中考二轮复习第3讲非谓语动词&主谓一致讲义.doc

非谓语动词&主谓一致
【知识点睛】
一、非谓语动词
（一）含义：在句子中不作谓语的动词。
（二）分类：

（三）动名词 (v-ing)
_________(吸烟) isn’t allowed here. __________语
Eating too much is bad for your health. __________语
I like playing basketball very much. __________语
Stamps are used for sending letters. _____语
His hobby is collecting stamps. (= Collecting stamps is his hobby.) __________语
She is in the reading room. __________语
We should improve our teaching methods. __________语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：_________________________________________
__________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun/trouble/difficulty/problems (in), spend (in), feel like, be used to (习惯于), consider, feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have, get, keep, help, tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage

（四）动词不定式 (to do)
____________________(说英语) is not easy for me. __________语
My dream is to be a teacher. (= To be a teacher is my dream.) __________语
What sports does he like to play? __________语
The teacher asked us to hand in homework by Friday. __________语
My mother made me play the piano all the time. __________语
Have you got anything to say? __________语
I’m sorry to hear that. __________语

I went to the library ____________________(学英语). __________语
I couldn’t decide which bag to buy yesterday. __________语
Could you please tell me how to get to school? __________语

初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：___________________________________________
__________________________________________
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

（五）分词 (现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed)
Do you know the girl standing under the tree? __________语
Do you know the boy ________________ (叫John) in your class? __________语
The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. __________语
Given another chance, I will do it better. __________语
The boy was too frightened to move. __________语
The movie was so exciting. __________语
Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. __________语
I heard him singing in the classroom. __________语
He’ll have his hair cut after school. __________语

初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：_______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

（六）既可以接不定式，又可以接动名词作宾语的动词
差异比较大： stop to do stop doing
go on to do go on doing
forget to do forget doing
remember to do remember doing
try to do try doing
regret to do regret doing
mean to do mean doing
（七）动名词(v-ing)作定语 VS 现在分词(v-ing)作定语
动名词作定语表示所修饰词的用途、所属关系等。现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语为其所修饰的词。
a reading room two walking sticks
a sleeping bag a passing ball (=a ball which is passing)
a crying boy (=a boy who is crying) a sleeping boy (= ________________________ )
（八）现在分词 VS 过去分词（了解）
1. 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义
the surprising news a surprised man
a moving film the moved people
2. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作；过去分词表示已经完成的动作
the developing country the developed country
the rising sun the risen sun
二、主谓一致（详细内容请参考附录2）

三、倒装句
初中常见的倒装句型：
（一）there be句型
There is a concert tonight.
（二）there, here, now, then等副词放句首的句子
There come the rest of the party. 剩下的人都来了。
There is the bell. 铃响了。
Here comes a bus. 来了一辆公交车。
Now comes his turn. 现在轮到他了。
Then came the day of her examination. 这时她考试的日子到了。
（三）由so, neither, nor引导的句子
“so/nor/neither +情/助/系+主语”意为：“某人也(不)是(如此)”
—Tom works hard.
—So does Lily. (莉莉也是。)
—Tom doesn’t work hard.
—Neither does Lily / Nor does Lily / (Lily neither). (莉莉也不。)
—I don’t know.
—Neither do I / Nor do I / (Me neither). (我也不知道。)

对比：“so +主语+情/助/系”意为：“是的，的确是这样”
—Tom works hard.
—So he does. (的确如此。)
【精讲精练】
一、找出下列句子中的动词，并指出其在句子中的成分
Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door

first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping

students realize how to be polite and thank others.

