新疆石河子市第八中学九年级英语全册 Unit 9 When was it invented Reading教案 人教新目标版.doc

新疆石河子市第八中学九年级英语全册 Unit 9 When was it invented Reading教案 人教新目标版
Language goals 语言目标
1. Words && expressions 生词和短语
invent, notice, create, divide, shoot
2. Key sentences 重点句子 (P74)
The sport of basketball is a little more than a hundred years old.
Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith.
The aim of basketball is for players to try to get a ball into the “basket”.
Ability goals 能力目标
Enable the students to learn how basketball was invented.
Emotion && attitude goals 情感和态度目标
Learn the history of basketball.
Strategy goals 策略目标
Enable the students to use mindmapping strategy to remember information.
Culture awareness goals 文化意识目标
Learn about popular sports in China and America’s NBA.
Teaching important points教学重点
Help the students learn to remember information by using mind-mapping.
Teaching procedures and ways 教学过程与方式

Step I Warming Up （Section 1：P74）
Ask the students to talk about popular sports in China.
T: Do you like sports? Which sport do you like best? Which sport is the most popular in China?
S: I like sports. I like playing ball sports, especially football. I think the most popular sport in China is pingpong.
T: Now list 8 sports played in China. Rank them [1-8] in order of popularity. Write your answers in the table on P74. I’ll ask 2 students to come to the front to write down their answers on the blackboard.
Ask two students who may like playing basketball.
T: OK. Thank you. Go back to your seats. Oh, look, both of them think basketball is the most popular. Do you think so?
Ss: Yes.
T: But have you ever thought when it was invented and who it was invented by? And how did it become popular?

Step II While-reading（Section 2：P74）
Ask the students to read the passage about basketball to know the history of basketball.
T: Now let’s read the passage on P74. It will tell you a lot about the history of basketball. You can use mind-mapping to help you remember information. That is, change the information you read into a colorful “picture of words”. Because the brain recalls pictures more easily than written words.
Let the students read the passage. Several minutes later.
T: Now close your eyes. After reading this passage, do you have pictures in your mind? Think of a person named James, a ball, a basket, players, the first basketball game in history, Olympic Games, Chinese team, popular around the world, NBA ...
Let the students close their eyes and try to do mind-mapping.

Step III Post-reading（Section 3：P75）
Ask the students to complete the mind-map without referring to the text to check how much they have remembered about the passage.
T: OK, stop here. I believe all of you have a clear picture in your mind. Now please turn to page 75, complete the mind map with information from the reading.
Ask one student to come to the front to write down the answers on the hanging chart with the same map. Check the answers and correct the mistakes if any.
T: What do you think of mind-mapping? Do you find it helpful?
Ss: Yes. It makes job easier and more interesting.
T: That is an important learning strategy. Don’t forget to use it in your later lessons.
Ask the students to answer the questions of 3b without referring to the text.
T: We have finished the map but there are still 4 questions for you to answer. Please use what you remember from the mind map to answer the following questions.
Sample answers:
1. It was invented by a Canadian doctor name James Naismith, who was born in 1861.
2. Because basketball first became an Olympic event in the Berlin Olympics.

3. The aim of basketball is for players to try to get a ball into the “basket”: a net hanging from a metal hoop.
4. NBA.

Step IV Oral Practice (Section 4: P75)
Ask the students to make a list of good things and difficult things about being a basketball player.
T: How many students in our class like playing basketball?
Many boys put up their hands.
T: Good. It seems boys like playing basketball. S1, I know you are good at playing basketball. Do you dream of becoming a member of China’s national basketball team?
S1: I always dream of becoming as famous as Yao Ming one day.
T: But you have to practice hard. Now let’s make a list of good things and difficult things about being a basketball player. You may use the following structures:
It’s good to be a basketball player because ...
It’s difficult to be a basketball player because ...
Five minutes later, collect answers.
Sample answers:
1. It’s good to be a basketball player because ...
It keeps you healthy.
It can make you famous and help you make a lot of money.
It can make you loved by many people and help you make many friends.
2. It’s difficult to be a basketball player because ...
You must practice a lot to be good at it.
It takes a lot of time to play it well.
It is dangerous to play it; you may fall down and get hurt.

Step V Homework
Ask the students to read books about inventing and inventors.
T: So much for this unit. I hope you can invent things of your own. You may not be able to invent great things at the beginning. But when you grow up, I am sure you will have quite fascinating inventions.

