专业八级真题篇.doc

第6篇
专业八级真题篇（1996 —2006）

1996年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
Reference version:
Visiting cards
In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasion, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship, will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Four months before the Election Day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush head quarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o’clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to design a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagan’s resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.
It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospital, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation’s economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a topflight staff, travel and television commercials. And most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government.
参考译文：
离选举日还有四个月的时间，有五个人聚集在里根·布什总部的一个小型会议室里，翻着看一张硕大无比的日历，日历上清晰地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下的日子。这是六月份的最后一个星期六的上午10时，整幢办公楼的其他部分几近人去楼空。即便如此，这几个人仍将大门紧闭，小心翼翼地拉下窗帘。三个主要人物及其二个副手从美国的不同地方汇聚在一起，召开一个殊为重要的会议。他们的目标是构思出一种策略，来确保里根能再次当选，在第二任期内再度入主白宫。
要谋求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场的退伍老兵，与里根有着千丝万缕的 漫长联系，与共和党的联系甚至更为久远。这些人深谙总统政治，一如他们熟知这个国家中的所有政治事务那样。竞选的背景十分宜人，可供大做文章的好消息俯拾皆是：美国正置身于太平盛世之中；作为选举的一个关键因素，整个国家的经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。此外，竞选本身所筹得的款项更是不计其数。用于支付一流水平的竞争班子工作人员工资、进行巡回造势、以及制作播放电视广告的钱款绰绰有余。最为重要的是，他们所推介的总统候选人是罗纳尔德· 里根（Ronald Reagan），一位风度翩翩，魅力无穷，又极具迷人沟通技巧的执政总统。与约翰·F·肯尼迪（John F. Kennedy）以来的任何一位历届总统相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅广阔的关于美国未来的前景——美国将成了一个重振军事雄风、民众富于个人进取心、联邦政府更加精简高效的国家。

1997年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
人是一个非常复杂的矛盾体。为了不受干扰地工作，常常要逃避世俗的热闹，可一旦长期陷入孤境，又感到痛苦，感到难以忍受。
一般情况下，我喜欢孤独。
我的最大爱好是沉思默想。我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享快乐是一种愉快，独自忧伤也是一种愉快。孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界。情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛往往都在孤独中产生。孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行。孤独更多地产生人生的诗情-----激昂的和感伤的。孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨。
我喜欢孤独。
但我也惧怕孤独。
Reference version:
What I like best is to emerge myself in solitary meditation. I can stay by myself for a long period without the slightest feeling of discomfort. To me, happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is sorrow tasted in private. In solitude, the mind is not blank; it remains a rich and colorful world. Solitude often induces the feeling of ecstasy or anguish, and allows the mind wandering away from logic. She inspires poetic feeling, passionate or melancholy. She also enables people to think in a more profound way and thus to have a more thorough understanding of themselves and the environment.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we？Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and the representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.
聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃 社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人
支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健
康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了
吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表
现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰
作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡
量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此
间相互传递。 

