Unit-2-Great-minds【速记清单】-初三英语单元速记巧练(牛津沪教版).docx

Unit 2　Great minds

Unit1
话题
才智超群的人
词汇
mind n. 聪明的人；富有才智的人 astronomer n. 天文学家
consider v. 认为；觉得 sense n. 理解力；判断力
invitation n. 邀请 pleasure n. 乐事；快事
avoid v. 避免；避开 trust v. 信任；信赖
obey v. 服从；遵守 reduce v. 减少；缩小
exactly adv. 精确的；准确的 action n.（故事、戏剧等的）情节

短语
let...down 使……失望 by heart 单凭记忆；能背诵
take a seat 坐下 without difficulty 轻而易举
join in 参加；加入 have no idea 丝毫不知道
be in trouble 处于困境 play a joke on sb. 和某人开玩笑

重点
句子
1.Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different universities.
2.It’s a pleasure to drive a genius like you, Dr Einstein.
3.I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight, Hans, but I don’t want to let my audience down.
4.I’ve listened to your lecture so many times that I’ve learnt it by heart.
...so they won’t find out...
5.Einstein took a seat, listened to Hans give his lecture without difficulty, and joined in the applause at the end.
6.At school, Einstein’s ability to do Maths surprised his teachers, but he was bored with other subjects.
语法
非谓语动词--不定式
写作
故事描写

1. Listen to a radio programme about some great minds.
mind在此用作可数名词，意为“聪明的人；富有才智的人”。
【拓展】mind作名词，还可表示“头脑；大脑；智慧；心思”。
常用短语：make up one's mind 下定决心；change one's mind 改变主意
Have you made up your mind to change your mind? 你下定决心要改变主意了吗？
2. Many people consider Albert Einstein a genius.
consider及物动词，意为“认为；觉得”。consider sb./sth. (as) sth. 意为“认为某人
/某物是……”。另外，consider后还可接that从句。
He considers himself a great man. 他认为自己是一个了不起的人。
They were considered as heroes. 他们被认为是英雄。
He considered that we could do the work well. 他认为我们能做好这项工作。
Lingling is considered to be the top student. 玲玲被认为是优秀学生。
【拓展】consider还可意为“考虑”，相当于think about，其后可接名词、代词、动
词-ing形式、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。
You'd better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑一下我的建议。
We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival.
我们在考虑赴海南过春节。

He has never considered how to solve the problem.
他从未考虑过如何解决这个问题。
3. This story about him shows that he also had a sense of humour.
(1) sense可数名词，意为“理解力；判断力”，通常用单数。
sense of humour 幽默感； sense of direction 方向感
(2) humour不可数名词，意为“幽默”。
I like such stories full of humour. 我喜欢这些幽默的故事。
【拓展】humorous形容词，意为“滑稽有趣的；有幽默感的”
He has a wide mouth and humorous eyes. 他有一张大大的嘴巴和一双滑稽的眼睛。
4. Einstein often received invitations to explain his theories at different unniversities.
(1) receive及物动词，意为“得到，收到”。
I have just received his reply. 我刚刚收到他的回信。
辨析：receive与accept
receive
指客观上“收到”，也可用来表示“接待”和“遭受”。
accept
表示主观上“接受”某人、“承认或赞同”某一看法或理论。
一言辨异 He received a gift but he didn't accept it.
他收到了一件礼物，但他没有接受。

