被动语态是初中英语的语法重点之一.doc

被动语态是初中英语的语法重点之一,也是中考英语的一个考查热点｡本文拟结合近几年全国部分地区的中考英语试题,对被动语态的考查热点加以归纳分析,供同学们学习时参考｡(下面划有横线的备选项为正确答案) 
　　[热点一] 考查被动语态的时态 
　　在中考英语中,对谓语动词被动语态的各种时态考查主要集中在一般现在时､一般过去时､一般将来时､现在完成时和过去完成时｡ 

　　一､ 一般现在时被动语态的构成及用法 
　　一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示现在经常性或习惯性的被动动作,句中常含有today, every day, often等表示现在的时间状语｡例如: 
　　1. —How clean and tidy your bedroom is! 
　　—Thank you. It ________ every day. 
　　A. cleans B. is cleaned 
　　C. was cleaned D. is cleaning(2006年绍兴市) 
　　2. Most of rice in China________in the south. 
　　A. are grown B. is grown 
　　C. grow D. grows(2005年贵阳市) 
　　3. —Will you come to the dinner party? 
　　—I won’t come unless Jenny________ . 
　　A. will be invited B. can be invited 
　　C. invited D. is invited(2004年安徽省) 
　　4. —I want to know when________have a field trip. 
　　—We’ll have it when all the work________ . 
　　A. you are; will finish B. you will; finishes 
　　C. you will; is finished D. you will; is finish(2005年辽宁省) 
　　5. Today computers________in both cities and towns. 
　　A. were using B. are used 
　　C. were used D. are using(2005年陕西省) 
　　6. —Mum, may I go out to play football this afternoon? 
　　—Yes， you can if your homework________ . 
　　A. is done B will do 
　　C. has done D. will be done(2005年漳州市) 

　　二､ 一般过去时被动语态的构成及用法 
　　一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示在过去时间发生的被动动作,句中常含有yesterday, last year, ten years ago等表示过去的时间状语｡例如: 
　　1. The doctor looked over Peter carefully after he________to the hospital. 
　　A. takes B. is taken 
　　C. took D. was taken(2005年北京市) 
　　2. Oh, this is really a big shop. Do you know when it________ ? 
　　A. built B. was built 
　　C. has built D. has been built(2005年河北省) 
　　3. —Who is the little boy in the picture? 
　　—It’s me. The picture________ 10 years ago. 
　　A. took B. is taken 
　　C. has taken D. was taken(2005年山东省课改卷) 
　　4. —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start. 
　　—I’m sorry, but I________when to meet. 
　　A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell 
　　C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told(2005年江西省) 
　　5. The recorder________yesterday. It works OK now. 
　　A. repaired B. was repaired 
　　C. has repaired D. will be repaired(2005年南通市课改卷) 
　　6. —Did Jack come to our party yesterday? 
　　—No, he________ . 
　　A. wasn’t invited B. didn’t invite 
　　C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited(2005年宁波市课改卷) 
　　7. —These bananas look different and they are sweet. 
　　—Right. They________here from Taiwanyesterday. 
　　A. was brought B. were brought 
　　C. bring D. are brought(2005年福州市) 

　　三､ 一般将来时被动语态的构成及用法 
　　一般将来时的被动语态由“shall/will + be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示将来某一时间将要发生的被动动作,句中常含有tomorrow, next week, in a few years’ time等表示将来的时间状语｡例如: 
　　1. A new bridge will________ across the river. 
　　A. be building B. be built 
　　C. build D. builds(2005年武汉市) 
　　2. —I know Mr White is very angry with me. What does he say? 
　　—He says you________away if you’re late again. 
　　A. are sending B. has been sent 
　　C. are going to send D. will be sent(2005年厦门市课改卷) 
　　3. —But where are the books? 
　　—Don’t worry. They________ here in no time. 
　　A. have sent B. will be sent 
　　C. are sending D. have been sent(2005年武汉市课改卷) 

　　4. I believe that those mountains________with trees in a few years’ time. 
　　A. are covered B. will be covered 
　　C. are covering D. will cover(2004年沈阳市) 
　　5. Many old houses around our school________next year and a large green area will appear. 
　　A. pull down B. will be pulled down 
　　C. will pull down D. are pulled down(2005年上海市) 

　　四､ 现在完成时被动语态的构成及用法 
　　现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示到目前为止已经完成的某个被动动作,句中常含有 already, up to now， “since + 时间点”等时态标志｡例如: 
　　1. Look, Jack. Your bag________ . 
　　A. will find B. has been found 
　　C. had found(2002年武汉市) 
　　2. Many more houses________for teachers since last year. 
　　A. are building B. built 
　　C. have built D. have been built(2000年广州市) 

　　五､ 过去完成时被动语态的构成及用法 
　　过去完成时的被动语态由“had + been + 及物动词的过去分词”构成,表示某个被动动作发生在“过去的过去”｡例如: 
　　After the party, some of the students picked up all the rubbish that________on the floor of the hall. 
　　A. has been dropped B. has been fallen 
　　C. had been dropped D. had been fallen(2005年呼和浩特市) 
　　[热点二] 考查含有情态动词的谓语动词的被动语态的构成及用法 
　　含有情态动词的句子在变为被动句时,其结构为“情态动词(can, may, must, should 等) + be + 及物动词的过去分词”,常常用来表示具有某种特定感情色彩的被动动作｡例如: 
　　1. Because of the dry weather, lots of water________to water the crops. 
　　A. must carry B. mustn’t carry 
　　C. must be carried D. be carried(2005年昆明市) 
　　2. —The pollution problem here seems to get more and more serious. 
　　—Yes. Something________withit. 
　　A. has done B. must be done 
　　C. is doing D. was done(2005年河南省) 
　　3. I think high school students should________pocket money. 
　　A. be giving B. have given 
　　C. give D. be given(2005年杭州市) 
　　4. The flowers________every day, or they’ll die. 
　　A. must water B. can be watered 
　　C. should water D. must be watered(2005年天津市) 
　　5. Today the forests have almost gone. People must________down too many trees. 
　　A. stop from cutting B. stop to cut 
　　C. be stopped from cutting D. be stopped to cut(2005年沈阳市) 
　　[热点三] 考查短语动词的被动语态 
　　有些由“动词 + 介词”或“动词 + 副词”或“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词,如look after, talk about, laugh at, listen to, take care of, pay attention to等,在意义上相当于一个及物动词,变为被动语态时,要将整个短语动词视为一个整体,后面的介词或副词不能漏掉｡例如: 
　　1. The baby________by his grandparents from Monday to Friday. 
　　A. was taken care B. was taken care of 
　　C. was looked at(2005年重庆市) 
　　2. A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It________while we were on holiday. 
　　A. was taken care B. took care of 
　　C. is taken care of D. was taken care of(2005年广州市)