【创新设计】2013高考英语总复习-第一单元-Unit-1-The-written-word-必修8(江苏专用).doc

Unit 1　The written word

Ⅰ.单词默写
1．classic adj经典的，古典的 n．经典作品，名著
2．abuse vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用
3．generous adj慷慨的，大方的
4．abnormal adj 不正常的，反常的，异常的
5．reform vt.，vi.&n. (使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良
6．antiaue n. 古董，古物
7．criminal n. 罪犯
8．violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的
9．exhibit vt. 展览，展出，陈列
10．rescue n．，vi.&vt. 救援，营救
11．adaptation n. something adapted or the process of adapting
12．civil adj. polite enough，without being friendly
13．talent n. a special natural ability
14．overnight adv. for or during the night
15．stress vt. to give particular importance to a matter when talking or writing about it
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1．harm n．伤害，损害，危害；邪恶，恶行→harmful adj有害的→harmless adj无害的
2．fortune n．财富；运气；好运→fortunate adj幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→misfortune n．不幸
3．settle vt.使定居；安顿，安放；解决(问题等)→settlement n．→settler n．移民
4．compare v．比较，相比→comparison n．比较→comparative adj比较性的
5．resist vi.&vt.抵抗，反抗，抵制→resistant adj抵抗的→resistance n．抵抗
语境助记——词不离句，句不离段
He had great stress to the exhibition, for his companions had strong resistance against his reform at first, but the fortune brings him good reputation and makes them tend towards it.
Ⅲ.短语落实
1．live up to 达到，符合(期望)
2．be bent on(doing) something 决心要做某事
3．come to one's rescue 救援/帮助某人
4．have nothing to do wirh和……无关
5．give up放弃
6．too_eager_to_do_sth 非常渴望做……
7．appeal_to吸引
8．get_arrested被捕
9．let_out放出，发泄，泄露
10．compare...to... 把……比作……
Ⅳ.句子翻译
1．Pip's sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man，who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.(Page 3)
皮普的姐姐经常虐待他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
2．This change in Pip is calked character development，which is an important part of almost any novel.(Page 3)
这种变化叫作性格改善，几乎是任何小说的重要组成部分。
3．Money and education change him，and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.(Page 3)
金钱和教育改变了他，不久他变得自负且羞于自己的背景。
4．它们并没有消失，并且在当今世界仍占有一席之地。(Page 2)
They_have_not_disappeared_and_still_have_a_place_in_the_world_today.
5．他同情奥立弗(Oliver)，把他带回家，并试图去改造他。(Page 9)
He_pities_Oliver，takes_him_home_and_tries_to_reform_him.

Ⅴ.教材设题
句型转换(每空不超过3个单词)
A．This makes them difficult for some people to read，and often，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.(教材P2)
→This makes them difficult for some people to read，and often，they are often left_dusty/left_gathering_dust/covered_with dust on shelves.
B．Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with life today.(教材P2)
→Nobody would bother to make these classic novels into films if not_referring_to/not_dealing_with/not_related_to/not_connected_with life today.
C．He first pullished many novels one chapter at a time in the newspaper，and some were later performed on stage.(教材P2)
→He … the newspaper，some_of_which/of_which_some were later performed on stage.
D．People say that Burn's first love encourged him to write poetry.(教材P14)
→People say that it_was Burn's first love that encouraged him to write poetry.
E．The poem was published in 1794 and，like many of Burns's poems，it was intended to be a song.(教材P14)
→The poem, intended_for/designed_for/aimed_at being a song like many of Burns's poems，was published in 1794.

