中考二轮复习第9讲阅读理解专题讲义.doc

阅读理解
【知识点睛】
一、命题特点
体裁上来看：涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文、说明文和应用文；题材内容涉及英语国家文化的多个领域，并逐步增加广告、海报、图画、表格等实用文体。
题型上来看：着重考查学生对整篇文章的把握，侧重考查学生根据语境进行语篇分析和综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。
阅读量上看：逐年增加。
难度上来看：增加了难度，超过了大纲规定的3%的生词率。
二、阅读题型
1._________________：考查学生直接从原文中获取正确信息的能力。这类题目可以分为直接事实题和间接事实题。
2._________________：猜测生词词义、短语和句子意思以及确定代词指代目标的能力。
3._________________：要求读者通过文章所提供的已知信息推测未直接表明的信息。
4._________________：要求读者在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。
三、做题步骤
1. 速读文章抓大意
2. 带题读文作标记
3. 检查题目不留疑
四、阅读禁忌
禁止“指读，声读，译读，精读”
禁止“题目卷面清洁，什么标记都没有”

【试题1】【2015河南中考A篇】
A
A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery (外科手术).
He found the boy’s father in the hall waiting worriedly.
On seeing him, the father cried out, “Why did you take all this time to come? Don’t you know that my son is in danger? Don’t you have any sense of duty?”
The doctor smiled and said, “I am sorry. I wasn’t in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish you’d calm down so that I can do my work.”
“Calm down?! What if your son was in this room right now? Would you calm down? If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do?” said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, “We will do our best and you should also pray (祈祷) for your son’s healthy life.”
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happy, “Thank goodness! Your son is saved!” And without waiting for the father’s reply he carried on his way running by saying, “If you have any questions, ask the nurse.”
“Couldn’t he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son’s state?” shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered, tears coming down her face. “His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial (葬礼) when we called him for your son’s surgery. And now that he saved your son’s life, he left running to finish his son’s burial.”

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
( )46. What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery?
A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.
B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.
C. He discussed the boy’s state with the father.
D. He waited until his son’s burial was finished.
( )47. The father shouted at the doctor because he thought _______.
A. he had waited too long B. no one cared for his son
C. the doctor was cold to him D. the surgery took a long time
( )48. Who told the truth to the father in the end?
A. The doctor. B. The nurse. C. His son. D. A patient.
( )49. How might the father feel after he knew the truth?
A. Angry. B. Excited. C. Sorry. D. Doubtful.
( )50. What is the best title for the text?
A. Seeing is believing B. Time waits for no man
C. Practice makes perfect D. Think before you decide
一、细节理解题
A
Luca Gramberini has been scuba diving since he was a kid. His family owns a scuba company. For the past three summers, Luca has added gardening to his underwater activities. He helps run Nemo’s Garden, a project to grow plants in the sea.
From May through September, Luca and other divers are working on Nemo’s Garden in the Mediterranean Sea, 150 feet from the coast of Noli, Italy. Five large balloon-like objects, called biospheres (生物圈) , hold plants such as beans and strawberries. The biospheres are filled with air and placed 20 feet below the surface. “My father came up with the idea because he loves gardening very much,” Luca said.
According to Luca, the sea is a good place to grow plants because underwater temperatures remain stable, changing little from day to night. The biospheres act like greenhouses. Inside the air-filled biospheres, fresh water keeps evaporating (蒸发) , providing the plants with a good environment to grow in. “We have already seen the plants, grow faster and better,” Luca says. “And there are fewer storms that can knock down the biospheres during the summer.”
Luca hopes Nemo’s Garden will provide a new way of growing crops. “There is not enough land on the Earth,” he says. “And in many developing countries, bad conditions make it difficult for crops to grow.”
Though the project has just started, Nemo’s Garden has achieved success and is moving to different areas. “We’re going to try growing other plants.” Luca says. “We hope to set up biospheres in other countries. There are many possibilities.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。
( )1. Nemo’s Garden is a project to ______.
A. do scuba diving in the sea B. stop storms in the sea
C. make fresh water from the sea D. grow plants under the water
( )2. The passage is probably taken from the _______ part of a newspaper.
A. travel B. science C. health D. sports

B
Wine and Beer Festivals, Germany
September is also a great month for wine as the new kinds are ready for tasting. The Stuttgart Wine Festival (29th August—9th September) is one of the biggest festivals, with over one million visitors. At the festival, you can taste over 250 kinds of wines from the area. If you prefer beer to wine, there’s the world-famous Munich Oktoberfest, which starts on 22nd September and continues until 7th October.

