专题02-名词性从句(原卷版).docx

专题02 名词性从句

I．概念
名词在句中一般可以作主语、表语、宾语和同位语等。
1. Water freezes below zero. (作主语)
2. Eric was a world famous director. (作表语)
3. Would you like some bananas? (作宾语)
4. Eric, my English teacher, got promoted last year. (作同位语)
相当于名词的从句称为名词性从句，分别称之为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

II. 知识重点与难点
一、 名词性从句的连接词如下：
1. 从属连词：that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在动宾从句中可省略。
whether/ if有词义，但在从句中不充当成分, if 主要用于宾语从句中。
2. 连接代词who(ever), whom(ever), whose, what(ever), which(ever) 有词义，在从句中充当成分。

连接代词
词义
在从句中的成分
who(ever)
指代 “人”
主语、宾语、表语
whom(ever)
指代 “人”
宾语
whose
指代 “某人的”，意为“谁的”
定语
what(ever)
指代 “事物；东西”，意为“什么”
主语、宾语、表语
which(ever)
表示 “哪一个人或物” （有一定范畴）
主、宾、表（which后可接名词时，which做定语）

3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 有词义，在从句中充当状语。

二、 主语从句：
在句子中作主语的从句叫主语从句。
1. 由从属连词引导, 连词本身在从句中不做成分。
That Eric is the most handsome teacher in our school is known to all. (从句作主语，且从句不缺成分，无词义缺失，因此用 that。)
Whether he will come or not is not known yet. (从句作主语，从句完整，但缺乏表示 “是
否”的词，因此用 whether。)

2. 由连接代词引导，连词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
Who will go remains to be discussed. (从句作主语，who 在主语从句中作主语，表示 “某
人，谁”。)
What we need is more time. (从句作主语，what 在主语从句中作 need 的宾语，表示 “东
西，什么”。)
No one knows whose footprints were left on the spot. (从句作宾语，whose 在宾语从句中作
定语，表示 “某人的”。)
More examples: Whoever unsheathes（抽出鞘） that sword is my husband.
Whatever I have done is only for you.

3. 由连接副词引导，连词在从句中作状语。
When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided. （when 作时间状语）
Why he failed the English exam is quite obvious. （why 作原因状语）
Where he has been is the last piece of the puzzle. （where 作地点状语）
How Eric became a famous teacher is known to all.（how 作方式状语）

4. It作形式主语
由于主语从句位于句首，句子显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用代词it来作形式主语。
It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.
= That she has made such a foolish mistake is a pity.
It is reported that three people were killed in the accident, including the driver.
= That three people were killed in the accident, including the driver is reported.
It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not.
= Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter.

常见it作形式主语的句子有：
1）It + be +形容词+主语从句
It is strange that he should know nothing about it.
2) It + be +名词+主语从句
It is still a question when we shall have a sports meet.
3) It +动词+宾语+主语从句
It makes no difference whether she goes or stays.
4) It +不及物动词（seems/appears/happens/occurred/turned out）+主语从句
It happened that I wasn't there that day.
5) It +动词的被动结构+主语从句
It is still not known yet which team will win the match.

三、 表语从句
在句子中作表语的从句叫表语从句。
1. 由从属连词引导
The trouble is that he has never done the work before.
The question is whether we should ask them for help.
2. 由连接代词引导
Shanghai is not what it used to be.
What troubles her is which dress she should buy.
3. 由连接副词引导
That is where Lu Xun used to live.
That is why he didn’t come to the party.
注： 表语从句还可以由 as if 或 as though 引导,从句根据真假来判断是否用虚
拟。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It looks as if no one in the world could beat him in Math.

四、 宾语从句
在句子中作及物动词或作介词的宾语，或在某些形容词后的从句叫宾语从句。
1. 及物动词后的宾语从句
(1) 由从属连词引导
They told us once again that the situation is serious.
I wonder if you can do me a favour.

(2) 由连接代词引导
I don’t believe whatever he said.
I don’t know which school he is in.
Do you know who has taken my dictionary away?
He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.

(3) 由连接副词引导
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?
Do you know when she will leave for California?

2. 介词和某些形容词之后的宾语从句
(1) 介词后的宾语从句，从句一般不用that连词，但except和in除外。

The teacher is pleased with what she has said.
It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.
Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.
He usually goes to work by bike except when it rains.
A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.
He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.