spare adj.多余的；少量的
【课本原句】 Do people still read books in their spare time? (P1)人们在业余时间仍然阅读书籍吗？
in one's spare time
＝ in one's free time
＝ at one's leisure　　　　在某人的空闲时间
spare tire　　　　　　　　备胎
【联想拓展】
spare sb time 　　　　　　为某人匀出时间
spare no expense 不惜费用
spare no effort (to do) 不遗余力地(去做)
spare sbthe trouble of 不想麻烦某人
spare one's life 饶某人一命
——看看高考怎么考
①我们抽出时间、空间和爱给予狗，而狗回报给我们的是他们的全部。(2010·江西卷·单项填空)
We_give_dogs_time，space_and_love_we_can_spare，and_in_return，dogs_give_us_their_all.
②Of the two coats，I'd choose the cheaper one to ________ some money for a book. (2012·湖南石门一中高三摸底考试)
A．share B．spare C．lend D．spend
答案　B
③Some passengers complain that it usually ________ so long to fill in travel insurance documents. (2012·株洲二中月考)
A．costs B．takes C．spends D．spares
答案　B
④The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time. (2012·永州四中第一次月考)
A．from B．in C．of D．at
答案　C
fortune n．财富；运气，幸运
【课本原句】 ...a very generous stanger gives Pip a large fortune.(P3)
……一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔钱。
【联想拓展】
by good/bad fortune　　　　幸好/不幸
tell one's fortune 算命
make a fortune 发财
seek one's fortune 碰运气，找出路
come into a fortune (因继承等而)得到财产
have fortune on one's side 福星高照
fortunate adj 幸运的，吉利的
——看看高考怎么考
①在澳大利亚发现黄金这件事使成千上万的人相信(他们)注定会发大财。
The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was to be made.(2010·全国Ⅰ·单项填空32)
翻译句子
②通过看手相，她能算出你的命运。
She_can_tell_your_fortune_by_examining_your_hands.
句型转换
③She is fortunate in having a good husband.
＝She is fortunate_to have a good husband.
＝It_is_fortunate that she has a good husband.
＝Fortunately，she has a good husband.
＝By_good_fortune，she has a good husband.
＝She has_the_good_fortune to have a good husband.
resistv.抵抗，反抗，抵制
【课本原句】 ...pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.(P9)如果他反抗，(他们)就的暴力威胁的方式向他施加压力．
【联想拓展】
resist (doing) sth　　　　抵制(做)某事
resist (the) temptation 抵抗诱惑
put up resistance (to…) 进行(对……的)抵抗
be resistant to… 对……抵制
resistance n. 反抗；抵制
resistant adj. 对……有抵抗力的；抵抗……的

