句子成分掌握句子成分把握句子脉络有助于理解句子意思市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成份,掌握句子成份,把握句子脉络,有助于理解句子意思.见到英语,句子应当首先抓住句子主要成份,即:主语部分和谓语部分.,先弄清句子所要陈说对象(谁 或什么),干(做)什么,然后,在去找修饰成份或阐明成份.句子所要陈说对象(谁或什,么)是主语;干(做)是 谓语;谓语承受者是宾语.修饰主语,和宾语成份是定语;修饰谓语、形容词或副词成份是状,语;系动词之后成份是表语.比如:,The Chinese workers are building a tall building,near the school.,These delicious food tastes good.,定语 主语 谓语 定语 宾语,状语,定语 定语 主语 谓语 表语,第1页,第1页,第一节 主语,主语是句子所要陈说对象.它是一句话“头”,它回答“谁”,“什么”问题.作主语主要 是名词和代词,另一方面尚有数词,动名词,不定式,从句等.,比如:,You are wanted on the phone.,2)Mary is the cleverest of the tree.,3)-What makes you so upset.,-Losing the wallet.,4)Its no use crying over spilt milk.,5)To see is to believe.,6)Whether he comes or not doesnt matter.,7)Its important for you to finish this task.,(代词作主语),(名词作主语),(疑问词作主语),(动名词作主语),(动名词作主语),(不定式作主语),(从句作主语),(不定式作主语),主语普通情况下放在句首,只有在疑问句或倒装句中后移.,第2页,第2页,练习题,I.找出下列句中主语并说出是有什么来充当,1.We wrote a letter of thanks to whoever had helped us.,2.Whether you dont like him is none of my business.,3.They live on a busy street.It must be very noisy.,4.There are some boys and girls on the playground.,5.To say it is easier than to do it.,(代词),(主语从句),(代词)(代词),(名词),(不定式短语),第3页,第3页,6.It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship.,7.My brother gave me two books.The first was a novel.,8.Skating is good exercise.,9.The wounded have already been sent to the hospital.,10.How to do it well is an important question.,不定式短语,(名词);,(数词),(动名词),(形容词),(带疑问词不定式短语),第4页,第4页,II.用正确词性填空,_(fight)broke out between the South and the,North.,2._(complete)the building in two months,will be a great achievement.,3._(succeed)or _(fail)depends on the,support of the masses.,4.What has _(happen)proves that our policy,is right.,5._(its)happened that I wasnt there that day.,Fighting,To complete,Success,failure,happened,It,第5页,第5页,第二节 谓 语,谓语是句子躯干,说明主语动作.谓语动词伴随主语,不同而改变伴随时间不同而改变,伴随与主语不同关,系(主动关系和被动关系)而改变,总之,时时在变.谓语有三,种不同形式:,1)动词 They planted many trees on the hill.,2)情态动词+动词 You must stay at home.,3)系动词+表语 The report is very interesting.,第6页,第6页,掌握谓语应注意它几种改变:,1)人称和数改变 如:I work in a foreign country.,He works in a foreign country.,2)时态改变 如:,I usually,get,up at six.(普通现在时),I,am getting,up now.(现在进行时),I,got,up at five yesterday.(普通过去时),I,will get,up at seven tomorrow.(普通未来时),I,have,already,got,up.(现在完毕时),I,was getting,up when he came in.(过去进行时),I,had got,up when he came to my house.(过去完毕时),I told my mother that I,would get,up.(过去未来时),第7页,第7页,3)语态改变 如:,The children carried school bags.,(积极语态),School bags were carried by the children.,(被动语态),4)语调改变 如:,I was very busy,so I didnt go to see him.,(真实语调),I would have gone to see him if I had not,been ery busy.,(虚拟语调),第8页,第8页,练习题,I.指出下列句中谓语并注意改变形式,The earth moves round the sun.,2.The factory has already gone into production.,3.We must get rid of bad habits.,4.Another kind of pollution is noise.,5.Your sentence doesnt sound right.,6.The leaves have turned yellow.,7.The weather continued fine for several days.,普通现在是第三人称单数,现在完毕时,情态动词加动词,系表结构,系表结构否认式,系表结构完毕时,系表结构过去时,第9页,第9页,II.