Can you lend me 200 yuan？你能借给我200元吗？   Ill pay you back tomorrow. 我明天还给你。eg. I lent that CD to John but never get it back.我把CD借给约翰，再也拿不回来了。lend sb a hand = give sb help 给某人以帮助lend sb an ear （耐心地）倾听be living on borrowed time 大难不死lender 出借人，贷方borrower  借东西的人，借方8. decision n. 决定decide v. 决定decide to do决定做某事make up ones mind to do下定决心做.eg. I decided to study another foreign language. 我决定再学一门外语。= I made up my mind to study another foreign language.eg. With so many choices, its hard to decide which to buy.   有这么多选择，真不知该选哪一种买。eg. Its difficult to decide between the two. 在这两者之间很难作出选择。decision n. 决定make a decision 做出决定reach a decision做出决定come to a decision做出决定eg. On the last day of my holiday, I made a big decision.假期最后一天，我做了一个重大决定eg. Anyone who lacks decision shouldnt be a leader. 缺乏决断能力的人是不能当领导的。9. whole1) adj. 完全的，整体的，全部的entire; completea whole day  一整天three whole days 三整天the whole country 全国the whole world 全世界eg. Lets forget the whole affair.  我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。   Lets forget the whole matter. 我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。   Lets forget the whole thing.  我们把这件事彻底忘掉吧。2) n. 这个，整体eg. Four quarters make a whole. 四个四分之一构成一个整体。   quarter  n. 四分之一，一季度，一刻钟eg. Cut the apple into quarters. 把苹果切成四瓣。half  n. 一半eg. Two halves make a whole. 两个一半构成一个整体。eg. Half of the work is done. 完成了一半工作。as a whole 整个的on the whole 总的来说，一般来讲eg. On the whole, I agree with your decision. 总的来说，我同意你观点。wholesale 批发  wholesaler 批发商retail 'ri:teil n. 零售  ri:'teil vt. & vi.零售retail dealer 零售商  retail trader 零售商10. single1) adj. only one 唯一的，单一的a single letter 唯一的一封信a single apple hanging from the tree 树上挂着唯一的一只苹果a single ticket 单程票  a return ticket 往返票  a round ticket 往返票2) adj. 未婚的，独身的single men and women 单身男女married 已婚的3) adj. 单独一人使用的a single bed 单人床  a double bed 双人床a single room 单人房间  a double room 双人房间4) adj.single-parent 单亲a single-parent family 单亲家庭三、课文讲解TextPostcards always spoil my holidays.spoil  索然无味always   总是（频度副词）holidaya holiday  一天的假期holiday  较长的假期go on holiday  去度假be on holiday  正在度假holidays  较长的假期，不能指一天的假期vacation v'kein1) 法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday。2) 每年的例行休假（英）holiday（美）vacationleave  雇员因某种原因而获准的休假ask for a leave  请假take French leave （英）不辞而别leave in an English style （法）不辞而别Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.Italy  意大利  Italian  意大利语；意大利人public garden  公园A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. taught me a few words of Italian teach sb sth 双宾语现象：teach myself English 自学英语teach sb a lesson 教训某人一顿give sb a lesson 教训某人一顿teach sb to do sth 教某人去做某事teach fish to swin 班门弄斧teach your grandmother to suck eggs班门弄斧educate 知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育teach 指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育课程coach kut 非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行（考试）辅导或对体育运动的指导train 训练，使在行为、技能或体能上达到要求instruct in'strkt 教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；命令word  n.1) 词New words and expressions 生词和词组2) 话，语言eg. I dont believe a word of his story. 他的故事我一句（一个字）都不相信。3) 消息eg. Word came that he had run into trouble. 有消息传来，他陷入麻烦了。eg. Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。( Idiom)have a word in sbs ear 和.说句悄悄话have a word with sb 和.说一句话have words with sb 和.吵架have word from sb 听到，收到.的消息Then he lent me a book. lend sb sth 借给某人某物I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. read-read-readEvery day I thought about postcards. think about + n./ doing 思考，思索，回想，想起eg. Do you often think about your childhood? 