——看看高考怎么考
①Mootee says many people resist_going for treatment because they fear they are“crazy”．
Mootee说很多人抵制进行治疗，因为他们害怕他们会“疯狂”。
完成句子
②There has been a lot of resistance_to this new law.
反对这一部新法律的人很多。
③I was in their power，and knew it was pointless to_resist．
我在他们股掌之中，知道抗拒毫无意义。
work n．作品，著作；工作，劳动；工作成果，产品 v．工作，劳动；运转，起作用，操作；造成，产生
【课本原句】 Oliver Twist，David Copperfield and Great Expectations are probably his best­known works.(P2)《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》和《远大前程》可能是他最广为人知的作品。
【联想拓展】
work as ...　当……；做……工作
work at/on 从事于，致力于
work out 算出，理解，制定出；想出，解决；产生结果；锻炼
at work 在工作
in work/out of work 在业/失业
【注意】 (1)work作“作品，著作”讲时，是可数名词，可以说a work一部著作，two works两部著作。
(2)works作“工厂”讲时，单数和复数同形，可以说a chemical works一家化工厂。
(3)work作“工作”讲时，只能用作不可数名词，“一项工作”可以说：a piece of work。
——看看高考怎么考
翻译句子
①在我们制定计划之前，我们最好详细地讨论一切。
We'd_better_discuss_everything_in_detail_before_we_work_out_the_plan.( 2011 ·江苏卷·单项填空32)
②You can't predict everything.Often things don't ______ as you expect.
A．run out B．break out
C．work out D．put out
答案 　C
③Although the woman worked in a steel ______，she wrote several ______ in her spare time. (2012·湖南醴陵一中月考)
A．work；work B．works；work
C．work；works D．works；works
答案　D
deserve vt.值得；应得；应受
【课本原句】 ...he will have no real family and none of the love he deserves.(P4)
他将没有实际家庭，也得不到任何的爱。
【联想拓展】
deserve＋v.­ing/to be done...　值得被……
deserve sth 应得某物
deserve consideration/attention 值得考虑/注意
deserve to_do sth 应该/值得做某事
get what you deserve 罪有应得
deserve it (口)自作自受，活该
——看看高考怎么考
翻译句子
①如果做错事，你应当受罚。
If_you_do_wrong，you_deserve_punishment/to_be_punished/punishing.
②她应该成功。
She_deserves_to_succeed.
talent n[U.C]．天资，才识，人才
【课本原句】 ...he had little talent for soccer.(P11)
……他对足球几乎没有什么天赋．
【联想拓展】
show talent　　　　　　　　显示才能
average talent 普通才能
have a/much talent for music 具有音乐才能
creative/top talent 创新人才/顶尖人才
辨析　genius/gift/talent
三者都可表示“天才，才能”。
(1)genius“天才”，语气较强，主要指智力方面具有极其特殊和非凡的能力，含有独创和创造的意味，尤其指在艺术和科学方面从而大大超过不同时代的人。
(2)gift强调人天生具有的能力和品质，通常指大自然授予的，不需努力便可获得，同时不一定具有创造性；也可作“礼物”讲。
(3)talent主要指某一方面(如音乐、美术等)具有的“天资、才能”，具有talent的人往往需要后天的努力和教育去获得知识和能力，才能成为真正具有talent的人。
——看看高考怎么考
There were many talented actors out there just waiting to be discovered.(2010·江西·单项填空32)
在外面有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。
翻译句子
1．他有音乐才能。
He_has_a_talent_for_music.
2．他是一个多才多艺的人。
He_was_a_man_of_many_talents.
pressure vt.对……施加压力，迫使 n．压力，挤压，强大的影响
【课本原句】 Pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.(P9)
如果他抗拒的话，就以暴力威胁对他施压。
【联想拓展】
put pressure on sb(to do sth)　给某人施加压力(做某事)；迫使某人(做某事)
under pressure 有压力的，在压力下
pressure sb to do sth/into doing sth
迫使某人做某事
——看看高考怎么考
①He also gave me some pressures(pressure)on dressing and speaking.I handed out my resume and went home feeling very disappointed.(2011·安徽卷·完形填空)
②Can you work under_pressure在压力下)
③We don't want to ______ pressure ______ you to make a decision，but we haven't much time left. (2012·湖南隆回一中月考)
A．put；to B．place；on C．put；on D．place；to
答案　C
adaptation n．改编，改写；适应，改变
【课本原句】 Three years later，in 1998，a modern adaptation of Charlies Dicken's novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas.(P2)三年后，1998年，查理·狄更斯小说《远大前程》现代版被搬上银幕。
【联想拓展】
adapt vt.　　　　　较适应，较适合；改编；改写
adapt...to 较……适应
He's working in a screen adaptation of his latest novel.
他正在把他最新小说改编成电视剧。
She was responsible for the adaptation of the book.
她负责改编这本书。
——看看高考怎么考
①He tried hard to_adapt_himself(使自己适应)to the new conditions.
②The author is going to_adapt(改编他的剧本)his script for television.
③He has not yet adapted_to(适应)the climate.
tend vi.趋向，倾向；照料，照管(某人/物)；在(商铺、酒吧等)中接待顾客
【课本原句】 The poetry of this period tends to use imagination and touch on strong feelings.(P14)
这个时期的诗歌往往利用想象而强烈感人。
【联想拓展】
tend to do sth　　　　易于/往往会做某事(尤指不好或恼人的事)
tend towards... 有……的趋势，倾向于……
tend to 照料，照顾；接待
tendency n. 倾向，趋势
——看看高考怎么考
①Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic_tendency(遗传倾向)to expand wherever possible.(2011·江西卷·阅读理解D)
②Examples include the color of the teen's hair，the cleanliness of the bedroom，the preferred style of clothing，the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school ，or his tendency_to_sleep_(喜欢睡觉)until noon on the weekends.(2010·湖北卷·阅读理解B)
③His mother was ill and he_had_to_tend_to_her(他得照顾她)．
④The sort of music he listens to variesbut ______ popular music.
(2011·长沙市一中月考)
A．tended to B．tends towards
C．tended at D．tends at
答案　B

would rather 宁愿，宁可
【课本原句】 Pip's sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man，who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.(P3)皮普的姐姐经常虐待他，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
would rather (not) do sth 　　 　宁愿(不)做某事
would rather do...than do... 宁愿……而不愿……
would rather sbdid sth 宁愿某人做某事
would rather sbhad done sth 宁愿(过去)某人已做了某事