填入动词适当形式,1.Fifty miles _(be)not a great distance.,2.He _(marry)for three years.,3.So fast _ light _(travel)that it is difficult,for us to imagine its speed.,4.A lot of trees _(must,plant)on the hills.,5.What _ the boy _(do)in the room?,6.The woman did _(stay)at home last Sunday.,is,has been married,does travel,must be planted,is doing,stay,第10页,第10页,第三节 宾 语,宾语表示,动作对象,是动作,承受者,只有及物动词才会,有宾语.宾语普通放,在谓语动词之后,.放在动词后宾语叫,做动词宾语,而放在介词之后宾语叫做介词宾语.,作主语成份词也可做宾语成份,如:,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式等,.,有一部分动词能跟,双宾语,(直接宾语和间接宾语)人称代词,做间接宾语;表示物名词做直接宾语.能跟双宾语动词,有:,give,pass,choose,teach,buy,show,send,bring,cook,普通情况是间接宾语在前直接宾语在后,有时,需要,直接宾语提前,这时需要在间接宾语之前加上,to 或 for,;加“to”加“for”由动词决定,动词有“方向”含义用“to”,其,余 用 for,第11页,第11页,如:,give,the book,to,me 把书给我,pass,the knife,to,her 把刀递给她,buy,a nice book,for,me 给我买本书,同源宾语是指一部分动词后跟上一个与它,意义相同宾语,如:live,die ,sleep,smile dream,fight,laugh,例句:We are now living a happy life.,复合宾语是指动词后宾语带上自己一个补足语.,宾语与补足语之间构成逻辑上主谓关系.能跟复合,宾语动词有:call,make,let,ask,tell,see,hear,例句:,We call him Tom .我们管他叫汤姆.(him)Tom,I saw him go into the classroom.我看到他进了教室,.him go into the classroom,第12页,第12页,练习题,I.指出下列句中宾语并注意它们形式,1.Crusoe made another fence round his cave.,2.He gave up teaching only two years ago.,3.She has learned to play the piano.,4.It is time for supper.,5.Did you write down what he said?,6.Hes going to teach us English next term.,7.Could you spare me a few minutes?,8.She smiled her thanks as she turned away.,名词,动名词,动词不定式,名词作介词宾语,名词性从句,代词作间接宾语,名词作直接宾语,代词作间接宾语,名词作直接宾语,名词作宾语,第13页,第13页,II.完毕下列各句,1.I remember _(去过那里),2.Please remember _(锁上门),when you leave the room.,3.I like _(唱流行歌曲),4.I like _(唱一首英文歌曲)this time.,5.The computer cant helps us _,(处理所有问题),6.The girl couldnt help _(哭)when she heard,the news.,going there before,to lock the door,singing pop songs,to sing an English song,(to)solve every problem,crying,第14页,第14页,III.把下列句中直接宾语提前,1.Ill buy you a new shirt.,2.Show me your passport.,3.Do bring me your textbook.,4.Pour me a cup of tea.,5.He paid the workers the money,.,Ill buy a new shirt,for,you.,Show you passport,to,me,Do bring your textbook,to,me,Pour a cup of tea,for,me.,He paid the money,to,the workers.,第15页,第15页,第四节 表 语,表语是用来阐明主语身份,特性和状态,只有系动词之,后才有表语.常见得系动词有:be,become,appear,look,sound,seem,taste,smell,feel,get,grow,go,come 作表语有:名词,代词,形容词和分词,数词,副词,从句,不定式和动名词.如:,1)My idea is,that we water the vegetables first,.,(从句),2)I must be,off,now.,(副词),3)Their job is,collecting stamps,.,(动名词),4)Three times five is,fifteen,.,(数词),5)The match became very,exciting,.,(现在分词),6)the child feels much,better,today.,(形容词),第16页,第16页,学习掌握表语应当注意下列三个区别:,1)名词作表语与形容词作表语区别:,名词作表语回答What问题;而形容词作表语回答How问题.比如:,His father is a worker.(What is his father?),His father is tall.(How is his father?),2)动名词作表语与现在分词作表语区别:,动名词作表语回答What问题;而现在分词作表语回答How,问题 比如:,My job is collecting stamps.(What is your job?),The book is interesting.(How is the book?),3)现在分词作表语与现在进行时区别:,现在分词作表语表示某物(人)是怎么样;而现在进行时则,表示某人正在做某事.,比如:The film is moving.