1998年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
简·奥斯丁的小说写得都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事，因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅是因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
Reference version:
But the depth of a novel and its artistic and ideological achievements can never be judged by the “significance” or “insignificance” of its subject matter. Jane Austin’s works are compared to olives — the more you chew them, the more delicious they become. This is not only because of her witty language and her original contribution to the development of the art of novel-writing, but also because of the fact that her vivid and lively narration is by no means shallow or transparent. Mrs. Smith said that women writers often attempted to rectify the existing values and order and therefore, changing people’s view as to what was important and what was not.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American Literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their won literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive over-phrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent —e.g. in painting and music— they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an “English tradition” after all.
To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, and the same books on the shelves.
Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc, I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the English man when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own — and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yield to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.
参考译文：
　　在某种程度上，我赞同我那假想中的英国读者的观点。美国文学史家或许惯于过分狭隘地看待其本国文坛，误将卓著当作独特。他们确实会用过多的笔墨来渲染其本国文学，至少，对其次要作家他们肯定会这样做。此外，美国人确实会走极端，要么咄咄逼人地大肆渲染其文学，要么进行着同样不幸的亦步亦趋式的顶礼膜拜。但反过来说，英国人自己在其文学鉴赏中也显得有些狭隘愚陋。此外，在他们并无上乘表现的领域--例如绘画与音乐，他们也会走极端，不是吹嘘他们本国的作品，就是大肆模仿欧洲大陆的作品。有多少幅英国绘画试图看上去仿佛是在巴黎完成的；但我们又有多少次曾在文章中读到它们真正代表着一种“英国式的传统”呢？ 
那么，要谈论美国文学倒并非意欲断言它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲一直同步发展，协调一致。在任何一个特定的时刻，旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例，相同款式的服饰，书架上相同的书籍。在大西洋两岸，思想如同人员与货物往来一样自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式的习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，因为欧美（尤其是英美）之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事务，这极容易使一个英国人在审视美国时大惑不解。他所审视的那个国家，从某些重要的意义上来说，诞生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几——然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些古怪的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的陌生感；亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远，这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼，结果却从这个人漠无表情的反应中发现，我们原来竟然错将生人当成了熟人。 

1999年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究的地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘坐车船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
Reference version:
During his life time, Xu Xiake visited 16 provinces, leaving his footsteps all over the country. He never took the conclusions on books for granted or blindly accepted them. As a result, he found many inaccuracies in the accounts written by his predecessors. In order to make a truthful and detailed observation of the places he visited, he seldom took to carriages or boats. In stead, he would climb over the mountains and dales and trudge long distances. In order to discover the truth of nature, he would take to the most treacherous trails in mountainous area or venture into forests seldom visited by human being. Rewardingly, he unveiled many fantastically beautiful scenes. Sometimes, he chose to return to some famous mountains in different time and season to observe the changed spectacles.   

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to nee children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.
参考译文：
在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取
祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世
俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。 此
外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：
能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为
家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女
（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成
的）缘由。
　　除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远
意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子来丰富
其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
　　孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作为一种社会体制，家庭以其特有的方式，至
少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰
藉、保障，以及价值取向。于大多数人而言，这样的一个家庭基础，即使从其表层意义上来
讲，也需要不至一个人来维持其存在，并使其世代相传，生生不息。

2000年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石，标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学，光学，电学，热学，声学，生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
Reference version:
The first generation of museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which show through fossils and specimens, the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms. Those of the second generation are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements made in various periods of the industrial ages. These two types of museums, while functioning as disseminators of scientific knowledge, treat their audience as mere viewers.
The third generation museums are full of new concepts. Visitors may try their hands on the exhibits and study them carefully on their own, which makes them better understand the advanced technologies and helps them in their quest for what is still unknown to science.

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken.
History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue。
参考译文：
如果人们提起“早逝”时有所指说，那么他们必定认为一些人的死亡比另外一些人的死亡更合时宜。因年事已高而去世很少被认为是早逝――长寿往往被认为是完整的生命。但对于一个英年早逝的年轻人，人们总认为辉煌的岁月还在后头，因而对他一生的评价尚待时日。
然而，历史并非如此，在那些英年早逝的人们中，人们会想起玛丽莲·梦露，詹姆斯·迪恩，他们的生命虽然十分短暂，但却同样十分完整。诗人约翰·济慈26岁便离开人世，作家们无法忍受这一事实，因而一过了（26岁）这个年纪，他们便戏谑地称自己的一生已经失败了。短暂的一生是不圆满的一生，这种观点荒谬无理，对生命的评价在乎它对这个世界的影响，在乎它是否奋斗不止，是否立德于世。

2001年考题：
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两个爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方人都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的，给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引人的人自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，而对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”
Reference version:
Qiaoyu in his senior years enjoys fishing. He says, “The places with