二、单项选择
( )1. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs ______ so that it can be reused.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting
( )2. The little boy pretended _______ when his mother came in.
A. sleeping B. asleep C. to asleep D. to be asleep
( )3. —Which dress do you like best, Madam?
—Sorry, I can’t decide _______ now.
A. to buy which one B. buy which one
C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it
( )4. —Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I’d rather _______ an hour’s walk to work than consider ______ a car.
A. take; drive B. take; to drive C. take; driving D. taking; driving
( )5. Everyone may feel time _______ very quickly when they do something interesting.
A. go by B. to go by C. went by D. goes by
( )6. —Where’s your brother now, Bob?
—I saw him ______ in the street a moment ago and I told him ______
A. playing; don’t do so B. playing; not to do so
C. play; to do so D. play; not to do so
( )7. The boy is often heard ______ in the music room. He sings very well.
A. practice singing B. to practice singing
C. practiced singing D. to practicing singing
( )8. There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn’t make himself ______.
A. heard B. hearing C. heared D. to hear
( )9. —Why don’t you go out to play, Rose?
—I’m afraid I can’t. I have much homework ______.
A. do B. does C. doing D. to do
( )10. At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat online.
A. create B. creates C. creating D. created
( )11. He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.
A. boiling B. boil C. boiled D. boils
( )12. ______ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. See D. Saw
( )13. —Do you climb mountains every day?
—Yes, ______ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape.
A. getting B. get C. got D. to get
( )14. Vocabulary is important to language learning. Therefore, you’d better try different ways you can think of ______ words and expressions.
A. remember B. to remember C. remembering D. to remembering
( )15. Do you want to be healthy? _______. Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A. Smile B. Smiling C. To smile D. Smiled
( )16. When the students were playing games on the playground, Jim suddenly stopped _______ and began to cry, so they stopped _______ what was wrong with him.
A. to play; seeing B. playing; to see
C. playing; seeing D. to play; to see
( )17. —How much ______ the pair of shoes?
—Twenty dollars ______ enough.
A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are
( )18. I don’t think the poor ______ poor.
A. are always B. is always C. always be D. will are
( )19. Sixty percent of the work _______ been done.
A. have B. is C. has D. are
( )20. An expert, together with some assistants, _______ to help in this work.
A. send B. were sent C. are sending D. was sent
( )21. What they need _______ more people.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
( )22. Neither the headmaster nor the teachers _______ take a vacation next week.
A. were going to B. is going to
C. was going to D. are going to
( )23. —My room gets very cold at night.
—_______.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
( )24. —I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.
—_______. I have to clean up my bedroom.
A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am
( )25. —You forgot your purse when you went out.
—Good heavens, _______.
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
三、填空题
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26. He promised ______________ (see) his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
27. He lost his key. It made him ___________ (stay) in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
28. She’s not strong enough _____________ (go) walking up mountains.
29. The result of the test was rather ________________ (disappoint).
30. The worker and writer ________ (be) from Beijing.

【参考答案】
【知识点睛】
一、非谓语动词
（二）分类
动名词 构成：v-ing 作用：作主语、宾语、表语、定语
动词不定式 构成：(to) do 作用：作除谓语外的任何成分
分词：现在分词；过去分词
构成：v-ing；v-ed 作用：作表语、补语、定语、状语
（三）动名词 （v-ing）
Smoking；主语；主语；宾语；宾语；表语；定语；定语
初中常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语：
finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, spend…(in),
have fun/trouble/problems (in), feel like, be/get used to (习惯于), consider…
（四）动词不定式（to do）
To speak English；主语；表语；宾语；宾语补足语；宾语补足语；后置定语；
(原因)状语；to learn English；(目的)状语；宾语补足语；宾语补足语
初中常接动词不定式作宾语的动词：
would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, pretend…
初中常接带to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
(help), tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage, invite, wish, expect…
初中常接省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
(help), let, make, have, feel, hear, listen to, observe, see, watch, notice, look at…
（五）分词（现在分词：v-ing 过去分词：v-ed）
后置定语；called/named John；后置定语；状语；状语；表语；表语；宾语补足语；
宾语补足语；宾语补足语
初中常接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：
keep, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, feel, find, observe, prevent…
初中常接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词：
get, have, make, keep, leave, want, need, see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think…
（七）动名词(v-ing)作定语VS现在分词(v-ing)作定语
a boy who is sleeping
二、主谓一致（详细内容请参考附录2）
语法一致；意义一致；就近原则
【精讲精练】
一、本句是一个并列句
前面句子：主语：Teaching them small acts of kindness
谓语：seem
（such as引导同位语，同位语中含有as引导的时间状语从句。）
后面句子：主语：it
谓语：go
（toward和后面一起作的是定语。）
二、1—5：DDCCA 6—10：BBADD 11—15：CBDBA
16—20：BAACD 21—25：ADCBB
三、26. to see 27. stay 28. to go 29. disappointing 30. is