(这部电影很感人.),The children are moving the big table.(孩子们正,挪动那长大桌子.),第17页,第17页,练习题,I.找出下列各句中表语并注意它们形式,1.Beijing is the capital of China.,2.The street used to be very dirty.,3.His wish was to become an engineer.,4.Her job is raising pigs.,5.The situation is encouraging.,6.The door remained locked.,7.We must be off now.,8.That is against the interests of the people.,9.My idea is that we should stick to our plan.,10.The question is how to run the machine,.,(名词),(形容词),(动词不定式),(动名词短语),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词）,（介词短语）,(从句）,(带疑问词不定式）,第18页,第18页,II.用所给词正确形式填空,1.The news sounds _(inspire),2.We are _(interest)in the story.,3.My work is _(clean)the classroom tomorrow,morning,4.The people in the city are very _.,(happiness),5.That is his book.The one on the desk is _,(my).,6.Mother was very angry because all the housework,remained _(undo),inspiring,interested,to clean,happy,mine,undone,第19页,第19页,第五节 定 语,定语是修饰成份,它用来修饰名词.用作定语有形容词,代词，数词，名词,副词，名词所有格，分词，动名词，,不定式，介词短语和定语从句。形容词，代词，数词，,名词所有格，,单个分词或动名词和名词作定语时放在,被修饰词之前；副词，各种短语和从句作定语时放在,被修饰词之后.,比如：a tall building(tall 为形容词）,some bananas,(some 为代词）,three scientists (three 为数词），,Bettys father (Bettys 为名词所有格）,a tea cup,（tea 为名词），teaching plan (teaching 为动名词），,the running horse（running 为现在分词），,第20页,第20页,the people there (there 为副词），,something to say (to say 为动词不定式），,the books on the desk （on the desk 为介词短语）,the people interested in the film(interested in the film,为分词短语)，the room where I live,(where I live 为定语从句),掌握定语有两个值得注意问题：一、动名词与现在分词,区别 ，动名词作定语能够理解为.for v-ing ,如：,a swimming pool =a pool for swimming;而现在分词作,定语能够理解为：.that is v-ing 如：an interesting,story=a story that is interesting,二、复合形容词作定语，如:a three-storey-high building,(一幢三层高楼房）复合形容词中名词为单数，一定,要加连字符。,又如：a one-mile-wide river(一条一英里宽河流),第21页,第21页,练习题,I.找出下列各句中定语并注意它们形式,1.Our country is a great country.,2.His words moved everyone present.,3.This has to be permitted by the leading comrades.,4.He is a man loved by all.,5.We must work for the interests of the people.,6.Do you know the comrade who spoke just now?,7.The train which has just left is for Shanghai.,8.I have something important to tell you.,9.Do you want anything else?,10.I have a meeting to attend.,(代词）,(形容词）,(动名词）,(过去分词短语）,(介词短语）,(从句）,(从句）,（形容词）,(副词）,(动词不定式）,(形容词代词）,第22页,第22页,II.翻译下列词组,a much discussed topic,2.a man-made satelite,3.a chosen topic,4.running water,5.a sleeping boy,6.a three-year-old boy,7.a one-mile-wide river,8.一本很难读懂书,9.没有做工作,10.将要举办会议,11.党员,12.服务中心,13.游泳池,14.昨天来那个人,15.年终,热点题目,人造卫星,选题,流动水;,正在睡觉孩子,三岁孩子,一英里宽河,a book difficult to understandundone work,a meeting to be held,a Party member,a service centre,a swimming pool,a man who came yesterday,the end of a year,第23页,第23页,第六节 状 语,状语也是修饰成份，它是用来,修饰动词,，,形容词或副词,。,它阐明,动作时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、条件、,程度、伴随,情况 等等。因此，状语分为：时间状语、地点,状语，方式状语、原因状语、结果状语，条件状语、程,度状语、伴随状语等。,用作状语有:,副词、介词短语、分词或分词短语、动词,不定式、名词和从句,，例句下列：,1.,Suddenly,it began to rain.,副词,.,2.,According to the plan,we must finish the work,tomorrow,.,介词短语,；,名词,。