2016年高考全国卷英语乙卷.doc

英语(全国乙卷)
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分　听力
[共两节，满分30分]
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A．￡19.15.　　　 B．￡9.18.　　　 C．￡9.15.
答案是C。
1．What are the speakers talking about?
A．Having a birthday party.
B．Doing some exercise.
C．Getting Lydia a gift.
2．What is the woman going to do?
A．Help the man.　　　　　B．Take a bus.
C．Get a camera.
3．What does the woman suggest the man do?
A．Tell Kate to stop. B．Call Kate's friends.
C．Stay away from Kate.
4．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．In a wine shop. B．In a supermarket.
C．In a restaurant.
5．What does the woman mean?
A．Keep the window closed.
B．Go out for fresh air.
C．Turn on the fan.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What is the man going to do this summer?
A．Teach a course. B．Repair his house.
C．Work at a hotel.
7．How will the man use the money?
A．To hire a gardener. B．To buy books.
C．To pay for a boat trip.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Schoolmates. B．Colleagues.
C．Roommates.
9．What does Frank plan to do right after graduation?
A．Work as a programmer.
B．Travel around the world.
C．Start his own business.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Why does the woman make the call?
A．To book a hotel room.
B．To ask about the room service.
C．To make changes to a reservation.
11．When will the woman arrive at the hotel?
A．On September 15. B．On September 16.
C．On September 23.
12．How much will the woman pay for her room per night?
A．$179.　　　　B．$199.　　　　C．$219.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What is the woman's plan for Saturday?
A．Going shopping. B．Going camping.
C．Going boating.
14．Where will the woman stay in Keswick?
A．In a country inn. B．In a five­star hotel.
C．In her aunt's home.
15．What will Gordon do over the weekend?
A．Visit his friends. B．Watch DVDs.
C．Join the woman.
16．What does the woman think of Gordon's coming weekend?
A．Relaxed. B．Boring.
C．Busy.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Who is Wang Ming?
A．A student. B．An employer.
C．An engineer.
18．What does the speaker say about the college job market this year?
A．It's unpredictable. B．It's quite stable.
C．It's not optimistic.
19．What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?
A．20%.　　　　B．22%.　　　　C．50%.
20．Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?
A．They need more work experience.
B．The salary is usually good.
C．Their choice is limited.
答案：1－5　CBACA　6－10　CBAAC
11－15　BBCAB　16－20　BACAB
第二部分　阅读理解
[共两节，满分40分]
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860­1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907­1964)
If it weren't for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O'Connor (1930­present)
When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court. O'Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks (1913­2005)
On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil­rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in，” said Parks.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同领域的四位女性先驱。
21．What is Jane Addams noted for in history?
A．Her social work.
B．Her teaching skills.
C．Her efforts to win a prize.
D．Her community background.
解析：细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，与A项相符。文中未提及her teaching skills(她的教学技能)，只是谈到了promoting education(促进教育)，故B项与文章不符；Jane Addams获得了诺贝尔和平奖，但她不是因努力去获奖而出名的，根本上还是因为她做的社会工作，而且她也并非为了获奖才付出努力，故C项错误；是她的社会工作，以及她鼓励的社区感让她出名，D项Her community background.(她的社区背景)与此不相符。
答案：A
22．What was the reason for O'Connor's being rejected by the law firm?
A．Her lack of proper training in law.
B．Her little work experience in court.
C．The discrimination against women.
D．The poor financial conditions.
解析：细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O'Connor下的第一句When Sandra Day O'Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School...可知，她在斯坦福大学法学院受过教育，并非缺少正规的法律培训，故A项错误；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作经验少，故B项错误；根据．..she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项；文中未提及她的经济状况，故D项错误。
答案：C
23．Who made a great contribution to the civil­rights movement in the U．S.?
A．Jane Addams.　　　　B．Rachel Carson.
C．Sandra Day O'Connor. D．Rosa Parks.
解析：细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的．..it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civil­rights movement.可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项，是Rosa Parks对美国的民权运动做出了很大贡献。
答案：D
24．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?