Teaching Resources
教学资源库

1. 语法：被动语态
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
1） 被动语态的形式
被动语态由“助动词be + 实意动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气不同而变化。
Note: 被动语态没有完成进行时和将来进行时。必要时用完成时态和一般时代替。
2） 被动语态的用法：
①不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者：
Such books are written for children.
这些书是为孩子们而写的。
②动作的承受者是谈话的中心；或者既关系动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者：
The song was composed by a student.
这首歌是一位学生谱写的。
③出于修辞的需要：
He went to the country and was warmly welcomed.他去了那个国家并受到热烈欢迎。
3） 被动语态的句型结构
① 主语 + 被动动词：
Rice is grown in the south. 水稻在南方种植。
②主语 + 被动动词 + 保留宾语（或介词短语）：
I was given a book (by him).或 A book was given to me (by him). 他给了我一本书。
③主语 + 被动动词 + 主语补足语：
He will be elected our monitor.
他将被选为我们的班长。
Note:主动句中的宾补如果是省略to的不定式时，变成被动句后，作为主补的不定式必须带to:
He was seen to come this morning.
今早有人看见他来过。
④主语 + 含情态动词的被动动词：
He should be praised by the teacher.
他应该受到老师的表扬。
⑤主语 + 被动的短语动词（注意保持短语动词的整体性，不可丢掉介词或副词）：
My sister is taken care of by Grandma.
我妹妹由奶奶照看。
⑥形式主语it + 被动动词 + 主语从句：
It was suggested that we should put off the meeting. 有人建议我们推迟会议。
⑦主语 + say, consider, find, know等的被动形式 + 动词不定式：
The horse is said to run very fast.
据说那匹马跑得很快。
4） 被动语态的注意事项
①有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用语被动语态（多表示“静态”），常见的有have, cost, lack, last, own, suit, hold, fit, belong to, agree with等。
②有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义。常见的有cut, wash, write, sell, wear等。
The shirt washes well. 这件衬衫经洗。
③被动结构和系表结构的区别在于：“be+过去分词”强调动作时为被动结构；表示状态、性质、特点时为系表结构（这时不加by短语）：
The library is closed at six. （被动结构）
图书馆在6点关门。
The library is closed now. （系表结构）
图书馆已关门了。
④被动结构中的by短语：主动句的宾语是被动句的主语；主动句的主语是被动句中介词by的宾语，是动作的执行者。如果不特别需要说出动作的执行者时，就无需使用by短语。
Paper was first made in China.（无需说出动作执行者）
纸最早在中国制造。
有时不用by短语：
The room was filled with smoke.
房间里烟雾弥漫。
⑤“get + 过去分词”有时也可表示被动概念：
I got hit (=was hit) yesterday. 我昨天挨打了。
⑥被动结构的英汉互译：汉语被动结构的使用远不如英语那样广泛，因此有些句子汉语中没有“被”、“受”、“由”等词，但译成英语时却要用被动结构：
Shoes are made in this factory.
这家工厂制鞋。

2． 背景知识
Thomas Alva Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was both a scientist and inventor. Born in 1847, he couldn’t speak until he was almost four years old. He was once thought to be a boy who was not worth educating. So he dropped out of school when he was very young. In fact he was a boy full of imagination. He made great contributions to the world.
In his lifetime, Edison patented 1,093 inventions, earning him the nickname “The Wizard of Menlo Park”. The most famous of his inventions was the light bulb. Besides the light bulb, Edison developed the phonograph. He also improved the original design of the stock ticker, the telegraph, and Alexander Graham Bell’s telephone. He believed in hard work, sometimes working twenty hours a day. Edison was quoted as the saying, “Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.” In honor of this important American, electric lights in the United States were dimmed for one minute on October 21, 1931, a few days after his death.

Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), American printer, author, diplomat, philosopher and scientist who invented lightning rod was born in Boston.
A list of Benjamin Franklin’s inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests. His natural curiosity about things made him try to find ways to make them work better.
Franklin was engaged in many public projects. In 1731 he founded what was probably the first public library in America, chartered in 1742 as the Philadelphia Library. He organized the first fire company in that city and introduced methods for the improvement of street paving and lighting.
Everyone knows the story of Ben’s famous kite flight. He made important discoveries and advancements. He invented the lightning rod which protected buildings and ships from lightning damage. His invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less dangerously and with less wood. The furnace stove that he invented is called a Franklin stove.
In his old age, Ben retired from business and public service and wanted to spend his time reading and studying. He found, however, that his old age has made it difficult for him to reach books from the high shelves. Even though he had many grandchildren to help him, he invented a tool called a long arm to reach the high books. The long arm was a long wooden pole with a grasping claw at the end.
In 1747 he offered what is called the “one-fluid” theory in explanations of the two kinds of electricity, positive and negative. In recognition of his impressive scientific achievements, Franklin received honorary degrees from the University of St. Andrews and the University of Oxford. He also became a fellow of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge and, in 1753, was awarded its Copley Medal for distinguished contributions to experimental science. Franklin also exerted a great influence on education in Pennsylvania. In 1749 he wrote Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania; its publication led to the establishment in 1751 of the Philadelphia Academy, later to become the University of Pennsylvania.