广州英语沪教牛津版八年级上册Unit2讲义和练习.doc

Unit 2 Numbers
1. 许下/违背诺言_____________________ 2. the rest of_____________________
3. 开始意识到_____________________ 4. A long time ago_____________________
5. 从那以后_____________________ 6. play chess_____________________
7. copy down_____________________ 8. follow one’s advice____________
9. 发生_____________________ 10. 想要做某事_____________________
11. 不但…而且…_____________________ 12. make sb do sth_____________________
13. 禁不住做某事_____________________ 14. make good use of_____________________
15. 命令某人做某事_____________________ 16. all year around_____________________

Step One Reading& Listening
1. Check some Maths problems.
【考点聚焦】
(1) check 及物动词，“检查，核实”
(2) 【拓展】 check 的相关短语
(3) check in__________ check out__________ check up___________
I will meet Jane at the station, please _________ what time she will arrive.
A. count B. choose C. check D. Catch
(2)problem 可数名词，“问题，难题”
辨析：problem 与question
problem
多指有待解决的问题，特别是疑难的问题或令人疑惑的事，人或情况。常与work out和solve 等搭配
solve the problem 解决问题
deal with the problem 处理问题
question
意思相对广泛，指需要解决或解答的具体问题。常与ask 和answer 搭配
ask questions 问问题
answer the question 回答这个问题
【拓展】
（1）have problems in doing sth. 做某事有困难
（2） _________________. 没问题。
The food safety is a serious _______ in our country. We should try to solve it.
A. subject B. program C. problem D. question
2. The king’s favourite game was chess.
【考点聚焦】
favourite “最喜欢的”，通常位于名词前作定语, 没有比较级和最高级形式，在含义上相当于________
What’s sb’s favourite... ? =_____________________?
【拓展】也可用作名词，意为“最喜欢的人或物”
This book is my favourite.
3. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.
(1)one day “某一天，有一天”
辨析：one day与some day
one day （过去）有一天，（将来）某一天，用于过去时或将来时
some day （将来）总有一天，只用于将来时

E.g. I think, my dream will come true_____________________。
E.g. ___________ the old man was very ill.
（2）challenge sb. to sth. 向某人挑战......
【拓展】challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事，激励某人做某事
[完成句子]
1. 你为什么要检查卧室呢？
Why do you ________ the bedroom?
2. 聪明的人总是能及时的解决难题。
Someone who is _______always solve the _______ in time.
3. 你想向他挑战吗？
Do you want to ________ him?
4. 这张书桌大约100厘米长
The desk about100_______ ________.

4. The King promised the old man, “ You can have any prize if you win the game. ”
（1）①promise sb. sth. =______________________.
She promised me the book.
② promise to do sth.
They promised________（come）to the party on time.
③ promise也可以作名词，make a promise意为“________________”
如： My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me.
( ) He promised ________ old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see
（2）if，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生。
如：If you ask him，he will help you. 如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。
( Part A) ( Part B)
上述的Part A为条件状语从句，Part B 为主句。从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
当从句置于主句前时，从句后就加逗号。
如：He will help you if you ask him.
【拓展】 If引导的条件状语从句
（1）引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if, 常用的if条件状语从句表示在某种条件下，某件事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。
E.g. If you ask him, he will help you.
E.g. If you have finished the homework you can go home.
（2）另外，If从句还可以表示不可能实现的条件或根本不存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。
E.g. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.
E.g. I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
另外还要注意if条件句的时态搭配有以下几种情况：
（1） if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，
e.g. If he runs, he’ll get there in time.
（2）if 从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can,
E.g. If it stops snowing, we can go out.
(3) if 从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should,
E.g. If you want to lose weight, you must/should eat less bread.
(4) if 从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时，
E.g. If you heat ice, it turns to water. （也可用will turn）
(5) if 从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时，
E.g. If you are looking for Peter, you’ll find him upstairs.
（6） if 从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时，
E.g. If you have finished dinner, I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
巧记if用法口诀：
If条件句不一般，几个要点记心间；
条件句，放在前，逗号要放句中间。
条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；
条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。