(2) invitation名词，意为“请柬；邀请”，后常接to sth.或to do sth.
Have you received an invitation to the party? 你收到参加晚会的请柬了吗？
My father had an invitation to visit his friend in Beijing.
【拓展】invite动词，意为“邀请”。常见用法有：
①invite sb. to... 邀请某人去（某地/某一活动）
We invited Miss Gao to our party. 我们邀请高老师来参加我们的聚会。
②invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
They have invited me to go to Shanghai with them.他们邀请我和他们一同去上海。
5. It's a pleasure to drive a genius like you.
pleasure在此用作可数名词，意为“乐事；快事”。“It's a pleasure to do sth.”表示
“做某事是一件乐事”。
It's a pleasure to meet you. 认识你很高兴。
辨析：pleasure，pleasant与pleased
pleasure
可数名词
“乐事；快事”
不可数名词
“高兴；快乐”，take pleasure in (doing) sth. 意为“从(做)某事中获得乐趣”
pleasant
形容词
“令人愉快的；宜人的”，通常修饰物
pleased
形容词
“高兴的；愉快的”，主语一般是人。be pleased with “对……感到满意”；be pleased to do sth. “乐于做某事”
It's a pleasure to hear from you. 收到你的来信很高兴。
Reading brings me great pleasure. 读书带给我很大的乐趣。
What a pleasant trip! 多么令人愉快的旅程啊！
The mother were very pleased with her two daughters. 母亲对两位女儿很满意。
6. I wish I could avoid giving my lecture tonight,Hans,but I don't want to let my audience
down.
(1) avoid动词，意为“避免，避开”。avoid doing sth. “避免做某事”。另外，avoid
后还可接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接动词不定式作宾语。
We got up early to avoid missing the early bus. 我们早起床，以避免错过早班车。
She tried to avoid all the problems. 她尽量避开所有的麻烦。
【拓展】在英语中，有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。常见
的这类动词有finish,enjoy,mind,avoid,practise,miss,keep,suggest等。
(2) lecture可数名词，意为“讲座；演讲”。give a lecture意为“讲课；演讲”；attend
a lecture意为“听讲座”。
The scientist gave a lecture to us. 那位科学家给我们讲课了。
Did you attend the lecture on Mark Twain? 你听了那个关于马克•吐温的讲座了吗？
(3) let sb. down 意为“使/令某人失望”
She let us down badly yesterday. 昨天她让我们大失所望。
7. I know what to do...
what to do为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中作动词know的宾语。“疑问词
+动词不定式”结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
When to start is a problem. 何时动身是个难题。
The peasants taught us how to plant rice. 农民教我们怎样种稻子。
The question was where to go. 问题是去哪里？
8. I've listened to your lecture so many times that I've learnt it by heart.
so...that...意为“如此……以至于/以致……”，其中so是副词，用来修饰形容词或
副词。常见结构有：
①so+形容词/副词+that...
English is so important that we must learn it well. 英语是如此重要，我们必须学好它。
②so+many/few+可数名词复数+that...
I have made so many mistakes that I can't pass the exam.
③so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that...
I have so little money with me that I can't buy anything.
9. Now we're in trouble.
(be) in trouble意为“处于困境；倒霉”。
If he can't finish the work on time, he will be in trouble.
Don't laugh at people in trouble.
【拓展】①have trouble with... 在……方面有麻烦/问题
Maybe you will have trouble with your English, but never give up.
②have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
I have some trouble in reading her letter.
10. That's such an easy question that even my driver can answer it.
such...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，与so...that...不同的是，such是形容词，
用来修饰名词。常见结构有：
(1)such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that...=so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that...
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
=He is so clever a boy that everyone likes him.
(2)such+形容词+可数名词复数+that...
These are such difficult maths problems that I can't work them out.
(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+that.
This is such hard work that few people can finish it on time.
11. ……one of the cleverest women in the world
one of the cleverest women意为“最聪明的女人之一”，其结构为“one of+the+
形容词最高级+可数名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。
Mozart is one of the most famous musicians in the world.
12. 四花费：spend&pay&take&cost
spend
主语通常是人
①sb. spend...on sth.
②sb. spend...(in) doing sth
指花费时间或金钱
pay
主语通常是人
sb. pays for sth.
指人为某物支付金钱
take
主语通常是it
It takes sb.some time to do sth.
指花费时间
cost
主语通常是物
sth. costs (sb.) some money
指花费金钱
My elder brother spends a lot of money on books every year.
Do you usually spend all your free time (in) studying?
How much did you pay for the food?
It takes us an hour to practise playing basketball every day.
The skirt cost me 30 yuan.
13. I'll give you some advice.
advice为不可数名词，意为“建议；意见”。常用表达：
a/one piece of advice 一条建议；some advice 一些建议
【拓展】①advice的常用搭配：
give sb. some advice/give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议
ask for advice 征求意见 follow/take one's advice 接受某人的建议
②advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用
于advise sb. (not) to do sth.结构，意为“建议某人（不要）做某事”。
She advised us to wait one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。
14. Why don't you...?=Why not do...?通常用于征求意见、提建议，而不是表示疑问，
意为“你（们）为什么不做……”
Why don't you ask the policeman? =Why not ask the policeman?
【拓展】英语中表示建议的常用句型还有：
①What/How about...? ……怎么样？
What/How about going fishing?
②Would you like...? 你想要……吗？
Would you like something to drink?
③Let's...! 让我们……吧！
Let's play a game!
④You'd better... 你最好……
You'd better stay at home on such a hot day.

