高中英语状语从句用法详细解析.doc

高中英语状语从句用法详细解析
一、 定义：
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。
二、 分类
根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句
三、 时间状语从句
（一）引导 时间状语从句的连词有：as, when(whenever), before, after, as soon as, until(till), since, every time, once.

（二）、 “as” as, when, while都有“当……的时候”，可以互用
When she was a child.
While she was a child. She Lived in Paris.
As she was a child.
as有“一边…一边”的意思
He sang as he walked.
“when”
 When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out.
I was sleeping when she came in. 动补
When we arrived at the station, the train had left.
“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。
While we were having supper, all the lights went out.
Please keep quiet while others are studying.
While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.
when, while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在……的时候”, while意反而，可是，表示转折。
One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.
并列连词引导并列句，意思是就在那时。
（三）、主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时，主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。
1. I' ll call you when I get there.
2. They said they would leave when they got the new.
3. They left as soon as they got the new.

Whenever 无论什么时候，随时
1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.
每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐。
2. Whenever we' re in trouble, they will help us.
3. I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.
4. Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我。

till和until(表示“直到……”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。
I was waiting until/till he arrived.

2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before替换。
I didn' t leave till/until she came back.

since: 主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。
It is two years since I have studied English.
1. We have known each other since we were children.
2. We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.
3. It is …… (一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。
It is two years since my sister married.

……(一段时间) have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子
Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.

Since+时间点
1. I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.
2. Maria has been in China since two years ago.

*every time, each time, next time
Every time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.
Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.
(every time 分写不可以合写) 比较everyday (adj) 日常的，普通的
every day 是名词短语，每天，天天
Next time I go there, I will visit them.

* once 一旦…就
Once you begin, you must go on. 你一开了头，就应该继续下去。

四、 地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where, wherever引导

We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.　有志者，事竟成。
Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.　
无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。
She follow him whose he goes. 他无论到哪里她总跟着。

五、 原因状语从句
原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导
1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。

2、 由why提问必须用because回答。
Since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。

3、 before of +名词
Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park.

4、 because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）
Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill.
Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.

5、 for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。
The days we short, for it is December now.
*改错 Because he is ill is the reason why he can' t come.　(Because改为that)

六、 目的状语从句
目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

1. We' ll sit never to the front so we can hear better.
2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.　他努力学习，以便成功。
3. I' ll speak slowly so that you can take notes.　我慢慢讲，以便你们能做笔记。
4. They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.
他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。
5.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.
6.I' m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.
我打算早些去听讲座，以便找个好座位。

七、 条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引导
在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）

We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.
He said we would miss the train if we didn' t hurry.
You will fail the exam unless you study hard. (if you don' t study hard)
He won' t come unless he is invited. (if he isn' t invited)
Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. (if you don' t want to become better)
As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.
As long as you don' t lose heart, you will succeed.

八、 结果状语从句
结果状语从句由such…that, so….that, so that, that 引导
1. such… that 的常用句型
such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that
such +形容词+可数名词单数+that
Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that

注意so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。
She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.
They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.
It was such delicious food that they ate it up.

2. so+形容词或副词+that
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that
He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.
He works so hard that he did everything well.
It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.
It was such a good day that we all went swimming.

3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句
He didn' t study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.

4.too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与so…that 替换，so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could) not.
She is young that she can' t go to school.
She is too young to go to school.
She isn' t old enough to go to school.

九、 让步状语从句
although, though
even though = even if, whether…or
however = no matter how
whatever = no matter what
whoever = no matter who
whenever = no matter when
wherever = no matter where

*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet, still连用，但不与but连用

Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.
They are poor, but they often help others.
Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.
Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.
No matter what you say, I don' t care.
No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.
However hard he tried, he failed again.
No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.

十、 方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as(如同，按照)，as if (though)引导
*as和like都有“像”的意思as是连词，后面连接句子，like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。
I did the work as others did. 相当于 I did like others.
You must do as I do.

as if(though)两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，但实现可能性较大，则用连接词。
It seems as if/though it' s going to rain.
They are talking as if/though they were old friends.
She treats me as if I were her brother.
When you are in home, do as the Romans do.

例 You must do ______ I told you.
A. after B. before C. where D. as (D)
The students must do ______ the teacher told them.
A. as B. before C. after D. if (A)

十一、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as…as, not as(so)…as, than, the+比较级，the+比较级引导
He swims as well as you. (do)
He doesn' t swim as well as you (do).
He got here earlier than you. (did)
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
英语语法状语从句类型综述
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
　　常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
　　特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
　　I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.

　　While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
　　The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
　　No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
　　Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
　　2． 地点状语从句
　　常用引导词：where
　　特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
　　Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
　　Wherever you go, you should work hard.
　　3． 原因状语从句
　　常用引导词：because, since, as, since
　　特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
　　My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
　　Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
　　The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
　　Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
　　4． 目的状语从句
　　常用引导词：so that, in order that
　　特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
　　The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
　　The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
　　5． 结果状语从句
　　常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
　　特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
　　He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
　　It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
　　To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
　　6． 条件状语从句
　　常用引导词：if, unless,
　　特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
　　We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
　　You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
　　Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
　　7． 让步状语从句
　　常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
　　特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
　　Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
　　尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
　　The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
　　No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
　　He won’t listen whatever you may say.
　　8． 比较状语从句
　常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
　　特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
　　 She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
　　 The house is three times as big as ours.
　　 The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
　　 Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
　9． 方式状语从句
　　常用引导词：as, as if, how
　　特殊引导词：the way
　　When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
　　She behaved as if she were the boss.
　　Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.