( )3. What can we learn about Wine and Beer Festivals?
A. The Stuttgart Wine Festival lasts over two weeks.
B. Munch Oktoberfest is one of the biggest festivals in the world.
C. More than one million visitors come to Munich Oktoberfest.
D. People can taste over 250 kinds of wines at the Stuttgart Wine Festival.

二、猜测词义题
A
In Germany, teachers and students’ relationship is more formal than you might be used to. Teachers are respected and students must use the formal “Sie (德语：您)” when talking to teachers.

( )1. The underlined word “respected” can be best translated into ______.
A. 受人尊敬的 B. 令人害怕的 C. 高收入的 D. 有权势的
B (文章同细节理解题A篇)
( )2. The underlined word “stable” in paragraph 3 means ______ in Chinese.
A. 平衡的 B. 正常的 C. 稳定的 D. 合适的

C
Rachel Carson’s most famous book, Silent Spring came out in 1962. In this book, she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides (杀虫剂) like DDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well. Finally, in November 1969, the United States government decided that the use of DDT must be stopped in two years.

( )3. The Chinese meaning of the word “decline” in this passage is probably “_______”.
A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 维持 D. 翻番
D (文章同主旨大意题C篇)
( )4. The underlined word “remunerated” in the passage means “_______”.
A. trained B. praised C. accepted D. paid
E
Skin (皮肤) covers our bodies. Every time we move, our skin moves, too. Try this: Pull up the skin from the back of your hand and then let it go. What happens? The skin goes back to its first positon. That means that skin is elastic—we can move it and pull it but it always goes back.

( )5. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “elastic” in the third paragraph?
A. Able to move around or turn around.
B. Able to become softer or harder when needed.
C. Able to become thick or thin, but can’t go back.
D. Able to become larger and then go back to its usual size.

三、逻辑推理题
A
Bags of Love
Last year, I worked in a middle school near my mother’s house, and I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped her do some housework and buy some food.
After the first week, I noticed that the food was eaten up very quickly. Then I began keeping an eye on my mum. To my surprise, I found that she would put some of the food into a paper bag and go out with it at about nine every morning. And finally, I decided to follow her. I saw her taking the food to the street children. She would also spend a lot of time talking and playing with them.
One day, I talked to a neighbor and found out that my mum was well-known in the area. The children were very friendly with her and even thought of her as their own mother. Then it hit me—why wouldn’t she want to tell me about it? Was she worried that I would stop buying food if I found out?
When my mum got home, I gave her a big hug (拥抱). I told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret from me. And she told me something about the children. Some of them lived with an old lady in a small house. Others slept on the street. For years, she was helping the poor street children by giving them food. After she told me everything, I was so moved by how selfless (无私的) she was. She helped others in need. As her son, I was so proud of my mum.
I continued to buy food for my mum after that. But I always added one more bag for her other children.
( )1. The writer added one more bag of food to _______.
A. make friends with the children B. get a hug from his mother
C. become well-known in the area D. help the poor street children

B
The Princess
And
The Frog
Tickets Information
Dates:
30th July — 8th August
Mon — Fri 10am, 7pm
Sat — Sun 10am, 2pm, 7pm
Venue:
Esplanade Theatre
Duration:
1.5 hours

Ticket prices:
$25 per child or adult (day shows)
$35 per child or adult (evening shows)
Family Packages:
$85 for 4 tickets (10am, 2pm shows)
$120 for 4 tickets (7pm shows)
Latecomer Policy:
Please arrive early. Latecomers will not be allowed to enter until a proper break in the shows.
Tel:
617-219-4300
Children:
As courtesy to other audience members, children below three years old will not be allowed in.