【语法专项】—动词不定式
动词不定式的基本含义是表示目的或是未来要发生的动作。基本结构为“to+动词原形”(to有时可以省略)。在句中除不能充当谓语外，其他成分都可充当。如：主语、表语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语等。本单元主要学习动词不定式作定语、主语和表语。
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式做定语放在它所修饰的词之后，做后置定语。不定式可与被修饰词构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系。
He is always the first（person）to come to school. （主谓关系）
她总是第一个到学校（的人）。
I'm the only man to hear the news. 我是唯一一个听到这个消息的人。（主谓关系）
I have a letter to answer. 我有封信要回。（动宾关系）

1、如果动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系且动词为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点，工具等，应有必要的介词。
He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。
The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子没有什么可担心的。
2、如果动词不定式修饰time, place, way 等，可以省略介词。
He has no place to live. 他没有地方住。
3、如果动词不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式可以用主动式，也可以用被动式。
Have you got anything to send? = Have you got anything to be send ?
你有什么东西要寄吗？

意
注

二、动词不定式作主语
　动词不定式作主语时，常常用it作形式主语，放在句子的开头；真正的主语—动词不定式短语置于句末，以避免“头重脚轻”。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
It is necessary to study hard. = To study hard is necessary. 努力学习是有必要的。
It is his duty to help the poor. = To help the poor is his duty. 帮助穷人是他的责任。
【拓展】用it代替动词不定式作主语的常考句型：
1、It + be + 形容词（+ of/ for sb.）+ to do sth
当形容词是与事物的特征有关的词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary 等，在不定式前面用for引出逻辑主语。但如果形容词是kind, nice, right, wrong, polite, rude, clever, foolish, careful, careless 等描述人的性格、品质的词时，应在不定式前用 of引出逻辑主语。
It’s very kind of you to do that. 你那样做真好。
It’s necessary for the students to do eye exercises twice a day.
2、It takes sb. some time to do sth. 本句型表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”或“某人花费多少时间做某事”。
It takes him half an hour to do his homework every day.
他每天花半个小时做他的家庭作业。
3、It + be +名词 + 动词不定式。
It was great fun to have a party there. 在那里举行聚会很有意思。
It was a great pleasure work with you. 和你们一起工作非常愉快。
三、动词不定式做表语
动词不定式常在be 动词后作表语，主语通常是dream, wish, job 等词。
Her wish is to be a teacher. = To be a teacher is her wish.
她的愿望是当一名老师。
Our job is to look after the animals. = To look after the animals is our job.
我们的工作是照顾那些动物。

Key words
n.
mind 聪明人
university 大学
seat 座位

sense 理解力
pleasure 乐事
action 情节

adj.
pale 苍白的

adv.
tonight 在今夜
exactly 精确地
v.
consider 认为
avoid 避免
trust 信任
Key phrases

sense of humour 幽默感
let...down 使......失望
by heart 能背诵
take a seat 坐下
without difficulty 轻而易举
join in 参加，加入
have no idea 丝毫不知道
(be) in trouble 处于困境
play a joke on sb 捉弄某人
turning point 转折点
a series of 一系列
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
so...that... 如此......以至于......
leave a message 留口信