九年级英语Unit 1 How do you study for a test(2).doc

Unit 1 How do you study for a test?(2)

I．Teaching Guide
Aims
1. Learn to talk about how to study.
2. How to give advice about study for others.
Sentence
Structure
1. How do you study for tests?
Well, I study by working with my classmates.
2. Have you ever studied with a group?
Yes, I have. I’ve learned a lot that way.
3. I’m having trouble learning English.
I can’t get the pronunciation right.
4. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
I do that sometimes. I think it helps.
Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?
Maybe you should join an English club.
5. The best way to learn new words is by reading English magazines.
Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
Memorizing the words of pop songs helps a little.
Vocabulary
flashcard, take notes, frustrating, memorize, comma, make mistakes, pronunciation, be afraid to, spoken……
Grammar
Verb+by with gerund
Tasks
Task 1. The ways of learning
Task 2. Comment on the ways of learning English.
Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English.
Task 4. Difficulty and advice
Task 5. Exchange ways of learning English
Task 6. Learn something new

II．Teaching Procedures and Tasks
Word Study
1. by
(1) “方法或手段”，意为“通过；用……的方法”。
I study fro a test by working with friends.
我通过和朋友们一起学习来参加考试。
(2) “以（某种方式）”，“通过”。
Don’t judge a man by his clothes. 不要以衣着取人。
（3） “通过……方式，传递的方式”等。
We went to Europe by water and returned by air.
我们乘船到欧洲去，坐飞机回来。
Shall I tell you the result by letter or by telephone?
我是写信还是打电话把结果告诉你？
What do you mean by that? 你是什么意思？
（4） “在身边，在手头”。
Have you got any money by you? 你身上带钱了吗？
（5） “（时间）不迟于……， 到……时为止，在……之前”。
You must hand in your homework by tomorrow afternoon.
你们最迟明天下午要交作业。
（6） “凭借；靠；用；通过”。
She made a living by working as a waitress.
她靠当侍者谋生。
（7） “由于……的结果，凭着”。
I’m sorry I took your umbrella by mistake.
对不起，我错拿了你的雨伞。
（8） “被，由”。
He is reading a novel by Lu Xun.
他在读鲁迅写的一本小说。
（9） “握（抓、拿）住（身体等的某部分）”。
The old man took the little girl by the hand.
那位老人牵着那个小女孩的手。
（10） “在……旁边，在……附近”。
There is a house by the river.
河附近有一座房子。
2. end up 结束；结尾
(1) We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.
我们（常常）兴奋地开始某些话题，但（往往）以讲汉语而结束。
(2) end n. 结局；末端；死亡
The end of the story is very interesting.
这个故事的结局非常有趣。
(3) end v. 终止，完结
He ended his talk with “Thank you!”
他用一句“谢谢你”结束了他的谈话。
(4) 与end搭配的短语：
at the end of 在……的结尾，在……的末端
at the end=in the end=at last 最后，终于
by the end of 在……之前，到……结束为止
3. afraid
(1) be afraid of + 动名词或动名词+名词/代词，这里动名词常常表示主语担心发生的事情。这些常常是无意让发生的动作。
She didn’t tell him because she was afraid of upsetting him.
她没有告诉他，因为怕他不安。
(2) be afraid +不定式，表示主语非常害怕，以至不敢采取某一动作。这些通常是有意让发生的动作。
He was afraid to jump. 他不敢跳。 （他没跳。）
(3) be afraid that…
I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.
今天晚上他恐怕不来了。
4. . Reading English magazines is the best way to learn English.
看英语杂志是最好的学习英语的方法。
Reading English magazines是动名词短语做句子的主语。

[Homework]
(1) Go over the new words and phrases.
(2) Finish SB p2 1

Task 1. The ways of learning
1. Warm up
Why do people want to study English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. Why do you want to learn English?…….How do you study English?……
2. Check the ways and add some others in activity 1a.
3. Listening: 1b, 2a, 2b
4. Look at the pictures and then talk about how they learn English.
5. Think about how you learn English.
e.g. by making vocabulary lists, by surfing the Internet, by taking notes….
I study English by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve
some difficulties. I like to study by listening to cassettes. I think it improves my listening skills. I study English by…..
6. Interview your friends about their ways of learning English.
e.g. How do you study English?
I study by listening to cassettes / studying with a group / watching TV / listening to English language music / taking part in English classes after school / getting an English tutor / reading English magazines / surfing the Internet …
Do you learn English by …?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
7. Sum up
I study English …
by getting an English tutor.

