考前100天2015中考英语写作题型篇写作题型篇.docx

写作题型篇

01 命题趋势 考标导向化
1.命题特点
书面表达是全国各地中考的必考题型，其目的在于考查学生运用各项语法知识、正确进行书面表达的能力以及理解情景提示的内容、抓住要点和中心思想的能力。书面表达分值在15分左右。题型主要有话题作文、看图作文和应用作文三种，其中话题作文和应用作文所占比重较大。
2.内容特点
(1)常见的体裁有：记叙文、描写文、说明文和应用文(包括书信、日记、通知、便条、贺卡、启事、电话留言条)等。
(2)题材与生活实际紧密联系，并关注社会焦点、热点问题，体现人文关怀。
(3)注重情境设计。书面表达中所设计的情景密切联系现实生活，写作题材源于生活，使学生有话可说，有利于学生写出真情实感，也有利于学生主动性、创造性的发挥。
(4)内容要点清楚，表达形式多样，为学生提供更自由的发挥空间。
预计2015年中考对书面表达的考查难度会稍有加大，文体以应用作文为主，话题作文和看图作文将有增加的趋势；内容会更加广泛，贴近社会生活。
02 题型解读 题型归类化
◆类型Ⅰ话题作文
【解题策略】
此类题型通常会给出一定的提示，如中文提示、英文提示、关键词提示、要点提示、首句提示等，要求根据这些提示写一篇完整的短文。有时题目会有一个图表材料，其中包括所有的要点和提示，要求学生抓住要点信息，按一定的主题和体裁进行写作。写作时，应注意以下三点：
1.认真审题，看清题目中的要求
写作书面表达前要认真仔细地阅读有关的提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，它包含哪些情景、内容和要求，要明确题目有哪些要点，且要点必须齐备。要考虑用哪种体裁，是记叙文、说明文还是议论文；用第几人称来表述；选择什么时态。这样，思路才能条理清晰。
2.根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能运用到的表达
话题作文通常会给出一些汉语提示(有时也会给出一些英语参考词汇)。首先应认真阅读提示内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。对于以表格、图表出现的描述文进行写作时，要读懂所隐含的信息，分析文章难点，确定如何去写。在理解好中(英)文提示的基础上，认真选词，用准确的英文句子把文章的意思完整地表达出来。有时一个句子可能会有几种表达方式，要根据实际情况选用最有把握的一种。遇到自己不是十分确定的词句，可采用变通的方法，切忌使用难词、难句。
3.紧扣要点，动笔写作
依据写作提纲，完成短文。在写作的过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳、自然流畅。
【题组训练】
A(2014·山西)
学习方法、自我反思、合作交流、同伴互评是学习过程中几个重要的方面。其中，有效的学习方法能使你的学习境界大开，让学习成为一种享受。
在你初中三年的学习过程中，你一定会有一些好的学习方法与你的同伴分享，请按以下要求写一篇短文，内容包含以下要点：
●your good learning method(s)
●an experience that you helped your partners
●your thoughts and feelings
要求：1.词数80左右，提示词仅供参考；
2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名；
3.请将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。
______________________________________________________________________

B(2014·河南)
你身边的每个人对你来说都具有特殊的意义。请以“My special ________”为题用英语写一篇短文，描述你家庭的某个成员或你的朋友、老师、同学等。
要求:1.在题目空格处填入你要描述的对象，如grandma，teacher或friend等;
2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.80词左右。
My special ___________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C(2014·陕西)
在日常生活中，你看到身边有哪些不良现象？请列出—些并就某些方面说说你的做法和想法。
提示：speak loudly，cut in line(插队)，waste food，unfriendly(冷漠的)，offer no help…
要求：1.参考提示语，可适当发挥；
2.语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
3.文中不得出现真实姓名和地名；
4词数：不少于80词。(开头和结尾已给出不计入总词数。)
In our daily life, I usually see some bad behavior around us. For example,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think if everyone can think more of others, we will have a better living environment.
D(2014·江西)
阅读使人明智，阅读使人充实。某英文报为了了解中学生课外阅读情况，向广大中学生做调查，请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍课外阅读的益处、你的课外阅读情况及你的阅读计划。
提示：
1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；
2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
Reading outside class
plan
benefit
(益处)
what
habit
…