,3.He sat,there,smoking,.,副词;现在分词,。,4.,Not knowing what to do,he decided to ask the teacher,for advice。,现在分词短语,第24页,第24页,5.,The other day,I went,to see a friend of mine in town,.,名词短语,，,不定式短语,。,6.Wait,a moment,.,名词,7.,If it is fine tomorrow,well go to plant trees.,从句,。,8.,Given another chance,we will make it better.,过去分词短语,状语位置比较灵活，普通有三个位置：,一.放在,句尾,。如：We went to the park,yesterday,.,二.放在,句首,。如：,Usually,I read the newspaper in the morning ,but,yesterday I read them in the evening.,第25页第25页,三，放在,动词之前,，在,to be 或积极词或情态动词之后,，,这类状语往往是单个副词。,如：often,still,never,also,always,already,usually,even,ever,quite,almost,certainly.,He,always,helps others.。,I shall,never,forget that day.,在句中同时有时间状语和地点状语时，,地点状语普通放,在时间状语之前,。如：,The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow,afternoon.会议明天将在教室举办。修饰形容词和副词状语普通放在被修饰词之前。如：,It is raining,very/rather/quite,hard.,It is raining,so,hard that/,too,hard for us to go.,enough,修饰形容词或副词时，应放在,形容词或副词之后,。,如：Are you warm,enough,?,第26页,第26页,练习题,I.找出下列各句中状语并 指出属于哪类状语,1.The visitors were warmly welcomed by the students.,2.He did his experiment carefully in the lab yesterday.,3.They did everything they could to save the workers life.,4.Being blind,how could they see?,5.Greatly inspired by the teachers words,I have made,up my mind to work at English even harder.,6.The book is very popular among young people.,方式,地点,时间,目,原因,程度,原因,范围,方式,第27页,第27页,7.He entered the dark room,gun in hand.,8.I do it because I like it.,9.We must do as the Party tells us.,10.This room is larger than that one.,11.Considering her age,we must say she is doing well.,12.In spite of that,I would like to go there myself.,13.The boy lay down after he had a long walk.,14.Happy and gay,the girl rushed into the room.,伴随,原因,方式,条件,让步,比较,伴随,时间,第28页,第28页,II.用所给词正确形式填空,1.Weve won the game!shouted the students,_.(excited),2.It is a _ good place to visit.(pretty),3.We _ come to see him.(usual),4.As we didnt know the way,we stopped _,the way.(ask),5._ in the country,I used to carry water for an,old man.(live),6._ in a famous college,Tom is admired by his,former classmates.(educate),7.He returned home _ and _.(proud,joy),8.They crowded around,_ to do something to,help.(eager),excitedly,pretty,usually,to ask,Living,Educated,proud,joyful,eager,第29页,第29页,第七节 补足语,补足语是用来对宾语进行补充阐明成份。补足语分为,主语补足语和宾语补足语，当谓语动词变为被动语态时宾,语补足语就成了主语补足语了。比如：,He asked me to open the book.(宾语补足语),I was asked to open the book.(主语补足语),应当注意是：宾语与补足语之间关系是逻辑主谓关,系，这是判断补足语,主要办法。They made him do the work.(him 与 do,是主谓关系，him 是do 执行者）。,作补足语有：形容词、名词、副词、不定式、现在分词、,过去分词等。,第30页,第30页,比如,：,1.I found the classroom empty.,2.We elected him monitor.,3.Please call the students back at once.,4.We told him to come here early.,5.I found him lying in bed.,6.I heard it spoken of in the next room.,(形容词）,(名词）,(副词）,(动词不定式）,(现在分词）,(过去分词）,第31页,第31页,不定式作补足语有时可省不定式符号，这种情况取决于,谓语动词，这样谓语动词有：,make,let,have,hear,see,watch,feel,observe,notice,比如:,He made me,work,all day.他迫使我整天干活。,并不是所有动词都能跟,现在分词,作补足语。