(2) 某些形容词后的宾语从句（形容词后介词被去除，因为介词一般不和that引导的宾语从句连用）。
I’m sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
We are glad that our football team has won the match.

3. It作形式宾语
在 “及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来充当的，则必须放在宾语补足语的后面，而在原来的宾语位置上用代词it作形式宾语。宾补只修饰名词或名词词组，不修饰句子。
I made it clear that I was determined to go to France.
I find it necessary that we should take a break during the work.

五、 同位语从句
在句子中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般由从属连词，连接代词，连接副词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, evidence, conclusion, decision, suggestion, opinion, explanation, view, possibility, promise, question, wish等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
1. 由从属连词引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.

2. 由连接代词引导
The question what is to be done for the project remains to be discussed.
So far we have no news which route the expedition has taken.

3. 由连接副词引导
I have no idea when he will be back.
Then arose the question where we can get the machine needed.

注： 同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词的内容加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制或修饰。
a) 一般来说，定语从句的先行词为任意名词，同位语从句的先行词常常是可
以承载一件事情的抽象名词。
Those who want to go please sign their names here. （定语从句）
We express the hope that they will come to visit Shanghai again.
（同位语从句）
b) 定语从句修饰, 限定先行词的意义，与先行词为修饰关系；同位语从句说明
先行词的具体内容，与先行词是同位关系。
It is a fact that you can't deny.（定语从句）
It is a fact that she has done her best.（同位语从句）
c) that 在定语从句中为关系代词，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语；that 在同
位语从句中只起到连接作用，不作句子成分。
The news that you told me yesterday surprises me.（定语从句,that 作宾语）
The news that all of us have passed the exam surprises me.（同位语从句, that
在从句中不作任何成分）

一、单项选择
1．（2022·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三阶段练习）________has a good knowledge of physics and history is qualified for the position.
A．No matter who B．Whomever C．Whoever D．Those who
2．（2022·天津河北·高三期中）Among the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, ________ really interests me is their disappearance.
A．that B．which C．whether D．what
3．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中） work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.
A．How B．Whether C．That D．Which
4．（2022·天津·一模）You should follow the doctor's instruction to give up smoking or ________ he suggested will have little effect on your health.
A．when B．how C．why. D．what
5．（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）________ matters most to Dorian Gray is ________ he is good looking.
A．Which; that B．What; that C．What; if D．That; whether
6．（2022·黑龙江·哈尔滨三中高三阶段练习）You have my word ________ I won the lottery one day, I would buy you a new car.
A．if B．that C．if that D．that if
7．（2022·全国·高三名校集）In fact, more than one account suggests that ______ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ____ it hit him on the head.
A．when, why B．while, that C．if, that D．while, why
8．（2022·天津·高三专题练习）The news came________the British Queen Mother celebrated her 101st birthday in good health,________isn't surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care.
A．when; as B．which; which C．that; that     D．that; which
9．（2022·全国·高三专题练习）—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea _____________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
A．when B．why
C．that D．how
10．（2022·天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学高三阶段练习）Was it in this room _____ he made the decision _____ he would break away from his family?
A．that ; which B．where ; which C．that ; that D．where ; that
11．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中）The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A．which, that B．at which,where
C．at which,that D．where, in which
12．（2022·全国·高三名校集）Honestly speaking, this is ______ I disagreed ______ you.
A．what; on B．where; on C．what; with D．where; with
13．（2022·全国·高三名校集）This is ________ the Shenzhou VIII Spaceship landed.
A．there B．in which C．the place that D．where
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A．that B．whether C．what D．if
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A．that B．whether C．how D．what
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A．which B．that C．what D．where
17．（2022·天津市滨海新区塘沽第一中学高三阶段练习）Sometimes advertisements make it possible for companies to sell the customer money cannot buy.
A．what B．which C．that D．whether
18．（2022·天津市双菱中学高三期中）In our daily life, it is a piece of cake to find that the same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Hence, it’s about ________ you’re made of, not the circumstances.
A．that B．what C．how D．who
19．（2022·天津市嘉诚中学高三阶段练习）All of my classmates are hopeful about________2022 will bring not only in our studies but also in our overall development.
A．how B．which C．that D．what
20．（2022·天津市教育招生考试院高三期中）I promise to make you all proud again in direction life may take me.
A．however B．wherever C．whenever D．whatever