单项选择
( ) 1. If there________ no buying and selling of animals, there_______ no killing in nature.
A. is; will he B. will be; will be C. is; is D. will be; is
( ) 2. _________, I'll go shopping alone.
A. If she comes B. If she won't come C. If she doesn't come
( ) 3. The students ____ have a sports meeting this weekend if it _____.
A. won’t; rains B. will; rains C. won’t; will rain D. are going to; is going to rain
( ) 4. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time
A. will go B. went C. go D. going
( ) 5. –What are you going to do tomorrow?
--We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.
A. isn’t rain B. rain C. won’t rain D. doesn’t rain
( ) 6. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit?
A. go B. went C. going D. will go
( ) 7. If I eat ____ food, I’ll be very fat.
A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too
( ) 8. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming D. came
5... And then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.
rest 此处用作名词，“剩余部分”，the rest 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要视作具体情况而定，如果所指代的为可数名词，则视为复数；如果所指代的为不可数名词，则视为单数。
the rest of... “...... 的剩余部分”，作主语时谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词形式。
One of the books ______written in Chinese, and the rest _______in English.
The rest of the money________ donated to charities.
6. Would’t you like gold or silver instead?难道你不想要金子或银子代替？
instead副词意为“代替；顶替”。
She is very busy. Let’s go________.
I’ll read newspapers __________seeing a film.
辨析：instead 与instead of
instead 副词，代替，顶替，相反 ，位于名首或句末
instead of 介词短语，“代替，而不是”，后接名词，代词或动名词 instead of doing sth. 代替做某事

7. …he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares!
（1）enough此处用作形容词，意为“___________”。可接可数名词或不可数名词。它放到名词前面或后面都可以。常用结构为：be(not)+形容词+enough to do sth意为“______________”。
He doesn’t have______________________ to finish the work.
他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。
（2）enough做副词时，意为“足够地，十分”，通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。
E.g. The boy is ___________to lift the box.
这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。

8. I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice, „
（1）advice不可数名词，意为“建议”。
表示“一条建议”用a/one piece of advice, 表示一些建议用_______________
E.g. I’ll give you ___________on how to look after your pet dog.
【拓展】:（1）advice的常用搭配：
Give sb. Some advice=__________________给某人一些建议
ask for advice征求意见 __________________接受某人的建议
（2） advise动词，意为“建议”，后接名词. 代词或v. -ing形式作宾语，
也可用于advice sb. (not)to do sth. 结构，意为“建议某人不要做某事”。
She advice us to wait (for) one more day.
例题
1. ( ) If our government________ pay attention to the safety of food, our health______ in danger.
A. isn’t; is B. doesn’t; will be C. won’t; is D. isn’t; will be
2. ( ) My brother want to__________ his classmate to a computer game.
A. Is challenge B. challenge to C. challenge with D. challenge
3. ( ) Would you ___________some bread?
A. likes B. like to C likes to D. like
4 ( ) I will read newspapers ______ ______ seeing a film.
A. instead B. instead of C. no only D. not to
5. ( ) The dining hall is___________ to hold 300 people.
A. enough B. enough small C. small enough D. big enough
6. ( ) I don’t know how to keep healthy, can you give me__________?
A. an advice B. lots of advices C. a few advices D. some advice

9. From then on he was not lazy any more.
Not... Any more 相当于________, “不再”，但两者位置不同，not... any more中not常与助动词或情态动词连用，any more位于句末；no more则位于助动词后，实义动词前
辨析：not... any more / no more 与not... any longer/ no longer

not... any more / no more 多表示数量或程度上“不再”，修饰的动词一般为非延续性动词，表示动作不再发生
not ...any longer/ no longer 多表示在时间或距离上“不再”，修饰的动词一般为延续性动词，表示动作不再延续

I won’t play computer games any more. = I ________________computer games.
She ________live here___________. = She no longer lives here.

