2024届高中英语一轮复习(通用版)08-阅读理解之七选五.docx

08 阅读理解之七选五
七选五应对策略分析
规律1：段首设空——段落主题+承上启下
策略1：把握形似, 确定语段标题句

【典题示例】
·　　37　　  
　　Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants. However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.  
　　·Recall(回忆)your childhood memories
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
【思路分析】本题考查对段落小标题的选择。首先根据下文的另一个小标题· Recall(回忆)your childhood memories(祈使句), 可以将选择范围缩小到A项和B项之间, 再根据段落中的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. 可以发现该段主要是分析从事园艺的原因, 故选　　A　　。 
策略2：根据一致, 确定段落主题句

【典题示例】　(2021·全国乙卷·节选)
　　　　36　　, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.  
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here? ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查段落主题句。从本段中的“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”, 及“be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知本段主要谈论了走出了自己的舒适区, 或者第一次走进别人的家里, 敢于冒险, 尝试不同的食物, 和陌生人交谈。选项“B. The first step is to go exploring”符合语境。故选　B　。 
策略3：瞻前顾后, 确定段落过渡句

【典题示例】　(2021·全国甲卷·节选)
Swap, Don’t Shop!
　　You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?
　　　16　. It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.  
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。本题前段尾句问“那么, 该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的虽完好但可能有点厌倦的衣服呢? ”, 后句提到“这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服并同时开派对的最好方法”, B选项“进行衣物交换”是对前句的回答, 同时引起下文, 故选　B　。 
规律2：段中设空——“七种关系”助力解题
　　通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。考查要点有: 总分关系、解释关系、例证关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系和并列关系。有时会出现下列衔接词汇或短语结构: first, second, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what’s more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing. . . for another等, 这些词汇和短语结构在文章中起到提示逻辑关系的作用, 是解题时需要重点关注的部分。
策略1：根据总分关系确定答案

【典题示例】
　　The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 　37　We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.  
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
F. After the trip, my family became interested in camping.
【思路分析】本题考查总分关系。根据下文的描述“我们睡在帐篷里、在篝火上做饭、走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所”可知, 这次野营比较艰难, 设空处是总体评价, 后面是详细描述。故选　　C　　 。 
策略2：根据解释关系确定答案

【典题示例】　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 　40　When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.  
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查解释关系。设空前介绍法国咖啡厅常常很拥挤, 设空处“并非所有的顾客都是游客”符合语境, 空后通过设问“这些人什么时候工作呢? ”, 用回答该问题的方式来解释为什么当地人有时间享受咖啡馆生活。故选　A　。 
策略3：根据例证关系确定答案

【典题示例】　 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 　　37　　Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes, ” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.  
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查例证关系。本段句首提出观点: “可是, 这个地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”, 接下来要举例说明, 再结合空前一句讲的是“管道正常工作”, 空后一句讲的是“甚至还有小电梯”, 本句内容应该涉及房子的好处“公寓里有不错的厨房和舒适的床”, 故选　C　。 
策略4：根据转折关系确定答案

　　表示转折关系的连接词有: but但是, however/whereas然而, nevertheless仍然, 然而, 不过, nonetheless尽管如此, 依然, 然而, still还; 然而, though可是, 不过, 然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾, 不管, at any rate无论如何, 至少, in any case无论如何, 不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么, on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来, 比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则; 除此以外, not. . . but不是……而是, as well也等。
【典题示例】　(2021·浙江高考·节选)
　　“I often send postcards to family and friends. ” he says to China Daily, “but you can imagine that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it. 　　32　　 ”Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo’s hunch (直觉)paid off.  
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查转折关系。设空处前一句的句意为“过了一段时间你会发现自己收到的明信片没有发出去的多”。设空处后一句的句意为“然而, Paulo没有放弃自己的爱好, 而是采取了网络的方式”根据逻辑判断, 设空处应与其前一句构成转折关系, 意为“那完全不成问题”。故选　A　。 
策略5：根据因果关系确定答案

　　表示因果关系的连词有as a result/consequently结果, thus/therefore因此, so (such). . . that. . . 如此……以至于……等。
【典题示例】　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
　　My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 　　36　　 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.  
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【思路分析】本题考查因果关系。根据空后的句子中的So可知, 该句与设空处是因果关系。F项“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故选　F　。 
策略6：根据递进关系确定答案

　　表示递进关系的连词有: also也, 而且, further另外(地), furthermore而且, 此外, likewise同样地, 照样地; 也, 又, similarly相似地, 类似地, moreover而且, 再者, 此外, in addition另外, 加之, what’s more更重要的是, too也, 还, either也, neither两者都不, not only. . . but also不但……而且等。
【典题示例】　(2021·浙江高考·节选)
　　Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 　　34　　 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.  
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查递进关系。As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. “虽然收到一张汉语卡片很酷, 但如果你不懂汉语, 你就看不懂意思”, 而F项Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away. “同样, 如果你只会说中文, 收到一张瑞典语的卡片也会让你失去一部分乐趣”与前句构成递进关系。故选　F　。 
策略7：根据并列关系确定答案

【典题示例】　(2021·全国乙卷·节选)
　　38 What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 　　39　　.  
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here? ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查并列关系。空处与空格前的“If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. ”构成并列句中的选择关系, 并与首句中“won’t stop talking”呼应, 故E项(或者把谈话变成一个他们无话可说的话题)符合语境。故选　E　。 
规律3：段尾设空——“总结概括”+“过渡衔接”
策略1：利用主题句或总结句确定答案

【典题示例】　(2021·浙江高考·节选)
　　You’ve got mail. . . and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum. Or Africa’s Victoria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 　　31　　 
A. And that’s totally fine.
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【思路分析】本题考查段落总结句。前面提到Paulo Magalhaes 喜欢世界各地明信片的内容“罗马圆形大剧场的彩色图片, 或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布, 或者是中国的长城”, 设空处对上文进行总结“总之, 他喜欢明信片……”。故选　G　。 
策略2：利用段落过渡句确定答案

【典题示例】
　　If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 　36　  
　　The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
【思路分析】本题考查段落过渡句。文章首段是说“如果三年前有人告诉我以后大部分的周末时间都会露营, 我会放声大笑。”而设空处后面讲的是“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这注定是一次具有开创性的露营。”两段内容上有转折关系, 所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句“然而, 自从那时以来我学到了很多有关露营的知识。”故选　　D　　。 
策略3：利用补充信息句确定答案

【典题示例】
　　●Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 .  
　　B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
　　C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
【思路分析】本题考查补充信息句。本段主要讲的是: 不要把个人信息和经历告诉教授, 如果你需要延长最后期限, 只需要向教授解释处境即可。最后应该补充说明: 如果需要了解更多信息, 他们会询问的。故选　　C　　。 
规律4：词汇复现法——破解语篇衔接难题
策略1：原词复现法

【典题示例】　(2021·全国乙卷·节选)
　　And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 　　40　　. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it. ” 
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here? ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【思路分析】本题考查原词复现。根据段落主题句可知, 本段主要讲面对“other dinner-party killer: awkward silence(宴会杀手: 尴尬的沉默)”我们该怎么办。由“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”和G选项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)”中的“He or she(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原词复现)”可知G项符合语境。故选　G　。 
策略2：代词复现法

　　it可指代单数名词、不可数名词或整个句子; they或them指代复数名词; one指代单数可数名词; that指代不可数名词或句子; this指代单数名词或句子; these或those指代前句的复数名词。还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。
【典题示例】　(2021·全国乙卷·节选)
　　People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living? ”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 　　37　　, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. ” It just opens up conversation.  
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here? ”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. O