中华文明 Chinese civilization.doc

　中华文明 Chinese civilization
　　文明摇篮 cradle of civilization
　　华夏祖先 the Chinese ancestors
　　秦始皇帝 First Emperor, Emperor Chin
　　皇太后 Empress Dowager
　　汉高祖刘邦 founder of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
　　成吉思汗 Genghis Khan ; Temujin
　　夏朝 Xia Dynasty 
明清两代 (of) Ming and Qing dynasties
　　地名：特别注意四川和陕西拼法

　　四川 Sichuan, Szechwan, Szechuan
　　陝西　 Shaanxi
　　四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
　　火药 gunpowder
　　印刷术 printing
　　造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
　　汉字 Chinese character
　　单音节 single syllable
　　汉语四声调 the four tones of Chinese characters
　　阳平 level tone
　　阴平 rising tone
　　上声 falling-rising tone
　　去声 falling tone
　　四书 the Four Books
《大学》 The Great Learning
　　《中庸》 The Doctrine of the Mean
　　《论语》 The Analects of Confucius
　　《孟子》 The Mencius
　　《春秋》 the Spring and Autumn Annals
　　《史记》 Historical Records
　　《诗经》 The Books of Songs;The Book of Odes
《书经》 The Books of History
　　《易经》 I Ching; The Book of Changes
　　《礼记》 The Book of Rites
　　《孝经》 Book of Filial Piety
　　《孙子兵法》 The Art of War
　　《三字经》 The Three-Character Scripture;The Three-Word Chant
　　《三国演义》 Three Kingdoms
　《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
　　《红楼梦》 Dream of the Red Mansions
　　《山海经》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
　　《资治通鉴》 History as a Mirror;Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
　　《西厢记》 The Romance of West Chamber
　　《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin
　　《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio
《围城》 Fortress Besieged
　　《阿Q正传》 The True Story of Ah Q
　　五言绝句 five-character quatrain
　　七言律诗 seven-character octave
　　八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
　　重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage
　　优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts
　　文物 cultural relics
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
　　书法 calligraphy
　　水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink and wash painting
　　工笔 traditional Chinese realistic painting
　　中国结 Chinese knot
　　旗袍 Cheongsam
　　中山装 Chinese tunic suit
　　唐装 traditional Chinese garments (clothing)，Tang suit
朝廷使者 royal court envoy
　　文人 men of letters
　　雅士 refined scholars
　　表演艺术 performing art
　　现代流行艺术 popular art, pop art
　　纯艺术 high art
　　高雅艺术 refined art
　　电影艺术 cinematographic art
　　戏剧艺术 theatrical art
　　才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies
生 (男性正面角色) male (the positive male role)
　　旦 (女性正面角色) female (the positive female role)
　　净 (性格鲜明的男性配角) a supporting male role with striking character
　　丑 (幽默滑稽或反面角色) a clown or a negative role
　　花脸 painted role
　　歌舞喜剧 musical
　　滑稽场面, 搞笑小噱头 shtick
　　滑稽短剧 skit
　　京剧人物脸谱 Peking Opera Mask
皮影戏 shadow play; leather-silhouette show
　　说书 story-telling
　　叠罗汉 make a human pyramid
　　折子戏 opera highlights
　　踩高跷 stilt walk
　　哑剧 pantomime; mime
　　哑剧演员 pantomimist
　　戏剧小品 skit
马戏 circus show
单口相声 monologue comic talk, standup comedy
　　特技表演 stunt
　　相声 witty dialogue comedy, comic cross talk
　　杂技 acrobatics
　　京韵大鼓 the traditional story-telling in Beijing dialect with drum accompaniment
　　秦腔 Shaanxi opera
　　武术 martial art
　　功夫 kung fu
　　武术门派 styles or schools of martial art
　习武健身 practice martial art for fitness
　　气功 qigong, deep breathing exercises
　　拳击 boxing
　　篆刻 seal cutting upriteous
　　工艺, 手艺 workmanship / craftsmanship
　　卷轴 scroll
　　蜡染 batik
　　泥人 clay figure
　　漆画 lacquer painting
　唐三彩 Trio-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
　　景泰蓝 cloisonné
　　文房四宝 The four stationery treasures of the Chinese study --- a writing brush, an ink stick, an ink stone and paper
　　民间传说 folklores
　　寓言 fable
　　传说 legend
　　神话 mythology
　　古为今用,洋为中用 make the past serve the present and the foreign serve china
　　赋诗 inscribe a poem
对对联 matching an antithetical couplet
　　阳历 solar calendar
　　公历 Gregorian calendar
　　阴历 lunar calendar
　　天干 heavenly stem
　　地支 earthly branch
　　闰年 leap year
　　二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms
十二生肖 the twele Chinese zodiac signs
　　本命年 one''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches
　　传统节日 traditional holidays
　　春节 the Spring Festival
　　元宵节 the Lantern Festival (15th day of the first lunar month)
　　清明节 the Pure Brightness Festival / the Tomb-sweeping Day (April the 5th)
　　端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival (5th of the fifth lunar month)
　　中秋节 the Moon Festival / the Mid-Autumn Day (15th of the eight lunar month)
　　重阳节 the Double Ninth Day / the Aged Day