自动控制专业英语论文之单片机工作过程介绍.doc

自 动 控 制 专 业 英 语 论文

论文题目:Working Process Of The 51 Microcontroller 系 、 部： 电气与信息工程系
学生姓名： 唐正
指导教师： 李欣
专 业： 电气自动化
班 级： 电气0902班
学 号： 09400130212
完成时间： 2011年5月19日

Abstract
SCM is an integrated circuit chip, ultra-large scale integrated circuit technology is used with data processing capabilities to the central processing unit CPU random access memory RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of I / O port and interrupt system, timers / timer Other functions (and possibly the display driver circuit, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multiplexers, A / D converter circuit) into a single silicon wafer consisting of a small but complete computer system.（附图）如下：

Working Process Of The 51 Microcontroller

SCM automate the process of the task entrusted to it, that is, the process of SCM implementation procedures, that a section of the process of implementation of the directive, the so-called requirements of MCU instruction is to perform various operations in the form of the command used to write down, which is in the design instruction given to it by persons determined, a command corresponding to a basic operation; single chip can perform all the commands that the microcontroller's instruction set, different types of microcontrollers, the command system is also different. To enable a microcontroller to automate specific tasks, to solve the problem must be compiled set of instructions (these instructions must be able to identify and execute the selected MCU instructions), this series has become the program set of instructions, procedures need to pre- stored in a storage components - memory. Memory by a number of storage units (the smallest unit of storage), with just as big as the building composed of many rooms, the instruction is placed in these units, the units in the instruction and perform like big buildings out of each room is assigned to the room number only, as each memory cell must also be assigned to a unique address number, the address for the memory cell's address is known, so long as we know the address of the memory cell, to find the storage unit, which stores instruction can be removed, and then be executed. Programs are usually executed in order, so the program is also a section of the order of the instructions stored in the microcontroller in the implementation of procedures to be able to remove a section of these instructions and to perform, there must be a component to track the address where the instruction, the components is the program counter PC (included in the CPU), at the beginning of the implementation program, to the PC assigned to the program where the first instruction address, and then get the command to execute each, PC in the content will automatically increase, increase the amount determined by the length of this instruction, may be 1,2 or 3, to point to the start address of next instruction to ensure that instructions are executed sequentially. Short description microcomputer MCU MCU is a typical embedded microcontroller (Microcontroller Unit), commonly used letters of the acronym MCU MCU that it was first used in industrial control Only a single chip by the CPU chip developed from a dedicated processor. The design concept is the first by a large number of peripherals and CPU in a single chip, so that computer systems smaller, more easily integrated into the complex and demanding on the volume control device which. INTEL's Z80 is the first designed in accordance with this idea of ​​the processor, then on, the development of microcontroller and dedicated processors will split. 8-bit microcontrollers are the early or 4 bits. One of the most successful is the INTEL 8031, for simple, reliable and good performance to obtain a great deal of praise. Then developed in 8031 ​​out of the MCS51 series chip. SCM systems based on this system until now is still widely used. With the increasing demand for industrial control field, began a 16-bit microcontrollers, but because the cost is not the ideal has not been very widely used. After 90 years with the great development of consumer electronics, microcontroller technology has been a huge increase. With INTEL i960 series, especially the later series of widely used ARM, 32-bit microcontroller quickly replacing the high-end 16-bit microcontroller status and enter the mainstream market. The traditional 8-bit microcontroller performance has been a rapid increase capacity increase compared to 80 the number of times. At present, the frequency of high-end 32-bit microcontrollers has more than 300MHz, the performance catching up with the mid-90s dedicated processor, while the average model prices dropped to $ 1, the most high-end [1] model, only 10 dollars. Modern SCM systems is no longer only in the development and use of bare metal environment, a large number of dedicated embedded operating system is widely used in the full range of SCM. The handheld computers and mobile phones as the core processing of high-end microcontroller can even use a dedicated Windows and Linux operating systems. SCM is more suitable than a dedicated processor, embedded systems, so it was up to the application. In fact the number of SCM is the world's largest computer. Modern human life, almost every piece used in electronic and mechanical products will be integrated microcontroller. Mobile phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers and computer accessories such as a mouse with a 1-2 in both the microcontroller. The personal computers will have a large number of microcontrollers in the work. General car with more than 40 microcontroller, complex industrial control systems may have hundreds of even single chip at the same time work! SCM is not only far exceeds the number of PC machines and other computing the sum, even more than the number of human beings even more. Single chip, also known as single-chip microcontroller, it is not the completion of a logic function of the chip, but a computer system integrated into a chip. Equivalent to a mini-computer, and computer compared to only the lack of microcontroller I / O devices. Speaking in general terms: a single chip into a computer. Its small size, light weight, cheap, for learning, application and development of facilities provided. At the same time, learning to use the SCM is to understand the principle and structure of the computer the best choice. Microcontroller and computer use is also similar to the module, such as CPU, memory, parallel bus, the same effect as well and hard disk memory device, the difference is that the performance of these components are relatively weak in our home computer a lot, but the price is low , usually not more than 10 yuan ...... can use it to do some control a class of electrical work is not very complex is sufficient. We are now using automatic drum washing machines, exhaust hood, VCD and so on inside the home appliances can see it's shadow! ...... It is mainly used as the control part of the core components. It is an online real-time control computer, the control line is at the scene, need to have strong anti-interference ability, low cost, which is, and off-line computer (such as home PC), the main difference. Single chip
SCM is run by the program, and can be modified. Through different procedures to achieve different functions, in particular the special unique features, this is another device takes too much effort to do it, some of it is very difficult to do a great effort. A not very complex functions if the United States developed 74 series 50's or 60's CD4000 series of pure hardware to get these words the circuit must be a big PCB board! But if the United States if the successful 70 series microcontroller market, the result will be different! Just because you write by the microcontroller program can achieve high intelligence, high efficiency and high reliability! Since SCM is cost sensitive, so now the dominant software or the lowest level assembly language, it is more than binary machine code in addition to the lowest level of the language, since so low why use it? Many high-level language has reached a level of visual programming why not? The reason is simply that there is no home computer as a single chip CPU, also not as hard as the mass storage device. A visualization of small high-level language program, even if only one button, the size will reach tens of K! For the home PC's hard drive is nothing, but in terms of the microcontroller is not acceptable. SCM in the utilization of hardware resources to be very high, so the compilation of the original while still in heavy use. The same token, if the computer giant's operating system and applications run up to get the home PC, home PC, also can bear. Can be said that the twentieth century across the three "power" era, that is, the age of electricity, the electronic age and has now entered the computer age. However, such a computer, usually refers to a personal computer, PC. It consists of the host, a keyboard, monitor and other components. Another type of computer, not how most people are familiar with. This computer is smart to give various mechanical microcontroller (also known as micro-controller). As the name implies, these computer systems use only the minimum of an integrated circuit, make a simple calculation and control. Because of its small, often charged with possession of machine in the "belly" in. It is in the device, like the human mind plays a role, it is wrong, the whole device was paralyzed. Now, this single chip has a very wide field of use, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, and household appliances. Once a variety of products were using SCM, you can play the effect of product upgrades, product names often preceded by the adjective - "smart", such as washing machines and so smart. Now some factories or other technical staff engaged in amateur electronics developers out of certain products, not the circuit is too complex is a functional and easy to be too simple imitation. The reason may be not used in the product card microcontroller or other programmable logic devices.