专题20-读后续写5种常用修辞手法-读后续写高分微技能-(高考新题型).docx

专题20常用5种修辞手法-读后续写高分微技能
序号
内容
Part 1
明喻(Simile)
Part 2
暗喻(Metaphor)
Part 3
拟人(Personification)
Part 4
夸张法 (hyperbole)
Part 5
平行法(Parallelism)

修辞手法(figure of speech)是根据表达需要，运用有效的语言手段来提高语言的表达效果，使语言表达具有准确性、鲜明性和生动性的语言运用方式。恰当地使用修辞手段，可以使文章更加生动，更具有表现力，蕴意丰富，引人入胜。

常用的修辞手法有：夸张(Exaggeration)、明喻(Simile)、暗喻(Metaphor)、拟人(Personification)、平行法(Parallelism)、头韵(Alliteration)、对比(Contrast)、矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)、双关(Pun)、移情(Empathy)等。对于高中生来说，最好能通过例句，结合具体的语境，体会修辞的表达效果。同时，要求学会欣赏并能模仿造句。学习和运用修辞手法，相信对高考新题型"读后续写"也有帮助。

Part I 种写作常用提分修辞之明喻

明喻Simile是一种最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系。

1) 基本构成：本体+比喻词+喻体
常见比喻词：like像；as...as 和...一样；as就像；as if/though 好像；A is to B what C is to D A对于B而言就像C对于D而言
I couldn't move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor.（描写僵住的动作）
Then suddenly, an idea, shining and new, flashed like a comet through her brain.(描写突然有想法）
A light breeze blew, swaying the tree branches and making the rays of light glimmer and dance as if there was a fairytale world hidden deep within.（描写微风）
He is as timid as a hare.（描写人物胆小）
I was like a cat on hot bricks before the interview. (描写紧张）
Harry scrambled to his feet, so happy he felt as though a large balloon was swelling inside him.哈利感到特别高兴，仿佛胸中揣着的一个气球渐渐鼓了起来，使他飘飘欲仙了。（描写高兴）
The surface of the calm lake stirred the waves, and my mood was as cheerful as a wave. 心情和浪花一样欢快。（描写高兴）
I feel like I am floating in an ocean of sadness. (描写悲伤）
She shook all over, feeling like sitting on pins and needles. 她浑身颤抖，觉得如坐针毡。（描写如坐针毡）
Ripping crystal streams stretched away into the distance from the towering bluffs like the beautiful streamers of a fairy maid.（描写瀑布）
Then, on his back, with his tail lashing and his jaws clicking, the shark plowed over the water as a speed-boat does.(描写鲨鱼）
The stars in the night sky sparkled like diamonds. (描写星空）
Clusters of stars decorated the vast sky like sparking jewels. (描写星空）
The icy wind started howling, cutting my face like a sharp knife.(描写寒风）
2) 常见例句赏析
1. The snow was as thick as a blanket.

雪像地毯一样厚。

2. Last night, I slept like a log.

昨晚我睡得像木头。

3. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 似乎是到了世界末日。

4. The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.

干旱之后土地硬得就像石头一样。

5. He wandered in to see me as if he had nothing else to do.

他遛遛达达进来看我，好像无事可做的样子。

6.Love is like the wind, you can't see it but you can feel it.

爱如风，你看不见，但你能感受到它。

7. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.

地上覆盖着樱花，这个国家似乎覆盖着粉红色的雪。

8. I couldn't move my legs. It was as if they were stuck to the floor.

我的腿动不了，就好像给固定在地板上似的。

9. He looks as though he hasn't had a square meal for months.

瞧他那样子 好像几个月没好好吃过一顿饭似的。

10. The house looks something like a castle.

那房子看上去有点像一座城堡。

(something like...有点像…)

11. Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.

读书与思想的关系就好比食物与健康的关系。(A is to B what C is D "A之于B如同C之于D")

12. Searching for one man in this big city is like looking for a needle in a haystack.

在这座大城市里寻找一个人犹如大海捞针。

13. John saw the car coming and stood still as a statue.

John看到车子过来，像石像一样站着一动不动。

14. My mother's kitchen was like a holy place: you couldn't wear your shoes, you had to sit there at a certain time, and occasionally we'd pray.

我妈的厨房像一个圣地：你不能穿鞋，你必须在某一个时候坐在那里，偶而我们会祈祷。

15.A room without books is like a body without a soul.

没有书的房间，如同没有灵魂的躯体。

16. The clouds were like ice-cream castles in the sky.

云朵就像是天空中的冰激凌城堡。

17. Kyle looked at the test with a stare as blank as his notebook.

Kyle茫然地看着试卷，头脑如同笔记本一样的空白。

18. Then like a cold wave on a shore, comes silence and she sings no more.

然后沉默如同海滩上的寒潮般袭来，她不再唱歌。

19. As in depths of many seas, my heart was drowned in memories.

如同在大海深处，我的心里沉溺于回忆之中。

20. He sits there staring at the blank screen like a ghost searching for his reflection.

他坐在那里，盯着空白的屏幕，像是一个鬼魂在寻找他的影子。

21. He moved like lightening before the police came.

还没等警察到来，他像闪电一样地跑了。

22.She hung her head like a dying flower.

