中考英语语法名师精讲复习并列句和复合句公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

并列句和复合句,第1页,第1页,一、并列句,由并列连词把两个或两个以上简朴句连接起来句子叫作并列句。常见分类：,1.,表示同等、平行或承接关系，惯用连词,and,，,both.and,，,not only.but also.,，,neither.nor.,，,as well as,等。,2.,表示转折关系，惯用连词,but,，,yet(,然而,),however(,然而,),while(,而,),等。,第2页,第2页,3.,表示选择关系，常见连词,or,，,not.but(,不是,而是,),either.or.(,要么,要么,),等。,4.,表示因果关系，常见连词,because,as,for(,由于,),so,等。,二、复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成句子叫作复合句。从句需由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。,第3页,第3页,考点一 状语从句,状语从句在复合句中起状语作用，修饰主句中谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成份，只起连接作用。依据意义上不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目标状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。,第4页,第4页,从句类型,从句引导词,例句,时间状,语从句,when,while,before,after,untilsince,as soon as,He didnt get home,until,9 p.m.last night.,他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。,Ill call you up,as soon as,I arrive in Beijing.,我一到北京就给你打电话。,条件,状语,从句,if,unless,as long as,Youll be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation.,假如没有请柬，您是无法参与这个聚会。,第5页,第5页,从句类型,从句引导词,例句,目的,状语,从句,so that,in order that,The new company gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it.这家新公司散发了大量广告以加强人们对它理解。,让步,状语,从句,though/although,even if,whatever,wherever,whenever,The whole library was in silence,although there were nearly 500 people reading in it.尽管有快要500人在看书，但整座图书馆却沉寂无声。,第6页,第6页,从句类型,从句引导词,例句,原因,状语,从句,because,since,as,for,Since,everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.,既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。,结果,状语,从句,so.that,such.that,Yao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans.,姚明篮球打得如此好以至于诸多美国人也成了他粉丝。,第7页,第7页,从句类型,从句引导词,例句,比较,状语,从句,than,as.as.,not as/so.as.,Im as old as Bob.,我和鲍勃年龄同样大。,地点,状语,从句,where,wherever,Where,there is a will,there is a way.,哪里有希望，哪里就有出路。（有志者，事竟成）,第8页,第8页,状语从句注意事项,1.,条件状语从句和时间状语从句中时态,(1)假如主句使用普通未来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句中使用普通现在时表示未来动作,Your dream must come true if you work hard.,假如努力，你梦想一定会实现。,Im going to be an engineer when I grow up.,长大后我想成为一名工程师。,(2)假如主句使用过去进行时，时间状语从句中普通使用过去时态,We were watching TV when my father got back.,父亲回来时我们在看电视。,第9页,第9页,元贝驾考网,元贝驾考科目四 科目一 科目三 仿真试题,第10页,第10页,2.,时间状语从句中,not.until.,（直到,才,）与,before/after,引导从句转换。,I went to bed,after,I finished my homework.,=I did,nt,go to bed,until,I finished my homework.,直到做完作业我才去睡觉。,第11页,第11页,3.,结果状语从句中特殊句式,(1)祈使句+and+简朴句：祈使句表示条件，and引导简朴句表示在条件基础上产生良好结果，前后句意统一,Eat more vegetables and less meat,and youll keep in good health.多吃菜少吃肉，你会保持健康。,(2)祈使句+or+简朴句：祈使句表示条件，or引导简朴句表示在违反条件基础上也许产生不良后果，前后句意对立。or在句中表示“不然”，可与if引导从句进行替换,Keep quiet,or you wont hear what the teacher says.,=Keep quiet,and you will hear what the teacher says.,=If you dont keep quiet,you wont hear what the teacher says.保持安静，不然你听不见老师在说什么。,第12页,第12页,(3)so.that.（如此以至于）与too.to.（太而不能）和not.enough to.（不足以）句式转换,He is so young that he cant look after himself.=He is too young to look after himself.