专题08：完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(原题版)(新高考专用).docx

►专题08 完形填空说明文应对策略
考点难点精讲

【题型特点】
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。

【应试策略】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
（2）语法正确从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。
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优选真题演练

【2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考】
It is commonly believed that the great English____21____and poet William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. But it is impossible to know the____22____day on which he was born.
Church records show he was baptized (施洗礼) on April 26, and three days was a(an)____23____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby. Shakespeare’s date of death is ____24____ known, however: it was April 23, 1616. He was 52 and had retired to Stratford three years before.
Although few plays have been performed or analyzed as____25____as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote, there are few surviving____26____about his life. This ____27____ of biographical information is due primarily to his social ____28____; he was not a ____29____, but the son of a leather trader.
Shakespeare _____30_____ attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have studied Latin and read _____31_____ literature. He did not go to university and at age 18 married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his _____32_____. They had four children, including the twins, Hamnet and Judith. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare’s _____33_____ as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s.
In a million words written over 20 years, he _____34_____ the full range of human emotions and conflicts with a _____35_____ that remains sharp today. As his great contemporary the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."242
21．A．writer B．artist C．dramatist D．actor
22．A．real B．exact C．certain D．right
23．A．customary B．fixed C．traditional D．permanent
24．A．conclusively B．finally C．actually D．rarely
25．A．vividly B．extensively C．dramatically D．intensively
26．A．facts B．proves C．hints D．details
27．A．bareness B．scarcity C．amount D．abundance
28．A．rank B．wealth C．evaluation D．reputation
29．A．lord B．businessman C．celebrity D．noble
30．A．indeed B．probably C．surely D．truly
31．A．classical B．comedic C．tragic D．ancient
32．A．wife B．junior C．senior D．sister
33．A．ambition B．development C．shift D．emergence
34．A．captured B．possessed C．gripped D．clenched
35．A．level B．pen C．precision D．method

【2022年浙江省二模】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
China’s cultural relic protection has made progress, but many problems still exist and need to be solved. China has made over 30 ____31____ based on the law of cultural relic protection.
China has also ____32____ four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection and investment in cultural relic protection has also ____33____.
Statistics show that from 2000 to 2005 when China carried out its 10th Five­Year Development Plan, total investment in the field ____34____ 7.889 billion yuan. With financial support from government, China also started a nationwide campaign to search and ____35____ cultural relics in 2003.
China has so far included a total of 2,351 cultural relic sites and 518 intangible (无形的) cultural relics on the ____36____ of national protected items. Recovery and protection have been ____37____ on important cultural relic sites such as the Potala Palace in Tibet and the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Chinese museums have developed well in recent years. China has more than 2,300 museums that ____38____ about 150 million people annually.
However, cultural relics in China now face great ____39____. Many historic cities have been ____40____. Illegal trade and smuggling (走私) activities have not been forbidden, which has led to the loss of national treasures overseas. ____41____, many important cultural relic sites have disappeared or are hard to pass on because of too much exploration and improper use. And cultural relics ____42____ by minority ethnic groups have lost their character due to the ____43____ lifestyle of the people.
Therefore, we should keep our mind clear and take ____44____ to better protect cultural relics, and ____45____ the whole society to take part in this cause.270
31．A．reforms B．principles C．agendas D．rules
32．A．formed B．organized C．joined D．banned
33．A．improved B．increased C．promoted D．dismissed
34．A．arrived B．expected C．reached D．jumped
35．A．protect B．bless C．collapse D．reserve
36．A．list B．record C．file D．case
37．A．carried out B．laid out C．brought out D．put out
38．A．submit B．attract C．acknowledge D．satisfy
39．A．chances B．opportunities C．pressures D．challenges
40．A．missed B．disappeared C．lost D．destroyed
41．A．In summary B．What’s worse C．However D．Therefore
42．A．collected B．bought C．held D．discovered
43．A．occupied B．harmonious C．changing D．widening
44．A．notice B．turns C．advantage D．measures
45．A．encourage B．consult C．command D．assign

_____
名校好题必测

【湖北十堰市联合体2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题】
I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much. I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live. I ____21____six aerobics(有氧运动) classes a week and also tell my students about ____22____ and nutrition. As they say, “You are what you ____23____ .”
To be honest, I worry about the ____24____ that many people have today. So many people are overweight. Because they eat the ____25____ foods and they don’t do any exercise. When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find ____26____ to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!
It’s also very important to have a ____27____ diet, starting with breakfast in the morning. It’s not a good idea to ____28____ breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee. Eat as much ____29____ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables — and ____30____ not to eat too much fried food.
One ____31____ why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don’t drink enough water. You need to drink two liters(升) a day — and water ____32____ water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks.
Keeping fit is fun. However, a lot of people think it’s boring to go jogging or cycling. They just want to ____33____ their food. Well, of course, it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies ____34____ and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else. Try it, I think you’ll be ____35____!
21. A. design B. teach C. share D. choose
22. A. taste B. cooking C. health D. wealth
23. A. eat B. wear C. speak D. think
24. A. idea B. habit C. diet D. goal
25. A. cheap B. proper C. delicious D. wrong
26. A. space B. money C. time D. courage
27. A. special B. poor C. simple D. balanced
28. A. make B. miss C. get D. order
29. A. fresh B. dried C. fast D. expensive
30. A. promise B. beg C. decide D. try
31. A. reason B. excuse C. result D. opinion
32. A. means B. includes C. needs D. produces
33. A. enjoy B. show C. prepare D. research
34. A. settle down to B. are buried in C. are made of D. are used to
35. A. moved B. surprised C. troubled D. worried

【2022·江苏省如皋中学高三上学期教学质量调研】
Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ____1____by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ____2____
To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ____3____as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ____4____ that expressions like these could be synonymous.
The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different____5____ones as well. Since China is a ____6____country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ____7____, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have____8____ the employment and distribution of land.
In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a____9____between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to____10____. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the____11____and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were____12____then in China. The scholars did not actually____13____ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were____14____with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their____15____on life were essentially those of the farmer.
Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.267
1．A．conditioned B．equipped C．powered D．refreshed
2．A．traveler B．scholar C．client D．people
3．A．displayed B．confused C．translated D．symbolized
4．A．discouraging B．unconvincing C．embarrassing D．thrilling
5．A．cultural B．economic C．historical D．theoretical
6．A．continental B．dependent C．federal D．realistic
7．A．Besides B．Furthermore C．Hence D．Otherwise
8．A．shrunk from B．put pressure on C．gone about D．centered around
9．A．connection B．distinction C．foundation D．solution
10．A．commerce B．industry C．occupation D．tourism
11．A．aimless B．cautious C．last D．unemployed
12．A．ambitious B．dynamic C．fortunate D．honorable
13．A．explore B．cultivate C．investigate D．preserve
14．A．caught up B．kept up C．tied up D．put up
15．A．assessment B．impact C．concern D．outlook