你经常回想起你的童年吗？think of 考虑，想起，记起eg. I thought of postcards. 我考虑明信片的事。My holiday passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.1) pass  v. ( passed)2) send sth to sb = send sb stheg. I did not send postcards to my friends. 我没有给朋友寄明信片。I didnt send my friends postcards. 我没有给朋友寄明信片。On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!spendsb spend time / money / energy on sth 某人花费时间/金钱/精力在某事上sb spend time / money / energy (in) doing sth 某人花费时间/金钱/精力做某事一定注意：人作主语eg. He spends money as if he were a millionaire.他花钱就像是百万富翁似的。eg. He spends all her money and time on clothes.她所有钱和时间都花费在买衣服上面。He spends all her money and time in buying clothes.她所有钱和时间都花费在买衣服上面。eg. I spent a whole hour in explaining the importance of learning English to him.   我花了整整一小时的时间向他解释学英语的重要性。Special Difficulties -双宾语现象：    英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。eg. He lent me a book. ( me: 间接宾语)，( a book: 直接宾语)   He lent a book to me.eg. He sent me a card.   He sent a card to me.eg. He passed me the salt.   He passed the salt to me.eg. She bought me a tie.She bought a tie for me.eg. She made me a cake.She made a cake for me.Exercise: 改写下列句子1. He paid the shopkeeper some money.He paid some money to the shopkeeper.2. He handed me the prize. 他向我颁奖He handed the prize to me.3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man.The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.4. He sold all his books to me.He sold me all his books .5. The shop assistant found some curtain material for me.The shop assistant found me some curtain material .6. He did me a big favor. 他帮了我一个大忙。He did a big favor for me.7. She showed her husband her new hat.She showed her new hat to her husband.8. She promised a reward to the finder. 她承诺：找到者必有重赏。She promised the finder a reward .9. He gave his son some advice.He gave some advice to his son.10. His uncle left him some money.His uncle left some money to him.His uncle left some money for him.11. He is teaching English to us.He is teaching us English.12. I bought this bunch of flowers for you.I bought you this bunch of flowers .13. Bring that book to me, please.Bring me that book , please.14. He offered me a cigarette.He offered a cigarette to me.15. Read me the first paragraph.Read the first paragraph for me.16. Ive ordered some soup for you.Ive ordered you some soup.17. I owe him a lot of money.I owe a lot of money to him.18. Pass the mustard to your father.Pass your father the mustard.After dinner, mustard. 马后炮mustard 'mstd  n.芥; 芥末; 芥菜酱四、练习    Exercisesl. He was a friendly waiter.He spoke to the writer _D_.A.  friend  B. as friends  C. like friends  D. in a friendly way分析：他以友好的方式和作者谈话A，朋友：  B. 作为朋友；C. 像朋友一样：  D. 以友好的方式。2. On the last day he made a big decision.It was the _A_ day of this holiday.A. final B.   end  C.   latest  D.   bottom分析：B. 最后，结束：    C. 最近的，最新的：D. 底部，末端；  A. 最后的3. He didn't write a single card. So he _B_A. wrote only oneB. didnt write even oneC. wrote just oneD. wrote all the cards except one分析：A. 只写了一张；    B. 甚至一张都没写； C. 只写了一张；    D. 除了一张没写其它都写了。4. There is need to check the _B_ of the report.A. frequency  B. accuracyC. emergency  D. efficiency分析：有必要检查一下报告的准确度。frequent    频率很高的，经常的；accurate   准确的，精确的；emergent    紧急的；efficient    有效率，效率很高；六、补充内容量词a belt of  一条狭长的（地带，水域）a belt of volcanoes  火山地带例: A belt of trees encircled the field.一条林带把田围住了。a bit of   一点儿，一些：一小块，一小片a bit of land  一小块地a little bit of cheese  块干酪