=He is not old enough to look after himself.,他如此年轻以至于他不能照料自己。,第13页,第13页,考点二 宾语从句,一、在主从复合句中作宾语句子叫作宾语从句。,二、宾语从句四个考点：,时态,主句是现在时，从句依据实际情况使用相应时态,主句是过去时，从句使用过去时某种形式,从句表示是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，无论主句使用什么时态，从句都用普通现在时,语序,从句一律用陈说语序，即主语+谓语,第14页,第14页,连接词,that在从句中作宾语时能够省略；作主语时不能省略,what,when,where,how,whatever,whenever,wherever,who,whom,whose等特殊疑问词作连接词,当宾语从句由普通疑问句改变而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示是否,人称,一随主，二随宾，三不变,第15页,第15页,【,温馨提醒,】,当主句谓语动词为,think,，,suppose,，,guess,believe,等词，主语为第一人称，从句表示否认意义时，形式上应否认主句。比如：,I dont think,that,he is right.,我认为他不对。,第16页,第16页,考点三 定语从句,一、基本构成,1.,定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。,2.,句式：含有定语从句复合句基本结构：先行词,+,关系词,+,定语从句。,第17页第17页,二、关系代词基本使用办法,作主语,作宾语,作定语,指人,who/that,who/whom/that/,省略,whose,指物,which/that,which/that/,省略,whose,第18页,第18页,Do you know the girl who/that has won the first prize in the singing competition?,你结识歌咏比赛中取得一等奖那个女孩吗？,Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.,近年来诸多师承赵本山笑星成名了。,第19页,第19页,【,温馨提醒,】,1.,下列情况只用,that,：,(1),先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰,The Transformers is the greatest movie that I have ever seen.,变形金钢是我看过最棒一部电影。,The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda.我从刘叔叔那里得到第一件礼物是一只玩具熊猫。,(2),先行词前有,only,，,all,any,，,no,，,last,，,just,，,very,等词修饰,Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now.现在能够帮助我们老师仿佛只有于老师了。,第20页,第20页,(3),先行词是,something,，,anything,，,nothing,，,everything,，,little,，,few,，,many,，,all,，,no,，,none,等,Is there anything that I can do for you?我能够为你做点什么？,(4)先行词既有些人又有物,I love the schools and teachers that give me happiness.我爱慕给我带来欢乐学校和老师。,第21页,第21页,2.,下列情况只用,who/whom:,(1),先行词是,anyone,anybody,one,ones,those,等,Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法之人都将受处处分。,(2),在,there be,结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用,who,There are some boys,who,are playing basketball on the playground.,操场上有些男孩在打篮球。,第22页,第22页,3.,下列情况只用,which,：,(1),引导词前有介词且先行词指物,This is the house in which Im living.这就是我住房子。,(2),非限制性定语从句中,He bought a new computer,which can work faster and better.他买了台新电脑，这台电脑能够工作得更快愈加好。,第23页,第23页,三、关系副词基本使用办法,用 法,例句,when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间名词（year，season，day等）,I still remember the days when we worked together.,我仍然记得我们在一起工作日子。,where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点名词（place，school，room等）,This is the school where we once studied.这就是我们曾经学习过学校。,why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因reason一词,Can you tell me the reason why he hasnt come here?,你能告诉我他不来这儿原因吗？,第24页,第24页,【,巧学妙记,】,定语从句使用办法,主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。,从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。,定人要用,who,或,whom,，定物,which,当先用。,关系代词用,that,，定人定物有本事。,when,用来定期间，,where,用来定地点。,关系代词作成份，唯作宾语可省略。,第25页,第25页,单选,1.(,达州中考,)Do you enjoy,My heart will go on,?,No,I prefer songs _ loud.,A.that is B.which is,C.that are D.what are,【,解析,】,选,C,。