江苏省南通市七年级英语下册 教师辅导讲义 任务型阅读 牛津版-牛津版初中七年级下册英语教案.doc

任务型阅读
教学内容

与选择型的阅读理解相比，回答问题型的任务型阅读不仅考查受测者理解、获取信息的能力，而且还要能准确地表达自己对文章的理解，把文本信息通过归纳整合转换为能回答所提问题的信息，能较为真实的反映出受测者的综合语言运用能力，同时通过回答问题，还可以考查出选择性题型不太好体现的情感态度、文化意识。
此类阅读题目的问题多为特殊疑问句。问题的内容小到一个词的词义，大到概述故事的大意；可以提问一件事，也可以推断作者的意图，评价作品的内容。问题可以是单一问题，也可以是综合性问题或发挥性问题。做回答问题型的阅读理解需要把握一些细节事实，如who，when，where，which，what等事实。建议采用逆读查找法，即先看题目，通过题目了解文章大意，再看短文，有目的地突破细节。仔细阅读后面的题目要求，根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。总之，这类题型要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力。
问答型任务型阅读题主要的答题策略有：
（1）根据问题，在文中找问题的原型。细读短文，在文中找到能够回答问题的句子。
（2）变通原句，注意句子的时态。在短文中找到答案所在的句子后，要根据问题的时态、人称等，对原来的句子做一些变通，最后确定问题的答案。
（3）检查句子的结构及书写。最后写完句子后，检查一下有无语法错误或大小写的错误。
判断正误型“任务型阅读”。这类题型考查学生的分析、理解、应用、归纳和判断能力，根据文章内容对所给题干判断正误。这类题型的题干与原文差别很小，如不细心或理解稍有偏颇就会判断错误。
判断正误题主要考查对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类文章比较直接，难度相对较小。
阅读判断题目可粗略地概括为三个部分：对文章内容的推断；对作者主观因素的推断；对其他方面的推断，包括文章的出处、上下文、写作方法以及作者的职业和喜好等。对作者主观因素的推断，这类题目一般需要考生综合考虑全文内容及其主题，作出针对性的推理，得出合理的结论。部分题目也会考查作者对文中某一问题或论述的看法对文章的出处、上下文、写作方法和作者的职业、喜好的推断，这类题需要重点了解短文首尾部分的内容，了解其要点或未尽事宜；同时留意短文的展开方式是归纳还是演绎，便于了解前后可能的内容。也有可能就写作方式或表达手法本身进行提问；另外作者的职业喜好也可能出现在提问情形之列；这考查的是学生对文章更高程度上的理解，但需综合全局有针对性地答题，也不是太难。
判断正误型“任务型阅读”主要的解题策略有：
（1）仔细读问题。仔细阅读文章后面的“问题”，把握每个待定“问题”的含义。
（2） 带着问题，快速阅读短文。然后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，把握文章大意，明确作者的观点和态度，寻找所需要的信息。
（3）寻读答案。通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的词句或段落，从中找到判断的依据，对“问题”进行是非判断，不能凭想象和想当然。对一些似是而非的句子，一定要认真识别，只有完全符合文章意思的方可判定为正确。对那些意思基本相符，却仍有一点不符合的应判定为错误
【例1】
A TV program has become popular in China recently. It has made people all over China become interested in writing Chinese characters(汉字).
The increasing use of computers and smart phones has left most young people hardly able to write by hand. Many of them are even unable to remember the 10,000 characters used in daily life without electronic help.
CCTV started the Chinese Character Dictation Competition to improve the population’s handwriting skills. Contestants（参与者）on the show were school pupils, but it was found that 70 % of adults in the audience（观众）were unable to remember how to write the word “chan chu”.
Because computers allow people to type characters simply by entering pinyin, they don’t need to remember how to write them. “The keyboard age has had a big influence on the handwriting of Chinese characters.”Guan Zhengwen, who designed and directed the show said.
He added that he hoped to encourage people to keep it alive as an art form.
Hao Mingjian, an editor of a magazine, putting his heart into Chinese characters, said,“Learning Chinese characters goes on throughout your life. If you stop using them for a long time, it is very likely that you will forget them.”
Answer the questions according to the passage.
【小题1】 Are Chinese people interested in writing Chinese characters now?
【小题2】 What has left most young people hardly able to write by hand?
【小题3】 Why did CCTV start the Chinese Character Dictation Competition?
【小题4】 How do computers allow people to type characters simply?
【小题5】What can you learn from the passage?
【答案】
【小题1】Yes, they are.
【小题2】The increasing use of computers and smart phones.
【小题3】Because it/they wanted to improve the population’s handwriting skills.
/ To improve the population’s handwriting skills.
【小题4】By entering pinyin.
【小题5】It’s important/necessary to have/make/let young Chinese know the importance of writing Chinese words.
/Computers have a big influence on the handwriting of Chinese characters.
/We /Young people must learn to write Chinese characters.
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了中央电视台举办了中国汉字听写比赛，这引起了中国人的对汉字书写的极大兴趣。随着电脑和智能手机的使用，很多人不会用手来写汉字了，所以为了引起人们对汉字书写的重视，而举办了这个节目。

阅读下文并回答问题。
Some time ago, an old businessman had a large store in Boston. He wanted a boy to work for him, and he put an advertisement in the newspaper. The next morning, many boys came to the old man’s office, asking for the job.
There was a post（柱子）by his desk, and there was a nail（钉子）in it. He took a walking-stick and said, “Everyone has three chances. If anyone can hit the nail on the head with this stick more than once, I will give him the job. ”
The boy thought it was very easy. They all tried, but nobody could make it. So the old man said, “I’m sorry I can’t take any of you. ” And they left.
He kept the advertisement in the papers, and the next morning many more boys came, and among them he saw a thin boy who had been there the day before. The boy hit the nail successfully for three times. The old man felt surprised and asked how he did that.
“Yes,” said the boy, “I failed yesterday, but I thought that if I kept on trying a while, I could do it. So I went home and practiced hitting a nail with a stick till I could do it, and I got up very early this morning, and tried again. ”
The old man said, “You are the boy for me,” and gave him the job. Whatever the boy had to do, he tried to do his best. It was not very long before he became the best clerk in the store.
【小题1】Did the thin boy get the job at last?
___________________________________________________________
【小题2】What did the old man have in Boston?
___________________________________________________________
【小题3】Where did the boy practice hitting a nail?
______________________
【答案】
【小题1】Yes， he did.
【小题2】A large store.
【小题3】At home. /In his home.
【解析】
试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了一个老人想找一个小男孩为他工作，就想法来考验这些孩子们。其中一个小男孩在失败之后，就在家里面多次练习，知道自己成功的用手杖击中了钉子。第二天成功地通过了老人的考验。

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