第三小组集体作业：突破现在完成时妙招.docx

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初中英语1坊
英语第三小组
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学科
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针对的重难点问题名称
英语
初中
沪教牛津版
八年级上Unit6
突破现在完成时-妙招
妙招正文

语法教学过程是枯燥的，如何进行生动的英语语法教学，是我们学好这节课的关键。下面以具体方法为例，教授现在完成时态，。   
 1．用时间轴。 
   教师在黑板上画时间轴，如下图所示，此方法用得比较多。 
   I have seen her. 
  PAST__________________ NOW_____________FUTURE 
   2用阅读文章。 
   给学生提供一篇以现在完成时为主的短文，让其阅读后完成true or false题或填空题，对时态构成进行巩固。 
  3．用图片。 
   教师向学生展示两幅图片：一幅过去时间，一幅现在时间，指出两幅图片的差别（用一般过去时和现在完成时分别作句子）。然后两人一组进行造句练习。教师总结句子，改正学生的错误。学生重复做过的句子，老师板书，指出完成时的谓语构成及何时使用—动作发生在过去，但我们不确定它的具体时间。 
  4. 用实物。 
   教师向学生展示一些物品：书包、书、粉笔、杯子…… 然后让学生闭上眼睛片刻，迅速的拿走某些物品。提问学生：What have I moved?鼓励学生完整回答，比如：You have moved the books. 接下来可以让学生把句子写到黑板上，反复操练。 
  5. 用个人信息。 
   教师在黑板写下五个人的名字。关于每个人写下一句话，如：My son has just started school. Mary has just gone to Greece on holiday. 让学生留意just 的用法—当我们用just的时候，动作就发生在离现在不远的过去，具体时间未知。要求学生写下自己生活中的五个人，用现在完成时造句子。   
6．直接讲解。 
   教师在黑板上写出现在完成时的谓语结构，然后直接讲解用法。如：I have been to America. She has lived here for 5 years. 此方法我们用得比较多, 就不多说了。   
7．实践与展示。 
 即所谓的替换练习，学生两人一组，进行对话练习，课本上此法较多，NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH（新概念英语）提倡此法。然后教师从中选出问题提问学生。此方法的目的是让学生反复练习，达到熟练掌握。 
  8．发现。 
学生阅读曾学过的一篇短文，判断给出的句子正确与否，主要可针对主谓一致进行练习，如：The children has understand Miss Honey’s speech about Mrs.Trunchbull. Maltida have begun school a bit late. 然后让学生自己填表格
 9、学生归纳总结。 
教师告诉学生今早她都干了什么，如：I’ve had my breakfast. I’ve said goodbye to my children. I’ve drunk two cups of coffee. I’ve driven to school. 教师把What have you done this morning?写在黑板上，然后个别提问，总结出现在完成时，若有错简单更正。教师指出现在完成时被用作过去不具体的时间如果一个事件发生在过去，没有提及时间，经常用现在完成时。
    总之现在完成时教学方法很多，怎么能让学生学得轻松就采取哪一种。如用两种语言的时态进行比较教学，指出它们用法和形式的不同。

附：现在完成时讲解与练习
一、时态讲解：现在完成时
用法：
1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
★注意：
a) since和for的区别
since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there
for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：
He has come here for 2 weeks. ×
The old man has died for 4 months. ×
They have left only for 5 minutes. ×
以上三句话可以改为：
He has been here for 2 weeks.
The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months.
They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes
2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：
Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）
Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）
They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）
They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）.
3）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：
She has already come. 她已经来了。
I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。
I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。
Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。
I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。

二.练习

I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.
2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?
11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.
14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

II. Choose the best answer.
1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come B. got C. arrived D. been
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been B. gone C. went D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after B. since C. for D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet
6. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had
7.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
8. The Smiths _______ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to
10. --____ you ever ____ to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going

教学重难点解决妙招