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1、阅读理解题文同义转换词汇 在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义转换。这也是高考阅读理解设题的常用手法之一！如2021年全国乙卷第32题，正确选项中用concentrate代替了原文中的focus；2020年全国I卷第33题，正确选项中用lack替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对口语、阅读和写作，以及解答其他题，都是非常有益的。因此，此专题是考生拔尖的良师益友！大家万不可错过！ 同一意思 多种表达 同一意思 多
2、种表达 充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with 少数 a minority of, a small number of 区分 distinguish/tell A from B 打扰 cause trouble to, bother, disturb 亲自 personally, in person 描述 describe, give a description of 只有 only, nobody/nothing but 后来 afterwards, after that,
3、 later on 出版 come out, be published 缺席 be absent from, be not present at 尤其 particularly, in particular 目前 nowadays, at present, at the present time 锻炼 exercise, work out 宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public 谋生 make/earn a living 重要 count, matter, be important, be of
4、 importance, significant, vital, crucial 代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of 担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about 结合 combine, mix sth up 提到 mention, refer to, talk about/of 前进 advance, move forward 偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/ accident/coincidence, casually, oc
5、casionally 舒适 comfortable, at ease 展览着 on show/display/exhibition 十年 decade, ten years 勇敢(去做) be brave to, have courage to 两周 fortnight, two weeks 违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law 二十 score, twenty 满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need 十二 dozen, twelve 离开，放弃 abandon, go away
6、from, leave , give up 成人 adult, grown-up 信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in 删除 delete, cut out 农村/城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas 下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce 劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do 移走 remove, take away 劝某人
7、不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do 吸收 absorb, take in 取消 cancel, call off 与……一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with 进入 enter, come/go into 把……分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth 逃跑 escape, run away 用……替换 replace…with, use…as an alternative to… 算出 calculate
8、 figure out 回答 answer, reply to 开始存在 appear, come into being, come into existence 收割 harvest, gather, get in 除……之外 besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from 抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist, reject 制定计划 make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan 相对立 contradict, be opposi
9、te to 与……不同 differ from, be different from, vary from…to… 代替 replace, take the place of 防止疾病 protect…from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness 背诵 recite, learn…by heart 用完某物 run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up 害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of 方式，方法 way, solution, approach, me
10、thod, means 退(学) quit, drop out of (school) 情况良好 in a good condition, in a good state/situation 推迟 delay, postpone, put off 置若罔闻 turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to 去拿来 fetch, go and bring back 高兴起来 cheer up, become happy 相匹配 match, go with 全世界 all over/around the world, internat
11、ionally, worldwide, globally 精力充沛 energetic, full of energy 重力 gravity, the pull of the earth 乱七八糟 in a mess, in disorder 怒视 glare at, look at sth angrily 气喘吁吁 breathless, out of breath 平静的 clam, not excited 做出决定 determine, decide, make a decision 抽象的 abstract, not specific 对……有害
12、do harm to, be harmful to 积极的 active, not passive 相似，相像 resemble, be like, be similar to 残酷地 cruelly, with mercy 低语，耳语 whisper, speak in a low voice 复杂的 complicated, not simple, complex 寻找，追求 seek, look/search/hunt for 人造的 artificial, man-made 茫然，困惑 at a loss, puzzled/confused 故意地
13、deliberately, on purpose, purposely 取笑，逗弄 tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse 再一次 again, once more, once again, over and over again 提高，改善 improve, make/become better 独自地 alone, by oneself 庆祝 celebrate, hold a celebration 有危险 in danger, at risk 长胖 put on / gain weight, grow fat 占比例 ac
14、count for, make up 熟悉 know…well, be familiar with 青少年 adolescent, teenager 处理 handle, settle, deal with, cope with 看医生 go to see / consult a doctor 到处 everywhere, here and there 更喜欢 prefer sth, like sth better (使)加速 accelerate, speed up, quicken 使生气 annoy sb, make sb angry 值得，应得 de
15、serve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth 报道此事 cover/report the event 把某物分配给某人 allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb 很多，很 a lot (of), a great deal (of) 保证，确保 ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain 影响交通 hold up / block the traffic 一年一次的 annual, yearly, every year 澄清，阐明 clarify, ma
16、ke sth clear 可进入/接近的 be accessible, be easy to enter/reach/use 可得到的 be available, be easily got 使能做某事 enable sb to do, make sb able to do 吸引某人 interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention 宁做A不做B do A rather than do B, do A instead of (doing) B 无论如何 anyhow, anyway, in
17、any way 出国 go abroad, go to a foreign country 在……后面 behind, at the back of 控告某人犯有 accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth 无论什么 whatever, no matter what 成功做某事 manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth 使某人高兴 cheer sb up, make sb happy 突然笑起来 burst into laughter, burst out laughing 雇用某人 employ
18、/hire sb, take sb on 不理，忽视 ignore, overlook, pay no attention to 受欢迎的 be popular, be well received 挨饿，饿死 starve, go hungry, die from hunger 得出结论 conclude, draw a conclusion 充当；起……作用 act as, serve as 弄明白 figure out, find out 榜样 model, example 试验 try out, test 完成，实现 accomplish, get t
19、hrough, succeed in, complete, achieve 想法，设想 theory, idea 反对 be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of 做报告 give a presentation/talk/speech 认为 think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that 辍学，退学 drop out of school, leave school 老年人 old people, the old, senior c
20、itizens, the aged, the elderly 聪明的 clever, bright, wise, smart 旨在做 aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth 优于，胜过 have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than 对某人生气 get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb 有机会使用/做 have access to s
21、th, have the chance of doing sth 对……全然不知 be in the dark about, know nothing about 告诉某人某事 tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth 致力于 apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to 一……就…… on doing, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, as soon as, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when
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