Open up eyes, wise, rich…
What kind of books do you like reading? Why?
Do you read e-books(电子书)？
Why or why not?
When do you usually read?
How long do you read a day or a week?
3.词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Reading Outside Class
As we all know，reading has a lot of benefits._______________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◆类型Ⅱ看图作文
【解题策略】
看图作文是通过对图片的观察来获取语言素材的，即根据图片呈现的内容，结合所给的汉语提示或英语提示来描述图画的内容，使意思连贯、通顺，并符合图意。写作看图作文时，应注意以下几点：
1.仔细审题，弄清题目要求，明确写作的中心思想
首先，应将所给的全部图画或图表连贯起来看，明确所给图画展示的是何种情景，并结合汉语或英语的提示，明确图片所要表达的中心内容。
2.仔细观察图画，确定具体细节要素，列出写作提纲
通常图画表达的是一个完整的故事情节，如：故事发生的时间、地点、主人公、事情、结局等。根据图画及提示内容列出写作要点，再根据列出的要点确定使用哪些词汇、句型或惯用表达法。
3.明确时态，理顺思路，完成表达
根据图片和提示的内容，确定表达应需要哪种时态；依据写作提纲，进一步理顺写作思路，将图与图之间的内在联系运用一定的语言逻辑连接起来，把形象生动的图像信息转化为相应的文字表达，并注意写作过程应详略得当。
【题组训练】
A(2014·徐州)
Nancy和Victor是双胞胎。一天他们因为看电视发生了争执。请根据图片提示，并展开合理想象，完整地描述这件事情，然后谈谈你的看法。
要求:1.短文90词左右，已给出的部分不计入总词数;
2.文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
参考词汇:遥控器remote control

Television has changed our life much since it was invented. Now it has become one important part of modern life.
Nancy and Victor are twins.____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B(2014·黄冈)
你准备参加学校“英语角”开展的“用英语讲故事”活动，你选取了“曹冲称象”这个大家熟悉的故事。

请你根据上边图片内容，用英语写一篇80词以上的小短文。
注意:标题、开头和结尾已在答题纸上给出，不计字数。
How Cao Chong Had the Elephant Weighed
Cao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present.He wanted to know how heavy the elephant was，but there was no scale(秤)big enough to weigh such a huge creature.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Cao Chong said to his father with kind of pride.
C(2014·台州)
根据下边图片的内容，以“Mother Stops Him”，为题，用英语写一篇短文，向某英语报社投稿。要求如下：

(1)描述图中发生的亊件；
(2)简单分析妈妈的行为对孩子可能产生的不良影响；
(3)指出老人若不被扶起可能出现的后果；
(4)倡议人们彼此信任、互相帮助。
词数:80-100。标题和开头已给出，不计人总词数。
参考词汇：lift…up扶起knock…down撞倒trust信任
Mother Stops Him
Here is a picture from a news report. In the picture，we can see three people. An old woman is lying on the ground._____________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D(2014·湖州)
合理安排闲暇时间有助于养成良好的生活习惯，最近你们班同学就How to Spend Free Time 进行了交流。请结合下图所提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，并谈谈你的看法。