by surfing the Internet.

by asking the teacher for help.
by + doing

Task 2. Comment on the ways of learning English.
1. What ways do you think are the best ways to study English?
I think studying English by working with a group is a good way because you can ask others when you have questions. I think studying English by surfing the Internet is a bad way because you have to use a computer. I think studying English by … is … because …
2. Please ask your friends about the best way to learn English.
e.g. - -- Which way do you think is the best to study English?
--- I think talking with foreigners is the best way.
-- Why?
--- Because it can improve our spoken English and listening.
How about you?
--- I don’t think so. I think …ing is the best one because …

3. Sum up
V+ing
Memorizing the words of pop songs helped a little.
He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
1.V-ing （动名词）做主语
2.谓语的单复数
e.g. Studying English is very important.
Listening more improves listening skills.
Eating too much can make us fat.
Eating well and sleeping well help us study well.
Eating too much can make us fat.
Eating well and sleeping well help us study well.

Task3: Find some suitable ways of learning English.
1. Game. Review the ways of learning English.
Ask the students to complete the sentences.
(1) In our school, most students memorize new words by ___________.
(2) _________is a good way to practice speaking English.
(3) About 60% of the students improve their listening by ___________.
(4) Almost all the students think it is necessary to _____________when they learn English because they can help each other.
(5) ……
2. Listening
(1) Why does the speaker suggest singing English songs? （A）
A. It’s one way to learn English words.
B. Singing is fun.
C. He learned English through songs.
(2) What doesn’t he agree with? （C）
a) Listening to language programs.
b) Using good English words in writing.
c) Reciting a lot of English words every day.
(3) How many questions did the speaker answer? (B)
A. Three B. Four Five.
Tapescript:
I think you are asking very good questions on how to learn English. I will take each one in turn.
Listening to English songs is fine, but I think singing them is even better.
As young people, you can even start singing groups and do a few public performances. I’m sure you will learn a lot of useful English words from the songs. Meanwhile, singing makes learning English fun.
The next question is about speaking English. I think talking does not just improve your spoken English, but it can help all your language skills. When you speak English, you practice using the words and sentences to express your idea
The same thing with listening---just make sure that you listen to is not too difficult. For example, don’t listen to language programs that are made for native speakers. If you are a middle school student, find a program that is made for middle school students.
Some students asked if it is a good idea to recite 20 words a day. I don’t think that can help much. If I were you, I would use those words in sentence. By putting the words into two or three sentences and saying and writing the sentences several times, you would make the word part of your own vocabulary.
3. Section A reading 3a. Read the article and complete the chart.
4. Find some suitable ways of learning English.
e.g. •I think I can study English by listening to English songs because I love music too.
•I don’t think I can study English by getting an English tutor because I want to learn by myself.
•I ( don’t ) think I can study English by …, because …

Task 4. Difficulty and advice
1. Listen and write down Mary’s advice.

Dear Kate,
I got your letter today and I’m writing back immediately. I’m sorry to hear that you’re so upset.
I don’t think it’s a good idea to have a quarrel with your parents. You must solve your problems. You’re right, mum and dad shouldn’t treat you like a child, but don’t forget ---you’re only fourteen and they worry about you. Why don’t you explain to them how you feel? Tell them you’re growing up and need more freedom. But every time you go out, you should tell them where you’re going and who you are going to be with. Then they won’t worry so much. You should also tell mum that you want to go shopping with her. I’m sure she will understand. If you show her the kind of clothes you like, she’ll buy you what you want. Take my advice and you’ll see that things aren’t as bad as you think
I really hope everything goes well. Write back and tell me.
Love
Mary

Mary’s advice
1. _______________________________________________________.

2. _______________________________________________________.

3. _______________________________________________________.