她像是一朵枯萎的花低着头。

23. A house without books is like a room without windows.

没有书的房子，如同没有窗户的房间。

24.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

整个这件事我记得很清楚，就仿佛是昨天发生似的。

25. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.

人生如同骑自行车，要保持平衡你要不断向前。

26. A mind is like a parachute. It doesn't work if it is not open.

思想如同降落伞，如果不打开就不起作用。

27. Life is like an onion; you peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.

人生如同洋葱，你一次剥一层，有时你会流泪。

28. Food is to the body as fuel is to the engine.

食物之于身体，如同燃料之于发动机。

29. The travellers have fallen in love with local produce. They cannot believe that the tomatoes are as big as apples, and the apples look like the size of baseballs.

旅行者们已经爱上了的当地特产。他们不敢相信蕃茄大如苹果，而苹果看起来像棒球一樣大。

30. Gwen often becomes green with envy whenever her classmates receive better grades or awards for outstanding achievements, and she would turn into a green-eyed monster.

每当她的同学们得到更好的成绩或领取杰出成就的奖，Gwen是嫉妒到脸都发绿，俨然变成一双绿眼怪兽了(表示非常嫉妒)!
Part II 暗喻
Metaphor也是也叫隐喻，是简缩了的明喻，但不用比喻词like或as作对比，是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物，通过比较形成，从而更生动，更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力。
1）基本结构：本体 是 喻体。
名词型暗喻
Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders.(描写肖像）

I was, inwardly, all white flag. (描写妥协）

Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. (描写笑的作用）

Kindness is a golden chain by which society is bound. (描写善良的作用）

动词型暗喻

I felt a lump in my throat, tears welling up in my eyes. (描写伤心）

The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it. (描写饥饿时吃东西）

He melted into tears. (描写感动落泪）

A heavy silence blanketed the room. (描写沉默寂静）

The ghostly winter silence had given way to the great spring murmur of wakening life.(描写万物复苏）

My heart was pumping. (心脏怦怦直跳）

2）常见例句赏析
1. Time is money.

2. The stars are sparkling diamonds.

3. The curtain of night fell upon us.

4. Life is a journey.

5. Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.

6. Books are the keys to your imagination.

7. Spending too much time with him is worse than swimming in a sea of sharks.

8. Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders.

9. I'm drowning in a sea of grief.

10. The typical teenage boy's room is a disaster area.

11. She's going through a rollercoaster of emotions.

12. Kathy arrived at the grocery store with an army of children.

13. You light up my life.

14. I was lost in a sea of nameless faces.

15. Life contains nothing but clear skies up ahead.

16. My heart swelled with a sea of tears.

17. The clouds sailed across the sky.

18. Today's lecture gave me a lot of food for thought.

19. Laughter is the music of the soul.

20. A blanket of snow covered the ground.

22. The teacher planted the seeds of wisdom.

23. Books are the mirrors of the soul.

24. Eyes are windows to the soul.

25. Let us be grateful to people who make us happy, they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.

26. The skies of his future began to darken.

27. Laughter is the best medicine.

28. Her voice is music to his ears.

Part III 拟人(Personification)

拟人Personification也是一种比喻，就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动，形象，更有感染力。
例：
1. The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. (描写微风）

2. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. (描写黑暗环境）

3. The drizzle kissed me on my cheeks gently. （描写细雨）

4. The leaves of trees whispered quietly. (描写抖动的树叶）

5. Courage deserted him. (描写失去勇气）

6. Excitement deprived me of all power of speech. (描写激动地说不出话）

7. White and black smoke rose up in steady columns, magic within the dark air.

8. Despair enveloped Steve and Zach.绝望笼罩着史蒂夫和扎克。

9. Freezing winter marched into the village. (描写寒冬）

2）常见例句赏析
1. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.

2. The first rays of morning tiptoed (踮着脚走ˈtɪptəʊ) through the meadow.

3. She did not realize that opportunity was knocking at her door.

4. He did not realize that his last chance was walking out the door.

5. The river swallowed the earth as the water continued to rise higher and higher.

6. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.

7. Time flew and before we knew it, it was time for me to go home.

8. The moon winked at me through the clouds above.

9. The ocean danced in the moonlight.

10. The words appeared to leap off of the paper as she read the story.

11. While making my way to my car, it appeared to smile at me mischievously(淘气地ˈmɪstʃɪvəslɪ).

12. The news took me by surprise.

13. The fire ran wild.

14. The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.

15. The storm attacked the town with great rage.

16. I could hear Hawaii calling my name.

17. The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.

18. The fire swallowed the entire forest.

19. The flowers were blooming, and the bees kissed them every now and then.

20. It was early morning--I met a cat yawning and stretching in the street.

21. The skyscraper was so tall that it seemed to kiss the sky.

22. His car suffered a severe stroke in the middle of the road, and refused to move forward.

23. New York is the city that never sleeps.

24. The sunflowers nodded in the wind.

25. The brown grass was begging for water.

26. The candle flame danced in the dark.

27. He sang a lonely song to the moonlight.

28. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.