【联想拓展】
prefer to do....rather than do... 　　　喜欢做……胜过做……
rather than 而不是
other than 除了
or rather 更确切地说——满分作文之佳句
a．If I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet.
b．If I had to give up one of them, I would prefer turning off the TV to switching off my cellphone or cutting off the Internet.
c．If I had to give up one of them, I'd rather turn off the TV than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet.
d．We usually greet others with a nod and a smile to them rather than hugging them or kissing them on the cheek.
——看看高考怎么考
①He said he would rather not ______ it right away.
(2012·湖南祁东育贤中学月考)
A．doing B．to do
C．do D．to be doing
答案　C
②I __ depend on Mary until I am quite sure that she is trustworthy.
(2012·湖南石齐学校月考)
A．would rather not B．would rather
C．wouldn't rather D．would rather to
答案　A
③－I am taking my son to Laos for sightseeing.
－I would rather you ______ that，for the bird flu has claimed several lives there.
2012·湖南洞口一中高三摸底考试)
A．hadn't done B．didn't do
C．will not D．are not doing
答案B
be bent on... 专心致志于……
【课本原句】 Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella's love.(P3)
皮普一心要成为一名绅士，赢得爱斯拉特的芳心。
be bent on sth/doing sth
一心想要某物/做某事；决心要
bend one's mind /thoughts/efforts to...
集中精力于……，专心致志于……
【联想拓展】
make up one's mind 　　　　下定决心
determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)
be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)
determine sbto do sth 使某人下决心做某事
decide to do sth 下决心做某事
decide on/upon 选定，决定
——看看高考怎么考
根据语境填词
①Jim seems bent (bend) on becoming a musician.
②Mary is bent on becoming an actress.

Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.Joe来伦敦看他，Pip很不乐意。
本句的 it 属于it的模糊用法，主要用在某些句型和词组里。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.
我很讨厌人们满嘴食物讲话。
I like it when you say something like that.
你说那话我很高兴。
I like it if you give me a hand.
如果你能帮我一把，我会很高兴的。

——看看高考怎么考
①I would appreciate______if you come to my grandma's birthday party and say“Hello”to her.
A．that B．it C．you D．me
答案　B
翻译句子
②不过他们不喜欢你占用他们太多的时间。
But_they_do_not_like_it_if_you_take_up_too_much_of_their_time.
③如果他迟到了，老师会不乐意的。
The_teacher_won't_like_it_if_he_is_late.
Ⅰ.用黑体词的同义、反义或派生词完成句子
1(1)I'm not so simple as to think it will be easy.
(2)It's such a complex question that I can't answer it in a sentence.
2．(1)She was always very generous in her charity.
(2)He is very mean and he never lends anything to us.
3．(1)Cherish life，stay away from drugs!
(2)The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse．
4．(1)He's got a lot more work to do on the book.
(2)Is he responsible enough to get a good job and keep it?
5．(1)The police found some stolen property in the thief's house.
(2)Health is a great wealth in man.
6．(1)The wooden bath barrels are popular and fashional because of its classicism.
(2)The temple has been considered an example of classic design.　
7．(1)What I love is her literary style.
(2)His special interest lies in the area of literature．
8．(1)I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare.
(2)This machine has been specially adapted for underwater use.
9．(1)My father was a simple farm­worker.
(2)It can get complicated，but we'll simplify it.
10．(1)If we interfere，it may do more harm than good.
(2)It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.
Ⅱ.短语填空
give away; be lost to; tend to; be suitable for; have a place in; on stage；live up to
1．His recent work lives_up_to his reputation.
2．This method of measurement is_suitable_for most island waters and coastal areas.
3．John is a man who is worthy to have_a_place_in the team.
4．He would rather give_away a point than claim an advantage.
5．People tend_to have very strong feelings about which style they prefer.
Ⅲ.完成译文
1．止痛药有副作用，一次应该只吃一片。
Painkillers have side effects，so you should only take one pill at_a_time．
2．Pip决心做一个有教养的人。
Pip is bent on becoming an educated person.
3．一看到他的旧足球，Kevin叹了一口气，充满了愧疚。
Kevin was filled with sorrow at the sight of his old ball，and let out a sad sigh.
4．Mile在足球方面没什么天赋。
Mike has little talent for soccer.
5．在旧袜子上裹了一块塑料纸做了一只足球。
Mike made a ball out of old socks covered with a piece of plastic.
Ⅳ.单项填空
1．Sean's strong love for his country is ________ in his recently published poems.
A．relieved B．reflected
C．responded D．recovered
答案　B　[reflect反映；反射。句意：Sean对祖国强烈的爱反映在他最近出版的诗里。]
2．The wounded eagle flew away and at last ________ on top of a huge rock.
A．fallen B．dropped C．settled D．sat
答案　C　[句意：那只受伤的鹰飞走了最后落在一块大岩石的顶部。]
3．I saw the children sitting in the ________ of the tree，which helped them stay free from the strong sunshine.
A．shadow B．shape C．shade D．shelter
答案　C　[shadow影子，阴影；shape形状；shade荫凉处；shelter藏身处；住所。句意：我看见孩子们坐在树荫下，这有助于他们躲避强光的照射。]
4．He was turned away for the film that