英语中考复习纲要.doc

表示“某国人”的单复数变化形式名 称总称（谓语用复数）单 数复 数中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanese two Japanese瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians美国人 the Americans an American two Americans印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德国人 the Germans a German two Germans英国人 the Englishmen an Englishmantwo Englishmen法国人 the Frenchmen a Frenchman two Frenchmen希腊人 the Greeks a Greek two Greeks瑞典人 the Swedes a Swede two Swedes简单句的五种基本句型1.主语+谓语（不及物动词） （不及物动词：后面不能接宾语的动词）2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 （及物动词：后面能接宾语的动词）3.主语+系动词（be动词/感官动词）+表语（名词/数词/形容词/介词短语）4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 主语+谓语（及物动词）+直接宾语（物）+介词+间接宾语（人）5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语各种时态结构 主动语态（主语为动作的执行者）肯定式：主语+动词原形/动词-s(es)+ 1、一般现在时 否定式：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形 + 行为动词疑问式：Do/Does+主语+动词原形 +?肯定式：主语+am/is/are +一般现在时 否定式：主语+ am not/isnt/arent + be动词疑问式：Am/Is/Are+主语+?肯定式：主语+动词过去式+2、一般过去时 否定式：主语+didnt+动词原形+ 行为动词疑问式：Did+主语+动词原形+?肯定式：主语+was/were +一般过去时 否定式：主语+ wasnt/werent + be动词疑问式：Was/Were+主语 +? 肯定式：主语+will+动词原形 + 3、一般将来时 否定式：主语+wont+动词原形+ 疑问式：Will+主语+动词原形+?肯定式：主语+ am/is/are+going to+动词原形+一般将来时 否定式：主语+am not/isnt/arent+going to+动词原形疑问式：Am/Is/Are +主语+going to+动词原形+?肯定式：主语+ am/is/are+动词-ing+4、现在进行时 否定式：主语+ am not/isnt/arent+动词-ing+ 疑问式：Am/Is/Are +主语+动词-ing+?肯定式：主语+ has/have+过去分词+5、现在完成时 否定式：主语+ hasnt/havent+过去分词+疑问式：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ has/have+ been+动词-ing+6、 现在完成进行时 否定式：主语+ hasnt/havent+been+动词-ing+ 疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+动词-ing+? 肯定式：主语+ was/were+动词-ing+7、过去进行时 否定式：主语+ wasnt/werent+动词-ing+ 疑问式：Was/Were +主语+动词-ing+?肯定式：主语+would+动词原形+8、过去将来时 否定式：主语+wouldnt+动词原形+ 疑问式：Would+主语+动词原形+?肯定式：主语+ had+过去分词+9、过去完成时 否定式：主语+ hadnt+过去分词+疑问式：Had+主语+过去分词+? 被动语态（主语为动作的承受者） 肯定式：主语+ am/is/are+过去分词+1、一般现在时 否定式：主语+ am not/isnt/arent+过去分词+疑问式：Am/Is/Are +主语+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ was/were+过去分词+2、一般过去时 否定式：主语+ wasnt/werent+过去分词+ 疑问式：Was/Were +主语+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+will+be+过去分词+3、一般将来时 否定式：主语+wont+be+过去分词+ 疑问式：Will+主语+be+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ am/is/are+being+过去分词+4、现在进行时 否定式：主语+ am not/isnt/arent+being+过去分词+疑问式：Am/Is/Are +主语+being+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ has/have+been+过去分词+5、现在完成时 否定式：主语+ hasnt/havent+been+过去分词+疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ was/were+being+过去分词+6、过去进行时 否定式：主语+ wasnt/werent+being+过去分词+ 疑问式：Was/Were +主语+being+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+would+be+过去分词+7、过去将来时 否定式：主语+wouldnt+be+ 过去分词+ 疑问式：Would+主语+be+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ had+been+过去分词+8、过去完成时 否定式：主语+ hadnt+been+过去分词+疑问式：Had+主语+been+过去分词+? 肯定式：主语+ 情态动词+be+过去分词+9、 情态动词 否定式：主语+ 情态动词+not+be+过去分词+疑问式：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词+? 各种时态的基本用法1、 一般现在时：表示经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。2、 一般过去时：表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。3、 一般将来时：表示现在看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。4、 现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作。5、 现在完成时：表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。6、 现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在还在进行的动作。7、 过去进行时：表示过去某时间正在发生的动作。8、过去将来时：表示过去时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。9、过去完成时：表示过去时间里已经完成的动作（即“过去的过去”）。不规则动词的分类1.动词原形、过去式和过去分词相同（10） bet - bet - bet cost - cost - cost cut - cut - cut hit - hit - hit hurt - hurt - hurt let - let - let put - put - put read - read - read set - set - set spread- spread - spread2.动词原形、过去式和过去分词不相同（34） be-was/were- been go - went - gone do - did - done lie - lay - lain fly - flew - flown wear - wore - worn begin - began - begun drink - drank - drunk ring - rang - rung sing - sang - sung swim - swam - swum break - broke - brokenchoose - chose - chosen hide - hid - hiddenspeak - spoke - spoken forget - forgot - forgotten draw - drew - drawn drive - - drove - driven eat - ate - eaten fall - fell - fallen forgive - forgave - forgiven rewrite - rewrote - rewritten write - wrote - written give - gave - given ride - rode - ridden grow - grew - grown know - knew - known rise - rose - risen see - saw -seen shake - shook - shaken show - showed - shown strike - struck - stricken take - took - taken throw - threw - thrown3.动词原形和过去式相同（1） beat - beat - beaten 4.动词原形和过去分词相同（3） become - became - become come - came - come run - ran - run 5.过去式和过去分词相同（36） bring - brought - brought buy - bought - bought think - thought - thought fight - fought - fought catch - caught - - caught teach - taught - taught find - found - found build - built - built feel - felt - felt keep - kept - kept sleep - slept - slept sweep - swept - swept dig - dug - dug feed - fed - fed get - got - got have - had - had hear - heard - heard hold - held - held lead - led - led leave - left - left lend - lent - lent lose - lost - lost make - made - made mean - meant - meant meet - met - met pay - paid - paid say - said - said sell - sold - sold send - sent - sent sit - sat - sat spend - spent - spent stand - stood - stood strike - struck - struck tell - told - told win - won - won understand - understood - understood6.既作规则动词又作不规则动词（4） burn -burned/ burnt - burned/burnt learn - learned/learnt - learned/learnt shine - shined/shone -shined/shone smell - smelled/smelt - smelled/smelt7.只有过去式，没有过去分词（4） can - could may - might shall - should will - would