29. Money is the only friend that I can count on.

30. My stomach was punishing me for not eating on time.

31. You make my heart skip a beat!

32. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.

33. The wildfire ran through the forest at an amazing speed.

34. Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.

35. It was quiet now, the thunder had grumbled (隆隆响ˈgrʌmbl) away to the west.

36. The moon played hide and seek (捉迷藏)with the clouds.

37. My alarm clock yells at me every morning.

38. The wind howled (吼叫haʊl) in the night.

39. The curtains danced in the breeze.

40. The tree branch scratched and clawed at my windowsill, trying to break into the house.

Part VI夸张
夸张法 (hyperbolehaɪˈpɜ:bəli) 就是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。

1) 数词表示

He had given his last ounce of strength to swim towards the shore.（描写努力）

A flood of fear welled up in him. 他心中涌起一阵恐惧。（描写恐惧）

She regretted with tons of anxiety, and the became sleep with shining tears in her eyes.

2) 用动词/名词/形容词/副词表示

I almost laughed my head off. (描写大笑）

He nearly exploded with indignation. (描写特别生气）

Rooted to the ground, he could only stammer out some broken sentences with a tied tongue.(描写紧张说不出话）

Staring at the shining dime in his palm, Bob grinned from ear to ear, with his eyes beaming with joy.（描写高兴大笑）

Hearing this, he split his sides with laughter. （描写高兴大笑）

He was walking on air. (描写高兴）

On the stage, he found scores of arrows piercing her chest. (描写痛苦难受）

He cried his heart out on hearing the tragic news.听到这个噩耗，他哭得撕心裂肺。（描写伤心哭泣）

At the sight of the fierce wolf, I froze with terror, too scared to an inch.看到凶猛的狼，我吓得一愣一愣的，吓得寸步难行

I had butterflies in my stomach during the last minute of the basketball game.篮球比赛的最后一分钟，我紧张地不行。（描写紧张）

My heart pounded so hard that I thought my ribcage might explode.我的心扑通扑通跳得厉害，我觉得我的肋骨可能会爆炸。（描写紧张）
3）常见例句赏析
1. There's enough food in the cupboard to feed an entire army!

厨柜里有足够养活一支军队的食物。

2. I was walking along the road when suddenly this enormous dog stood in front of me. It was as big as an elephant.

我正沿着马路走着，这时一只大狗突然站在我前面。它有大象那么大。

3. My blood froze.

我的血液都凝固了。

4. I have wanted to kill myself a hundred times, but somehow I am still in love with life.

我曾上百次地想自杀，可是不知怎么的，我仍热爱生活。

5. Chris won't drive her home because she lives on the other side of the universe.

Chris不会开车送她回家，因为她坐在很远的地方。

6. When I told our father about this, his heart burst.

当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时，他的心几乎要迸出来。

7. Basketball is the only thing that ever mattered to him.

足球是唯一对他重要的事。

8.They turned into an endless street

他们转入一条看不到尽头的街道。

9. My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter's voice on the phone.

从电话里一听到我女儿的声音，我的心几乎停止跳动。

10. I was so hungry that I could eat a horse.

我很饿以致于可以吃掉一只马。

11. He was so sad that he wasdrowning in tears.

他如此伤心，泪流满面。

12. Old Mr. Johnson has been teaching here since the Stone Age.

老约翰逊先生自从石器时代就在这儿教书了。

13. It was so cold that…When the men spoke, their words froze in the air. Everything they said remained frozen all winter long and did not melt until spring.

天是如此之冷，以致于男人们说话时，他们的话在空中冻结。他们说的一切在整个冬天都冻结着，直到春天才会融化。

14. I'm dying for a cup of tea.

我很想喝杯茶。

15. I could smell the fragrance of flowers from a mile away.

一里之外我就闻到花香。

16. When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

当她听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。

Part V平行法

平行法Parallelism一般由三项或三项以上的词语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意义相关，语气连贯，使得句子流畅，富有节奏感。
1. You need to work quickly and decisively.

2. This is not only just what I wanted, but also just what I needed.

3. Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes.

4. How you live your life is more important than how many millions you have.

5. To survive you need: water, food and shelter.

6. Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy.

7. Nancy read a book while Joe watched television.

8. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.

9. For success in life, one needs to pursue his goal with determination and perseverance.

10. To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.

11. Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe.

12. My face is washed, my hair is combed and my teeth are brushed.

13. You may respond by calling, visiting or e-mailing.

14. He likes television shows that have deep characters, interesting stories and good actors.

15. My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country

16.The political leader said, "The present government has ruined the economy; it has ruined the education system; and it has ruined the health system of our country."

17. The president promised to reform health care, preserve social security, and a balanced budget.

18. I have to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn't know the English for.

19. The movie was thrilling, exciting, and suspenseful (悬疑的səs'pensfəl).

20. My parents did not approve of what I did nor what I said.

21. Olympic athletes usually like to practice, compete, and eat ice cream sandwiches.

22. What counts isn't how you look but how you behave.