10. Where the story took place.
辨析：take place 与happen 均表“发生”，___________语态。
take place 表示“发生，举行”，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生有某种原因或事先的安排
happen 表示“发生，碰巧”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，没有预见性

An accident __________in that street.
When will the basketball game_____________?

一. 首字母填空
1 What’s your telephone n_______?
2 I am a boy. I am my parents’ s_______.
3 Mary isn’t in the classroom. Let’s ask Jenny i__________.
4 He seldom r______ to the e mails his friends send him.
5 Can you play c___________?
6 Yesterday, he _______(挑战)me to play that game.
7 Tommy _______(承诺) that he would go to school earlier the next day.
8 My teacher told me that we used g__________ to make flour.
9 Xuhaifeng won a g_______ medal in shooting in the 1984 Olympics.
10 Mr. Wu____________(命令) Simon to close the windows before the storm came.
二. 单项选择
1. ( ) 8, 730, 326__________ a large (大的)number.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. ( ) The number 366 writes ____________.
A. three hundreds and sixty six B. three hundred and sixty six
C. three hundred and sixty-sux D. three hundred and sixty-six
3. ( ) My father and I like to __________ very much.
A. playing the chess B. play chess
C. playing chess D. play the chess
4. ( ) “I can’t write the words in an hour, ” he replied __________ me.
A. / B. to C. for D. of
5. ( ) He ordered the soldier ____________ outside.
A. to stand B. standing C. to standing D. stand
三. 完成句子
1. 你比大部分孩子都幸运些，我希望你意识到这一点。
You are luckier than most children, and I hope __________ __________ _________.
2. 当我们打网球时，你们其余的人做什么呢？
While we are playing tennis, what will ___________ _____________ __________
you do ?
3. 我喜欢读书而不是跳舞。
I enjoy reading ___________ ____________ _____________.
4. 我去过很多地方，如上海. 北京. 杭州等等。
I have been to many places, such as Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou _______ _________ __________.

11. They used them to count things like the days of the month, the amount of food and the number of animals they had.
the number of:…. 的数量(强调数目)，其后接_________________
the amount of:…的数量(强调总量)，其后多接__________名词
e.g.: the amount of snow降雪量 the amount of money钱的数量
the number of boys男孩的数量 the number of chairs 椅子的数量

12. However, the could only count small numbers in this way.
in this way
用这种方法，这样
Only in this way can we do better in English.
in the way
挡道，妨碍
Look, a car is in the way.
on the way
在路上，在途中
I met my uncle on the way to school.
by the way
顺便说一下
By the way, what time is it?

13. They often put the tokens on pieces of string so that they could carry them around easily.
so that 此处引导目的状语从句，“为的是，以便”，从句中常有can, could, may, might等情态动词。
so that 从句可以转换成in order +that 从句 或 in order to do sth. 结构
I work hard so that I could finish my work on time.
= I work hard ___________that I could finish my work on time.
= I work hard___________ finish my work on time.
【拓展】so that 也可以引导结果状语从句，“结果，因此”，该从句前常用逗号与主句隔开。
It rained heavily, so that we had to stay at home.
so that
可引导目的状语从句，“以便，为了”；也可引导结果状语从句，“结果，因此”
The little boy saved money so that he could buy his mother a present.
so... that
引导结果状语从句，“如此... 以至于... ”
The football fams were so excited that they cried out.
You’d better take the map with you ______ you won’t get lost.
A. as long as B. as soon as C. now that D. so that
例题
一. 用方框所给短语的适当形式完成句子。
different ways, at first, after that, begin to, count… things, so that, develp into, lead … to, carry around, made from
1. Some of them still live in ____________.
2. What __________ you __________ change your mind?
3. You ___________ all the ________ to find how many there are.
4. I ___________ memories of my homeland ___________ with me.
5. _____________, the words didn’t mean anything to Helen.
6. Their affair did not ____________ a lasting relationship.
7. She often has breakfast at six fifty, ______________ she goes to the factory by bus.
8. The glass is ____________ sand.
9. It ____________ snow when he came out of the warm office.
10. Miss Wang speaks aloud __________ all the students can hear her.
二. 单项选择
1. ( ) I didn’t go out on Sunday. I stayed at home ___________.
A. however B. but C. instead D. instead of
2. ( ) Long ago, people wrote numbers __________ many different ways.
A. at B. in C. with D. by
3. ( ) I found it difficult to communicate with him ___________.
A. at first B. first C. on first D. to first
4. ( ) Everything begins ___________ in spring.
A. to grow B. grow C. grows D. grew
5. ( ) What’s your sweater ___________ ?
A. made of B. make of C. make from D. made in
6. ( ) Please open the window ____________ we can breathe fresh air.
A. if B. and C. so that D. such that
7. ( ) Working hard ___________ English can lead ___________ have a good job.
A. at; in B. in; at C. in; for D. at; to
8. ( ) I phoned again and again, but there was no ____________.
A. answer B. question C. telephone D. man
三. 句型转换
1. Jenny doesn’t agree to the plan. (改为同义句)
Jenny _____________ with the plan.
2. He is too excited to do it. (改为同义句)
He is _____________ excited ____________ he ____________ do it.
3. Return my money, please. (改为否定句)
Please ____________ return my money.