A．They are highly educated.
B．They are truly creative.
C．They are pioneers.
D．They are peace­lovers.
解析：推理判断题。本题考查考生理解全文、提炼信息、概括总结的能力。根据Jane Addams下的．..the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson下的If it weren't for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Sandra Day O'Connor下的．..the first woman to join the U．S. Supreme Court.以及Rosa Parks下的．..it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott...kicked off the civil­rights movement.可知，文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱(pioneer)，因此C项正确。
答案：C
B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third­generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama's mother­in­law, Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents. com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two­thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you're raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了祖父母接到后代与他们同住的邀请后该如何做出选择。
25．Why was Garza's move a success?
A．It strengthened her family ties.
B．It improved her living conditions.
C．It enabled her to make more friends.
D．It helped her know more new places.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..giving them a closer relationship...可知，Garza搬去和晚辈同住后，他们的关系更亲密了，这与A项的表述“这加强了她的家庭关系”相吻合，故选A项。B、C、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
答案：A
26．What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson's decision?
A．17% expressed their support for it.
B．Few people responded sympathetically.
C．83% believed it had a bad influence.
D．The majority thought it was a trend.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的．..83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence grandparents in the American family.可知，83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定将影响美国家庭的祖父母，但没说这有不好的影响，故排除C项；由此句也可判断出，17%的人对她的决定是持反对意见或是保持中立态度，而不是支持，故排除A项；根据第二段中的Two­thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family.可知，三分之二的人认为更多的家庭将效仿奥巴马的家庭，由此可知它将成为一种趋势，故选D项，同时排除B项。
答案：D
27．What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A．They were unsure of themselves.
B．They were eager to raise more children.
C．They wanted to live away from their parents.
D．They had little respect for their grandparents.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own...可知，在20世纪60年代，人们都有点儿狂野，急于“远走高飞”来证明自己的能力，这与C项的表述“他们想远离父母生活”相吻合，故选C项。A、B、D三项表述的内容在文中未提及。
答案：C
28．What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A．Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B．Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C．Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D．Get to know themselves better.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Moving is not for everyone.以及it is wiser to say no and visit frequently可知，作者建议老年人从自己的利益出发，做出选择，A项的表述与此相吻合。根据visit frequently可知，文中指的是祖父母常去看看晚辈，而不是B项的“让他们的孩子多多探望他们”，故B项表述有误；文中虽然有is willing to make sacrifices和your adult child is struggling，但并不是要让祖父母为晚辈做出牺牲，故C项错误；D项在文中未提及。
答案：A
C
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check­in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said：“Well , I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me，re­routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。大家都知道，医生是救死扶伤的典范，作者虽然不是医生，但他的工作也与很多人的性命息息相关，大家快来读一读文章，了解一下他的工作吧！
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的I've done 89 trips以及．..from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor to the time they can be implanted in the patient，we've got 72 hours...可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。其他三项的意思：provider供应者；collector收集者，收藏家；medical doctor医生。
答案：B
30．Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?
A．He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B．The donor can only wait for that long.
C．The operation needs that much time.
D．The ice won't last any longer.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last.可知，保存干细胞的冰只能维持42个小时，所以“我”必须在这个时间内送达，D项与之相符合。A、B、C三项在文中未提及。
答案：D
31．Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?
A．To London. B．To Newark.
C．To Providence. D．To Washington.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句She arranged for a flight...for me，re­routed me through Newark and got me back to the UK...可知，她先安排“我”去了Newark，然后再转到英国，故选B项。
答案：B
D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化里的具体含义。沉默有时表示思考，有时表示无话可说……不同的文化，人们对沉默有不同的理解。沉默也可以用在医院中，它还有治疗功效呢。
32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture­specific. D．It is content­based.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.以及下文给出的不同文化里沉默代表不同含义的例子可知，选项C与之相符合，沉默有特定的文化内涵。选项A、B、D在文中都没有提到。
答案：C
33．Which of the following people might regard silen