重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析(新高考专用)(学生版).docx

重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析-2023年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练
(新高考专用)

年 份
卷 类
卷 别
体 裁
题 材
设空位置
2022年
新高考
I卷
说明文
如何寻找健身的伙伴
段中设空4
段尾设空1
II卷
说明文
写文章的技巧
段首设空1
段中设空4
全国卷
甲卷
说明文
外出就餐的注意事项
段首设空1
段中设空3
段尾设空1
乙卷
说明文
五种维系异地友谊的方法
段首设空3
段中设空1
段尾设空1
2021年
新高考
I卷
记叙文
体验巴黎当地的生活
段首设空1
段中设空4
II卷
说明文
提高阅读速度的建议
段首设空1
段中设空2
段尾设空2
全国卷
甲卷
说明文
处理旧衣物的方法
段首设空1
段中设空4
乙卷
说明文
在晚会上受人关注的方法
段首设空2
段中设空2
段尾设空1

从两年高考阅读七选五命题的设空位置(段首空为10空、段中空为24空、段尾空为6空)我们可以看出，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。根据新高考I卷段中设空两年都保持在4空的情况下，我们可以认为2023年新高考阅读七选五设空位置大体有两种可能：一是保持不变；二是对段首设空、段中设空、段尾设空的比例作一些微调。

在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起归纳总结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而有之(承上启下)。
此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现形式为单独成行或成段。
一、段首设空的主要考点：
段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。
此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。

【满分技巧1】借助“对标”解题
对照其他标题的表达形式，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致。
【满分技巧2】借助“提炼”解题
注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词(留意体现主旨的同义词复现)串联成标题。
【满分技巧3】借助“推断”解题
认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨句。
【满分技巧4】借助“抓点”解题
设空处在段首时(设空在首段段首处除外)，很有可能是过渡句(承上启下句或导入句)。因此，要阅读
上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。
【经典考例1】(引用原题号，以下同)
(2022·浙江1月高考卷节选)...
Pick the most important.
...
Combine your activities.
...
___34___
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
...
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F. Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
【经典考例2】
(2022·新高考II卷节选)Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___36___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___37___(Let your pen follow the waves of thought. )Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【经典考例3】
(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷节选)___37___ Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local or store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
___38___ This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. ...
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

二、段中设空的主要考点

段中上下文关联句：从段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系等方面命题。

【满分技巧1】借助“语篇结构”解题
阅读七选五的体裁主要是说明文，语篇常采用“总——分”或“总——分——总”的结构。前一部分说明事物的主题，下面几部分从不同角度说明问题，最后总结。常见的标志性词汇有：to conclude, to sum up, generally speaking, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, in general,in short, in summary, on the whole等等。
【满分技巧2】借助“解释例证”解题
段落后文对前文或解释说明或举例佐证。常见的标志性词汇有：actually, as a matter of, in fact, in other words, that is to say, for example, for instance等等。
【满分技巧3】借助“转折让步”解题
段落行文中后句与前句构成逻辑上的转折关系或前句与后句构成逻辑上的让步关系。常见的标志性词汇有：but, however, instead, nevertheless, or/otherwise, whereas, while, yet, at any rate, in any case, on the contrary以及although/though/as, in spite of等等。
【满分技巧4】借助“层层推进”解题
段落行文中前句与后面的数句在某种意义上层层推进，一层更进一层，即通常所说的“递进”。常见的标志性词汇有：besides, even, further, furthermore, moreover, in addition, not ... but, not only ... but also, to make matters worse, what’s worse, what’s more等等。
【满分技巧5】借助“原因结果”解题
前句与后句之间构成前因后果或者前果后因的关系。常见的标志性词汇有：accordingly, consequently, hence, so/therefore/thus, as a result of, due to, now that, such/so ... that ..., thanks to, 等等。
【满分技巧6】借助“齐头并进”解题
指句子与句子之间齐头并进互不相属形成并列关系，用了一起说明同一个问题。常见的标志性词汇
有：and, first/firstly, second/secondly, third/thirdly, next, then, in the first place, in the second place, for one thing...for another thing, finally/last等等。
特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。
【经典考例1】
(2017·新高考I卷节选)The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. ___37___ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【经典考例2】
(2020·全国卷I节选)●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. ___38___ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心)response? “That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.”
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
【经典考例3】
(2021·新高考卷I节选)Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ___38___ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【经典考例4】
(2020·山东卷节选)Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. ___36___ Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the “speaking.” ___37___ Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【经典考例5】
(2021·新高考I卷节选)The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing(水管)worked. ___37___ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【经典考例6】
(2021·新高考I卷节选)My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. ___36___ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【经典考例7】
(2020·全国高考III卷节选)A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. ___36___ And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

三、段尾设空的主要考点
首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面(段落)；全文主题句；
段落末句设空的考点：段落主题句/总结句(往往与段落开头呼应)；(承上启下)过渡句或细节支撑句
(与空前或空后内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系)；
全文末句设空的考点：全文的总结句(往往与文章开头呼应)。

【满分技巧1】借助“前呼后应”解题
尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟前文中的一两句呼应。
【满分技巧1】借助“瞻前顾后”解题
先看空格前的句子看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联。
【满分技巧1】借助“逻辑优先”解题
分析尾句与空格的前句之间的逻辑关系。
【经典考例1】
(2017·全国新课标III卷节选)Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. ___39___ 
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel After you’ve
tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. ___40___(If the steps you take are working, keep it up.) If not, take another look at other methods you could try.
A. Get a sleep specialist.
B. Find the right motivation.
C. A better plan for sleep can help.
D. And consider setting a second alarm.
E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.
G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.
【经典考例2】
(2021·6月浙江卷节选)
You’ve got mail…and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. ___11___
“I often send postcards to family and friends.” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ...”
A. And that’s totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【经典考例3】
(2020·山东卷节选)Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. ___18___
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【经典考例4】
(2020·6月浙江卷节选)A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. ___32___(I loved the colorful photographs in the books.) I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ___33___
A. I wasn’t alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.

(题目序号仿新高考)
每篇答题时间不超过8分钟
Passage 1
(2022·广东高三期中)Ready to upgrade your usual walk around the park for a hike in the wild?___36___So, before you set off, here’s some tips and recommendations.
Choose your trail(小路). Are you up for a climb or would you prefer more of an easier walk? Consider things like the amount of time you have for your hike, as well as the distance and difficulty level. Be sure to do plenty of research and map out your start and end points. ___37___ Check the weather forecast. There’s no such thing as bad