Key:
Mary’s advice
1.She should explain to them how she feels and tell them that she’s growing up and needs more freedom..

2.Every time she goes out, she should tell them where she’s going and who she is going to be with.

3.She should tell her mother that she wants to go shopping with her and show her clothes she likes.

2. What things are difficult for you? Make a list
I can’t pronounce some of the words.
I can’t…
I don’t know how to use commas.
I don’t know how to…
I make mistakes in grammar.
……
3. Give a hand
Please list three difficulties in learning English. Then ask your partner for advice.
e.g.--- I can’t pronounce some words.
What should I do?
--- I think you should listen more.
You can / may…
Why not…?
You’d better…
…
4. Give us an oral report about your partner’s difficulties and your suggestions.
e.g. I’m sorry to hear that he/she can’t …… I think he/she should listen to English cassettes or radio. It can improve his/her listening. And I think talking more with foreign teachers is also a good way. It can make him/her speak faster and faster.
I hope he/she can do better in speaking English soon.

Task 5. Exchange ways of learning English
1. Reading 3a. Ask the Ss to read 3a and write “T” or “F”.
2. Exchange ways of learning English.
Topic of Class Meeting:
Please share your good ways of learning English with others.
Ways, Feelings, Results
Write a passage about how you learn English.
e.g. It is not easy to learn English well. But good ways can always help us. As for me, I think listening more and speaking more are the most important ways. They can improve our listening and spoken English. And I study by asking teachers questions. It can help me solve some difficulties. I hope all of us can learn English well in good ways.
3. Self-check 1, 2.

Task 6. Learn something new
Ask students to collect information and write an article about how to learn to do something new.
e.g. No one knows how man learned to make words. Perhaps he began by making sounds like those make by animals. Perhaps he grunted like a pig when he lifted something heavy. Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him ----water spla-shing, bees humming, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.
The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger. Read as many books as you can. There are plenty of books written in easy language. Your dictionary is your most useful book.

Extensive reading -----How do we deal with our problems?
1. Pre-reading: Ask Ss to discuss these questions before reading:
1) Do you have any problems in your life and study?
2) Are they big or small?
3) What are they?
4) How do you often deal with them?
2. While-reading:
Check the ways of dealing with problems that are mentioned.
3. Post-reading:
Which way of dealing with problems do you think is the best? Write about a time when you dealt with a problem this way.
Think of another way of dealing with problems. Tell a partner about this.
Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking's parents lived in London where his father was undertaking research into medicine. However, London was a dangerous place during World War II and Stephen's mother was sent to the safer town of Oxford where Stephen was born. The family were soon back together living in Highgate, north London, where Stephen began his schooling.
In March 1959 Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the aim of studying natural sciences at Oxford. He was awarded a scholarship, despite(尽管) feeling that he had performed(完成) badly, and he specialized in physics in his natural sciences degree. He only made a First Class degree in 1962.
From Oxford, Hawking moved to Cambridge to take up research in general relativity and cosmology (宇宙论), a difficult area for someone with only a little mathematical background. Hawking had noticed that he was becoming rather clumsy (笨拙的) during his last year at Oxford and, when he returned home for Christmas in 1962 at the end of his first term at Cambridge, his mother persuaded him to see a doctor.
In early 1963 he spent two weeks having tests in hospital and motor neuron(神经细胞) disease was diagnosed(诊断). His condition deteriorated(恶化) quickly and the doctors predicted that he would not live long enough to complete his doctorate. However Hawking made progress with his research.
The reason that his research progressed was that he met a girl he wanted to marry and realized he had to complete his doctorate to get a job.
Between 1965 and 1970 Hawking worked on singularities(奇特) in the theory of general relativity devising new mathematical techniques to study this area of cosmology. From 1970 Hawking began to apply his previous ideas to the study of black holes.
Continuing this work on black holes, Hawking discovered in 1970 a remarkable property. Using quantum theory (量子论) and general relativity he was able to show that black holes can emit radiation(辐射). In 1971 Hawking investigated(调查) the creation of the Universe and predicted(预言) that, following the big bang(撞击), many objects would be created. In 1982 Hawking decided to write a popular book on cosmology. By 1984 he had produced a first draft