要求：1.短文必须包括图中全部信息，可适当发挥；
2.条理清晰，能表明自己的观点并说明理由；
3.80-100词，开头已给出，不计入总数；
4.短文中不能出现真实姓名、校名、地名等信息。
How to Spend Free Time
Recently my classmates have talked about how to spend our free time._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
◆类型Ⅲ 应用作文
【解题策略】
应用作文在人们的日常生活、工作和学习中运用最为广泛，因此是近几年中考高频书面表达题型之一。它包括书信(明信片)、电子邮件、日记、便条(请假条、留言条、电话记录、贺卡)、通知、启事(失物启事、招领启事、征聘启事)、发言稿等。写作应用文要把握好以下四点：
1.确定格式
英语中书信、电话留言、e-mail等都有一定的书写格式习惯；而发言稿、值日报告、演讲稿等也有较为固定的格式，开场白一般用Good morning/afternoon/evening!My dear friends! 或者Ladies and gentlemen!接下来是正文，结束语常用That’s all.Thank you! Thanks for your attention.Thanks for listening.
2.确定内容
依据内容，列出写作要点，注意不要漏掉所给出的提示内容，同时所给的参考词汇也要全部用上。在语言的使用上，要认真把握。如：若是写发言稿的话，因为发言稿是面向听众的，所以最好使用大众化的语言，做到简洁明快、条理清楚、观点明确。
3.确定人称
应用文往往采用第一人称的形式。
4.确定时态
应用文在时态的使用方面，多用一般现在时，当然在具体的写作过程中也会涉及其他的时态，要认真把握好。
【题组训练】
A(2014·安徽)
假定你是王伟，你的英国笔友David来信问及你们学校在暑假期间对学生的要求。请你根据以下要点给他回一封电子邮件。
●家庭安全：小心用火用电，外出时关好门窗；
●游泳安全：不独自去游泳，不去河、湖游泳；
●交通安全:过马路要当心，不在马路上玩耍。
提示词：electricity(n.电)
注意：1.词数80-100；
2.请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；
3.文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；
4.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear David,
Glad to receive your e-mail. Our school has made many safety rules for us to follow. Let me tell you something about them.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I think these rules are necessary as safety comes first.
Have a good summer holiday!
Yours,
Wang Wei
B(2014·河北)
请阅读Tony从美国发来的电子邮件，并根据所给提示和要求，以李华的名义回复。
Hey Li Hua!
How are you dong? I’ve been busy since I came back from China. Guess what! I’m learning Chinese cooking，and I really enjoy it.
One more thing, I hear you have Mid-Autumn Festival in China. What’s the date of the festival? How do you celebrate?
Tony

提示：(1)Ask Tony something about his Chinese cooking.
(2)Answer his questions about Mid-Autumn Festival.
要求：(1)邮件须包括所有提示内容；
(2)邮件中不得涉及真实的人名、校名、地名。开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
(3)词数60~80。
参考词汇：the lunar calendar(阴历)，moon cake，watch the moon，the symbol of reunion(团圆的象征)
Hey, Tony!
Good to hear from you! It’s amazing that you’re learning _____
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bye for now,
Li Hua
C(2014·孝感)
根据下列提示写一篇80-100词的日记，记录5月1日(星期四)你和Tony一起去参观湖北博物馆的情况。
内容提示：
1.天气：晴朗；
2.距离：距家约六十公里；
3.交通工具：公共汽车；
4.时间：上午7点出发，下午4点回家；
5.内容：参观了许多图片，文物(ancient objects)等，了解了楚文化……；
6.感想：……
要求：1.要点齐全，条理清楚，语句通顺，适当发挥，语法正确，书写规范；
2.文中不得出现真实校名及姓名，否则不予评分。
Thursday，May 1st Sunny
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
D(2014·武汉)
假如你是李明。本周五早上你班同学将去格林农场参加实践活动。请你用英语草拟一则通知。
内容要点如下:
1.摘蔬菜，给植物浇水;
2.7点校门口集合，乘车前往;
3.体验农场生活，活动约2小时;
4.相互关照，注意安全;
5.补充一至两点有关事项。
注意:
1.词数:60-80;
2.不要逐条翻译，内容要连贯;
3.通知的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:experience v.体验pick v.摘activity n.活动
Fellow students，
Our class are going to Green Farm this Friday morning._______
___________________________________________________________
Thank you for your attention.

