03-选择性必修第二册Unit-4基础练习(人教版2019).docx

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)
选择性必修二 Unit 4 Journey across a Vast Land
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than __________(anticipate).
2. (2020·浙江高考)Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals —should __ (photograph) from a safe distance.  
3. (2019·北京高考)Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an __________ (astonish)64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Still, most of us volunteers __________ (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
5. (2019·天津高考)Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script, or documentary __________ (highlight).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. __________________, smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.  
正相反, 智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间而且还对我们的健康有害。
2. Seeing their favorite star come in, __________________
看到最喜欢的明星进来了, 这些忠实的粉丝立马从座位上站了起来。
3. __________________ his son had been caught cheating in the exams.  
他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了, 这使他大为吃惊。
4. He __________________ his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.  
他良好的发音归功于他的第一位英语老师。
5. __________________ today Chinese is one of the most important languages in the world.  
毫无疑问, 汉语是当今世界上最重要的语言之一。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
　　Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1. ________dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners
2. __________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3. __________ can be to eat out. I still remember 4. __________
(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 5. __________(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.  
While regularly eating out seems to 6. __________(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7. __________(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8. _______ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9. __________(weigh) problems.  
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 10. _______ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
IV.阅读理解
A
Science fiction paints a future where robots play an important part in everyday life. A technology firm is trying to make that future a reality today with an affordable robot called Artibo. Artibo is small. Its brain, or AI block, is a cube (立方体)that fits in your hand. That block connects to a motor block and two silicon wheels. Assembled, it’s about four inches tall.
Artibo is much more than just a robot that you program to move around. Artibo’s designers want it to provide companionship and be a resource for learning coding. With its camera, microphone and connection to a cloud-based AI, it can respond to voice commands or function like a walkie-talkie(对讲机). It talks like a chatbot and can tell bedtime stories. It can even help you learn other languages!
Artibo isn’t quite ready for stores yet, though. It’s part of a crowdfunding project. Crowdfunding is a program where you put a request online to a crowd of people. Supporters can then pay large or small amounts to help you finish a project. Artibo will first be available to people who have paid to help bring it into production.
Using computer code to program your own toys is nothing new. LEGO first released a robot kit in 1998. Since then, programmable robots have become one of the best-selling units in the LEGO product line. Programming robots might sound comparable to rocket science, but anyone can program one using nothing more than a tablet or a smartphone and code blocks.
Code blocks allow you to program simple or complex commands by assembling visual blocks of code on the canvas ( 画 布 )of a computer screen. Just drag and drop a variety of code blocks from a programming menu link them together, and watch how your robot responds. In Artibo’s case coding doesn’t stop there. Unlike other similar programmable toys, Artibo will also allow you to write your own code. So as your familiarity with coding increases, you won’t lose interest in Artibo.
1. According to the passage, the purpose of developing Artibo is______.  
A. helping people learn anything they want and providing companionship
B. providing a robot that can move, accompany and help people learn coding
C. chatting with people, telling bedtime stories and supplying languages
D. helping people raise money on line and creating programmable robots
2. What can be concluded from the passage?
A. Programming robots is not really complicated.
B. Programming robots is advanced like a rocket.
C. Programming robots can be used in smartphones.
D. Programming robots used in toys is not new at all.
3. The passage implies that______.  
A. people can program various orders even without code blocks
B. anyone can control Artibo freely unlike other programming toys
C. the more familiar you’re with coding, the more you’ll like Artibo
D. artibo is popular in the world especially among young people
B
For several decades, there has been an extensive and organized campaign intended to generate distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think tanks(自由主义智囊团)whose interests and beliefs are threatened by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space.
Quoting successes isn’t wrong, but for many people it’s not persuasive. What is typically declared to be the scientific method—develop a supposition, then design an experiment to test it—isn’t what scientists actually do. Science is active so that new methods get invented and old ones get abandoned. The scientific method doesn’t always work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn’t prove that the theory it was designed to test is true.
If there is no identifiable scientific method then what is the guarantee for trust in science?
The answer is the methods by which those claims are evaluated. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gone through a long process of examination by fellow scientists. Until this point, scientific feedback is typically fairly friendly. But the next step is different: once the paper is ready, it is presented to a scientific journal, where things get a whole lot tougher. Editors deliberately send scientific papers to people who are not friends or colleagues of the authors, and the job of the reviewers is to find errors or other inadequacies. We call this process “peer review” because the reviewers are scientific peers but they act in the role of a superior who has both the right and the obligation to find fault. It is only after the reviewers and the editor are satisfied that any problems have been fixed that the paper is accepted for publication and enters the body of “science. ”
Does this process ever go wrong? Of course. Scientists are human. But if we look carefully at historical cases where science went wrong, typically there was no agreement reached by all. Some people argue that we should not trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”. While examples of truly settled science being overturned are far fewer than is sometimes claimed, they do exist. But the beauty of this scientific process is that it explains what might otherwise appear paradoxical(矛盾的): that science produces both novelty(新颖性)and stability. New observations, ideas, interpretations introduce novelty: transformative questioning leads to collective decisions and the stability of scientific knowledge. Scientists do change their minds in the face of new evidence, but this is a strength of science, not a weakness.