,能跟现在分词作补足语动词有：,have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,比如:,The old woman had the lights,burning,all night long.,老妇人让灯点了一整夜,注意,第32页,第32页,练习题,I.指出下列句中补足语并注意改变形式,1.At the meeting we made him monitor.,2.What you said made Xiao Wang angry.3.We heard him singing in the hall.,4.I found the classroom empty.,5.Please let the student in at once.,6.I cant have you say so.,7.He is asked to sing us a song.,8.Yesterday I had my hair cut.,名词,形容词,现在分词短语,形容词,副词,不带to 不定式,带to 不定式,过去分词,第33页,第33页,II.用所给词适当形式填空,Robert is said _(study)abroad,but I,dont know what country he studied in.,2.I saw the man _(knock)down and the,driver _(drive)away.,3.Who did the teacher have _(write)an article,for the wall newspaper.,4.Happiness lies in making others _(happiness),5.How can I stop him _(ask)such silly questions?,to be studying,knocked,drive,write,happyasking,第34页,第34页,III.完毕下列各句,1.Have you got the supper _(准备)?,2.Lets paint the door _(黑色).,3.We must keep the room _(整洁).,4.I found it difficult to _(学数学).,5.I think it duty to _(为人民服务).,6.All this has made it possible for us,_(完毕按时工作).,ready,black,tidy,to study maths,serve the people,to finish the work on time,第35页,第35页,综合练习题,I.指出下列句子划线部分句子成份,1.A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life.,2.Whether well go depends on the weather.,3.Peoples standards of living are going up steadily.,4.He is called Little Tiger.,5.The masses are the real heroes.,6.That was how they were defeated.,7.The nursery takes good care of our children.,8.Ill return the book to you tomorrow.,表语,主语,状语,谓语,定语,表语,状语,补语,第36页,第36页,9.We always mean what we say.,10.We are sure that we shall succeed.,11.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.,12.There are many films that Id like to see.,13.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking?,14.I have a lot of work to do.,15.Speak politely.,16.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it.,17.Much interested,he agreed to give it a try,.,18.We can send a car over to fetch you.,19.Seeing this,some comrades became very worried.,宾语,主语,状语,定语,补语,宾语,定语,定语,状语,状语,状语,第37页,第37页,II.依据汉语提醒完毕下列句子,1.我们英语老师是使人愉快人.,Our English teacher is a _.,2.他晚上几乎不工作.,He _ works in the evening.,3.我说服他戒了烟.,I persuaded him _.,4.你接受他礼物了吗?,Did you _ his present?,5.他们去看那个要死人.,They went to see the _ man.,6.我们船上没有这样多空位子.,We have no_ for so many people on the boat.,7.字典就在架子上.,The dictionary is _.,pleasant person,hardly,not to smoke,accept,dying,room,right on the shelf,第38页,第38页,III.指出句子主句部分,1.It doesnt matter whether you will come or not.,2.I dont believe they will win the game.,3.The fact that he had not said anything surprised,everybody.,4.I watched all the glasses that were on the table fall off,onto the floor.,5.Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,which,his parents expect.,6.It also shows you the callers telephone number in,order that you recognize who it is.,7.Whatever dictionary you have,please lend it to me.,8.What frightened us most was that two lights appeared,suddenly in the darkness.,第39页,第39页,