参考答案：
写作题型篇
◆类型Ⅰ话题作文
A）One possible version:
Good learners must have good ways.Discussing in a group really helps me have a better understanding of what I’ve learned.It broadens my mind and allows me more chances to express my thoughts.
Shy and nervous，my classmate Jeff used to hide himself behind books.Answering questions in public was quite a difficult job for him.Once our math teacher asked us to solve a difficult problem.I encouraged Jeff to discuss his idea with us and we found his way was so creative.Then we advised him to write his answer on the blackboard and explain it to us.Believe it or not，he did it and we saw his great improvement after that.
Discussing in a group not only makes me enjoy the happiness of being a good learner but also deepens the friendship between Jeff and me.Knowledge comes from communicating and questioning.By discussing，we learn more wisely and better.
B)One possible version:
My special grandma
My grandma is special to me because we’re like friends.She always helps me out whenever I am in trouble.There are no secrets between us.
When I am with my grandma，we spend a lot of happy time together.I know my grandma is very smart because she seems to know everything.My grandma is good at many things.One thing she’s best at is cooking.She often cooks delicious food for me.I know my grandma loves me and I love her as well.
C)One possible version:
In our daily life，I usually see some bad behavior around us.For example，I often hear people speak and laugh loudly in public.It is too noisy.Some people cut in line while others are waiting.It makes me unhappy.And in our school dining hall，I often see students waste food.
At times，people seem unfriendly and offer no help when others are in trouble.For me，my parents are strict with me.They often tell me to behave well.So I never drop litter about.And I never draw on the desk or on the wall.I am polite to old people.
I think if everyone can think more of others，we will have a better living environment.
D)One Possible Version:
Reading Outside Class
As we all know，reading has a lot of benefits. It can open up our eyes because books are full of knowledge，and it makes us wiser and richer in life.I like reading newspapers and magazines，from which I get lots of fun and learn about what’s going on around the world.I also read story books and novels in my spare time which make me relaxed and happy.I seldom read e-books because they’re bad for eyes.On weekends，I usually spend a whole afternoon reading in the library.And I also read for about half an hour before going to bed every night.
Summer vacation is coming.I plan to do more reading.I am going to read more classics and more English books to improve my language skills.I’m sure reading can make a difference to my life.
◆类型Ⅱ看图作文
A)One Possible Version:
Television has changed our life much since it was invented.Now it has become one important part of modern life.
Nancy and Victor are twins.They look the same in many ways.But they have different hobbies.For example，they both like watching TV.Victor likes sports.He likes watching sports news in the evening.Nancy likes watching TV plays.But there is only a TV set in their family.
One day，it was time for news.Victor wanted to watch news first.But Nancy wanted to watch her favorite TV play.They both wanted to take the remote control，then they quarreled.The sound made their mother come in.After she knew the reason why they quarreled.She told Victor，“Victor，you are the brother，I believe you can deal with the thing.”
Victor’s face turned red，then he told Nancy，“You watch it，I will watch it next day.After all news will be played next day，and TV plays won’t.”
Nancy smiled，so did mother.
B)One Possible Version:
How Cao Chong Had the Elephant Weighed
Cao Cao was very glad to have received an elephant as a present.He wanted to know how heavy the elephant was，but there was no scale(秤)big enough to weigh such a huge creature.
One day，Cao Chong said to his father.“I’ve found a way to weigh the elephant.”Cao Chong asked a man to lead the elephant onto a boat.When the boat stopped sinking the man draw a line along on the boat side.After the elephant was led away，Cao Chong had some men put stones into the boat until the water reached the line.Cao Chong asked the men to weigh each stone from the boat and put down the number.“Add up all the numbers and we will know the weight of the elephant.” Cao Chong said to his father with kind of pride.
C）One Possible Version:
Mother Stops Him
Here is a picture from a news report.In the picture，we can see three people.An old woman is lying on the ground.A boy is trying to lift her up，but his mother stops him at onc