1. Distrust in science has been found because ______.  
A. scientists’ citing successes isn’t persuasive for many people to some extent
B. most scientists have tended to lay too much emphasis on the success of science
C. a wide-ranging and organized campaign has been founded in some industries and think tanks
D. someone’s benefits and beliefs are endangered by the findings of modern science
2. Which of the following statements will the author agree with about a scientific method?
A. A scientific method doesn’t necessarily take effect because science is changing.
B. A scientific method is not right because it isn’t what scientists actually do.
C. A successful experiment can guarantee the truthfulness of a claim by a scientific method.
D. True theories can produce false results because the scientific method doesn’t work.
3. What purpose does “peer review” in evaluating a scientific claim mainly serve?
A. The scientific claim can be completely accepted by the reviewers in the same field.
B. The scientific peers can draw right conclusions by finding its faults or other inadequacies.
C. The scientific claim can be published and recognized as true in science.
D. The scientific paper can be successfully submitted to a scientific journal.
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.  
A. not all the claims about the falsehood of well-established science lead to its being overturned
B. it is inevitable that science sometimes goes wrong because it appears paradoxical
C. the beauty of science lies in the paradox of being both novel and stable
D. science is not trustful because scientists always change their minds
V.七选五
　　Friends should always be honest with you, right? So when they lie, it can be really hard to take. You want to trust your friends and that means knowing that they’ll tell it to you straight no matter what it is. 　1　Why does this happen?  
　2　 
One of the biggest reasons friends lie is simply to avoid hurting your feelings. Some people don’t understand the difference between being gently honest with a friend and being so straightforward that they leave a verbal wound. They choose to avoid these two extremes in the form of a lie.
They feel embarrassed.
Sometimes friends will lie about things in their life because they are too embarrassed to admit the truth. Maybe they are going through a rough time and they just don’t want you to know about it. Avoid trying to badger ( 纠 缠 ) your friends into telling you what’s wrong. 　3　 
Avoid an argument with you.
Perhaps your friends know that if they tell you the truth, you’ll get angry with them. Make sure that if a friend tells you something unpleasant, you don’t overact. 　4　If you do end up arguing, do it in a respectable way.  
Exclude you.
Lying isn’t always a sign that friends are trying to protect you, however. 　5　When you find out with certainty that your friend is lying to you, try and face it. If you feel your friend is lying because he or she doesn’t want to be around you, that’s your wake-up to move on.  
A. Protect your feelings.
B. They want to be your closer friends.
C. But a friend who lies isn’t always trying to hurt you.
D. Consider what’s being said and why your friend is telling you this.
E. Being honest and making a sincere effort can keep the friendship strong.
F. Sometimes they lie because they don’t want you to be included in their plans.
G. Instead, make it clear that you are there for them when and if they are ready to talk.
VI.完形填空
Have you ever traveled around by bike? This spring my older brother and I 　1　 the busy city and spent a long weekend cycling in the countryside. Our speed was only around 14 kph, but we didn’t 　2　. We hadn’t come to break any speed records, after all. All we wanted were some 　3　 air and a break from schoolwork.  
We really 　4　 ourselves while cycling along traffic-free country paths. There was plenty of sunshine, but it was quite cold, 　5　 in the mornings. The good news was that soon we 　6　 as we rode along. Our only 　7　 was when my brakes started making a terrible noise. But I didn’t care as it gave us an 　8　 to visit a café while a bike mechanic (机修工) had a look at it.  
Every few kilometres there was a 　9　 where we could talk with local people. One of the women was very 　10　 and showed us the way when we got lost. On Saturday night we were 　11　 at 2 a. m. by some young people. They kept singing loudly in the next room, which made us sleepless all night. We felt very 　12　 when we got up the next morning. Soon we 　13　. We were more cheerful on the way when the sun came out. Luckily, things like that happened only once. Anyway I still like traveling around by bike — it’s 　14　 and it’s fun. If you’re looking for a short break that’s active and cheap, then cycling is a great 　15　!  
1. A. left　　 B. visited　　C. found　　D. reached
2. A. regret B. mind C. fail D. realize
3. A. fresh B. thin C. cool D. dry
4. A. hurt B. hated C. changed D. enjoyed
5. A. probably B. especially
C. specially D. immediately
6. A. came back B. gave up
C. warmed up D. calmed down
7. A. wish B. problem C. decision D. memory
8. A. order B. opinion
C. excuse D. explanation
9. A. city B. lake C. school D. village
10. A. friendly B. honest
C. stupid D. nervous
11. A. saved B. paid C. woken D. greeted
12. A. shy B. busy C. bored D. tired
13. A. set off B. called back
C. settled down D. broke down
14. A. true B. simple
C. difficult D. dangerous
15. A. goal B. dream C. result D. choice

参考答案
Ⅰ.1. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated(anticipate).
2. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. Polar bears — like all wild animals —should be photographed (photograph) from a safe distance.  
3. Since he first started volunteering his car to the young people, Wilson has covered an astonishing (astonish)64, 000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.
4Still, most of us volunteers breathe (breath) a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.
5.Submit a first draft of your essay, performance script, or documentary highlights (highlight).
Ⅱ.1. On the contrary, smart phones not only take up our valuable time, but also do great harm to our health.  
2. Seeing their favorite star come in, the devoted fans arose from their seats immediately.  
3. What astonished him was that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.  
4. He owed it to his first teacher of English that he had a good pronunciation.  
5. There is no doubt that tod