由先行词,songs,指物且在定语从句中作主语可知关系代词为,that/which,，再由先行词为复数形式可知定语从句谓语为,are,。,第26页,第26页,2.,（,六盘水中考）,Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?,I think we will if we _ any classes.,A.wont have B.didnt have,C.dont have D.arent having,【,解析,】,选,C,。在,if,引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。,第27页,第27页,3.(,恩施中考,)I dont know when _ tomorrow?,I will call you as soon as he _.,A.will he come;arrives,B.he will come;arrives,C.he will come;will arrive,【,解析,】,选,B,。,when,引导宾语从句用陈说语序；,as soon as,引导时间状语从句用普通现在时表未来，故选,B,。,第28页,第28页,4.,（,达州中考）,That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing.Do you know _?,For 5 years.,A.how soon he will come back,B.how long he has stayed there,C.how long has he stayed there,D.how often does he go there,【,解析,】,选,B,。由宾语从句语序为陈说语序可排除,C,、,D,；再由答语是,for,引导时间状语可知宾语从句是,how long,引导，故选,B,。,第29页,第29页,5.,（,广东中考）,The first thing _ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.,A.which B.that C.why D.who,【,解析,】,选,B,。在定语从句中若先行词是物且被序数词修饰时关系代词用,that,，故选,B,。,第30页,第30页,6.(,济南中考,)Julie,do you know _ yesterday afternoon?,By bus.I guess.,A.when Mr.Green will get to Quancheng Square,B.when will Mr.Green get to Quancheng Square,C.how Mr.Green got to Quancheng Square,D.how did Mr.Green get to Quancheng Square,【,解析,】,选,C,。考察宾语从句使用办法。依据回答中,By bus,我们能够判断是对交通方式提问。,A,和,B,选项中,when,不符合句意；又宾语从句须用陈说语序，而,D,选项为疑问语序。故选,C,。,第31页,第31页,7.,（,兰州中考）,Jane is one of the students in the class _ have ever been to China.,A.who B.whose C.which D.whom,【,解析,】,选,A,。由先行词是,students,，且在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系词,who,。故选,A,。,第32页,第32页,8.,（,山西中考）,Mr.Li,I found a watch on the playground.,You should try to find out _.,A.whose is the watch,B.who is the owner of the watch,C.whom does the watch belong to,【,解析,】,选,B,。宾语从句应当用陈说语序，故选,B,。,第33页,第33页,9.,（,宁波中考）,What a new computer!Can you tell me _?,Just the day before yesterday.,A.how much you paid for it,B.how much did you pay for it,C.when you bought it,D.when did you buy it,【解析,】,选,C,。从句应用陈说语序，故排除,B,项和,D,项；由答语“前天”知问是时间：“你能告诉我什么时候买吗,?”,，故选,C,。,第34页,第34页,10.,（,广东中考）,Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.,But nobody knows if it _.,A.is fine;will rain B.will be fine;rains,C.will be fine;will rain D.is fine;rains,【,解析,】,选,A,。第一个,if,作“假如”讲，引导条件状语从句，从句用普通现在时表未来。第二个,if,作“是否”讲引导宾语从句，能够用未来时。故选,A,。,第35页,第35页,12.,（,临沂中考）,The policeman asked the small girl _.,A.why she was crying B.why was she crying,C.why she is crying D.why is she crying,【,解析,】,选,A,。宾语从句用陈说语序，再由主句是普通过去时可拟定从句时态为过去时，故答案为,A,项。,第36页,第36页,13.,（,襄阳中考）,Do you know the man _ is reading the book over there?,Yes,hes Mr.Green,our PE teacher.,A.which B.what C.whom D.who,【,解析,】,选,D,。先行词,the man,是人，且在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词,who,。,第37页,第37页,15.,（,泰安中考）,Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.,Yes.But if it _,well play chess instead.,A.will rain B.rained C.is raining D.rains,【,解析,】,选,D,。在,if,引导条件状语从句中用普通现在时表未来。,第38页,第38页,