Grammar
一. 基数词
（一）基数词的构成最基本的基数词如下表
（1）1-12的构成是独立的单词，无规律
（2）13-19的构成都是以-teen结尾
（3）20-90之间整十数的构成都是以-ty结尾
（4）21 ~99的两位数，在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如： 53 fifty-three
（5）101—999的三位数，由hundred加and再加两位数或末位数。如：
325 three hundred and twenty-five
（6）100可以表示为： a/one hundred 1, 000可以表示为： a/one thousand
1, 000, 000 a/one million 1, 000, 000, 000 a/ one billion
（二）基数词的用法
（1）当hundred, thousand, million, billion等和of连用，表示粗略的数目时，须用复数
如： hundreds of people数以百计的人
但如果hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数词或several时，须用单数：
six hundred people 600人
（2）表示“几十年代”或“几十岁”时，用逢十的基数词的复数。如：
in the thirties在30年代 in his fifties在他50多岁时
（3）与基数词合成的复合形容词，其中的名词用单数。如：
a three-month-old baby三个月大的婴儿 a five-year plan一个五年计划
（4）基数词可以表示年份. 时间. 电话号码和年龄等。
Her telephone number is 6840530
二. 序数词
序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾-th构成，但要注意一些特殊形式。
（一）阿拉伯数字基数词序数词序数词缩略式
1 one first 1st 2 two second 2nd 3 three third 3rd
5 five fifth 5th 8 eight eighth 8th 9 nine ninth 9th
12 twelve twelfth 12th 20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st 22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd
23 twenty-three twenty-third 23 rd
（二）序数词的用法
①作主语 e. g. The third of the month was a holiday.
注：（1）序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the ；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a 或an时,则表示“再……", “又……"。（2）序数词前有名词所有格或形容词性物主代词时，不能加the
②作表语 e. g. Who was the third?
③作定语 e. g. We live on the fifth floor.
④作宾语 e. g. I was among the first to learn of this.
⑤作同位语 e. g. Who is that man, the first in the front row?
⑥作状语 e. g. When did you first meet him?
You can do it a second time. 你可以再做一次。
National Day is on October the first
（三）特别提示
以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i, 再加-eth。
其他序数词的构成
(1)几十几及以上的序数词，其中十位数或百位数. 千位数等用基数词，只有个位数才用序数词。如： 128th: one hundred and twenty-eighth 752nd: seven hundred and fifty-second
(2)hundred, thousand, million的序数词均在基数词后加-th构成，hundredth, thousandth, millionth
三. 数词的应用
（一）倍数表示法
1. 一倍用once两倍用twice或double。
This year we have produced twice as much corn as we did last year.
S