( )2. If a family of four go to the theatre in the evening, they have to pay at least ______ dollars for the tickets.
A. 85 B. 100 C. 120 D. 140
C

Off the Beaten Cart Path
The best-selling travel book which includes over 200 new places of interest, over 200 new full-color photographs, and all-new, up-to-date maps. It includes over 1,000 of the United States most must-see destinations (目的地).
Cover Price: $30.00 Our Price: $19.80

Parents
The most popular magazine for parents who want to raise smart and loving children. It has child development guidance, advice on your child’s health and safety, and the best way to encourage your child’s learning.
Cover Price: $26.00 Our Price: $12.60

Best Weekend Projects
The projects (方案) are chosen from 80 special ideas to create an unusual living space. They are practical, as well as creative. They will improve your home and yard and can be made on weekends. And the most important of all, they are easy to follow.
Cover Price: $17.95 Our Price: $13.90

Lucky
The shopping magazine with the best buys, and the fashion tips (小贴士). You’ll need them before you go to the stores. What makes Lucky really special is that it gives you the information you need before anyone else has it.
Cover Price: $18.50 Our Price: $15.50

( )3. What do you think the passage is?
A. An advertisement.
B. A notice.
C. A story.
D. A report.
四、主旨大意题
A (文章同细节理解题A篇)
( )1. The best title for this passage is _______.
A. Gardens in the sea B. Projects for summer activities
C. Plants in greenhouses D. Conditions for crop growing

B (选自一篇文章的第四段)
Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, firefighters even start fires to get rid of (去除) dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat (威胁) to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.

( )2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. Fires are serious threats to human beings.
B. Australian firefighters don’t put out fires.
C. Fires can play an important role in forests.
D. It’s difficult for firefighters to control the fires.

C
Making a good job choice is almost as good as choosing a good life. So, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions to make in life.
For my job, there are three important things that I will consider:
The first one—that I must work in an area I like—is most important to me. Someone once said if you find a job that you enjoy, then you won’t have to work another day. I would like to work in an area where I can be more creative. I would like to be the most valuable member there All this is possible only if I like what I do.
The second one is that the area of my work must lead me to solve some new and hard problems. I would like to stay in the same area for a long time. In order for this to happen, the work must provide enough problems. More than just working to live, I enjoy making a difference and trying my best for the whole progress. I would also like to be well remunerated for my hard work, so I can lead a comfortable life with this hard-won money. Then I can provide the best for my family.
The third important thing is that I would like to work in an area that would help other people. The work in my mind is in fields such as the army, training or management. In such areas, I can help to develop the abilities of others and bring out their best. It would be a most satisfying job to help young people to become the best that they can be. When I become old, I would like to look back with a great sense of satisfaction that thousands of people have become better persons through my work.
I accept the idea that no one should make a choice of a job suddenly or quickly. He should decide what he wants to be in the long run. Then, he should decide how he works towards it. He should study the proper courses, read the books and speak to knowledgeable persons in that field before making a job choice. A good choice will most probably lead to a better life.

( )3. What is the best title for the passage?
A. My Job Choice
B. My Favorite Job
C. My Comfortable Life
D. My Sense of Satisfaction
【精讲精练】
A
Why are your study habits different from those of your friends? Why do you seem to learn faster in some classes while more slowly in others? One reason you may not know is that people have different learning types. Scientists say there are three different learning types: Visual (视觉型), Auditory (听觉型), and Kinesthetic (动觉型).
Visual learners learn best by seeing. If you seem to easily remember information from pictures, graphs (图表) and videos, you are probably a visual learner. You’re not good at copying down what the teacher says in class. Never mind. You can draw graphs or pictures instead, if you find that works better for you.
Auditory learners learn best by hearing. If you seem to easily remember things by hearing them, then you are probably an auditory learner. You must listen carefully whi