名词性从句示范课市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,名词性从句复习,第1页,第1页,考纲解读,从出题者角度，就是要考察名词性从句中语序以及引导词之间区别。有时候，会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增长。其实，总难度和改变都不大。但是从考生角度来说，假如考生对句子结构掌握但是硬，对一些词或词组使用办法不理解，就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句混淆，造成主线环节误判而用其它从句规则去解题。造成丢分。,第2页,第2页,名词性从句种类,名词性从句即由连接词引导、起名词作用,从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和,同位语从句。,主语从句（在主句中作主语）,Who will win the game,is not known,.,宾语从句（在主句中作宾语）,Nobody knows,who will win the game,.,表语从句（在主句中作表语）,My question is,who will win the game,.,同位语从句（在主句中作同位语）,I have no idea,who will win the game,.,第3页,第3页,名词性从句连接词,连接词即引导名词性从句关联词，包括,连词、连接代词、连接副词。,连词：仅起连接作用，不作句子成份。,连接代词：可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,连接副词：只作状语。第4页,第4页,连词：引导从句但不作任何成份。,that,没故意义，引导主,/,宾,/,表,/,同位语从句。,It is said,that there will be a party tonight,.,They say,(,that,),there will be a party tonight,.,Why he failed was,that he made a vital mistake,.,The key,that he succeeded,lied in his hard work,.,if,是否，引导,宾语,从句，主语从句。,whether,是否，引导主,/,宾,/,表,/,同位语从句。,I doubt,if/whether you can pass the test,.,Whether well go camping,depends on the weather,.,My doubt is,whether you can pass the test,.,I have no idea,whether you can pass the test,.,第5页,第5页,as if/though,仿佛，似乎，引导,表语,从句。,because,由于，引导,表语,从句。,The old lady looks,as if she were a young girl,.,His failure was,because he didnt work hard enough,.,连接代词：引导从句并作从句句子成份。,who,谁,(,主格,),，用于人，作主,/,宾,/,表语。,whom,谁,(,宾格,),，用于人，仅作宾语。,Who,will do the job,hasnt been decided,.(,主语,),Would you tell me,who/whom,youll vote for,?(,宾语,),Can you tell me,who,the pretty girl is,?(,表语,),第6页,第6页,whose,谁，用于人，作表,/,定语。,Please tell me,whose,the bike is,.(,表语,),I dont know,whose,bike it is,.(,定语,),which,哪个,/,些，用于人或物，作主,/,宾,/,表,/,定语。,what,什么，用来指事物，作主,/,宾,/,表,/,定语。,Please tell me,what,sport you like best,.(,定语,),I wonder,which,of you can solve the problem,.(,主语,),Id like to know,what,your father is,.(,表语,),whoever,作主,/,宾,/,表语,whomever,仅作宾语,whichever,作主,/,宾,/,表,/,定语,whatever,作主,/,宾,/,表,/,定语,第7页,第7页,Whatever he said was right.,Ill take whoever wants to go.,Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.,You can give the ticket to whomever you like.,第8页,第8页,连接副词：引导从句并作从句状语,when,表示时间,where,表示地点,why,表示原因,how,表示方式,Whenwell have a meeting,is not decided,.,I dont know,where,I can buy such a book,.,Why he did it,will remain a puzzle forever.,The question is,how we should carry out the plan.,第9页,第9页,注意：,Whenever,however,wherever,很少引导名词性从句，由于,when,，,where,，,how,本来都是副词性质，相对而言,whoever,，,whatever,，,whichever,能够引导名词从句,.whenever,普通引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句,wherever,普通引导地点状语从句和让步状语从句,however,引导让步状语从句,eg.Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.,(,主语从句,),第10页,第10页,如何选取连接词？,使用办法规则,:,先依据从句结构拟定用哪种连接词，,从句,不缺成份用连词，缺主语、宾语、表语、定语用,连接代词，缺状语用连接副词,，,再依据从句意思,拟定用哪个连词、连接代词或连接副词。,使用办法口诀：,依据结构定词类，依据意思再核对，,不缺成份用连词，主宾表定用代词，,状语必须用副词，词法成份要斟酌，,详细该用哪一个，可依句意来定夺。,第11页,第11页,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语,it,代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,eg.1.That we must master English words,as many as possible is very important.,2 It was a pity that you failed in the exam.,第12页,第12页,用,it,作形式主语结构,It,be,名词,(,短语,)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wonder,等,),that,从,句,eg.It is a pity that,you have missed the wonderful lecture.,(,2)It+be+,形容词,(necessary/natural/wonderful/likely/strange/important/certain,等,),that,从句,eg.It is wonderful that,all of you have passed the difficult exam.,(3),It+,不及物动词,that,从句,It seems that,似乎,It happened that,恰巧,It appears that,似乎,It,occurred to me that,我忽然想起,(4)It,be+,过去分词 从句,It is reported/said/hoped/believed that,It is suggested/required/requested/ordered/demanded that,第13页,第13页,【,注意,】,在下列主语从句中，常使用虚拟语调，即,“should,动词原形,”,形式，其中,should,能够省略。,It is necessary/strange/important/natural/impossible etc.,that.,It is a pity/a shame/no wonder thatIt is suggested(,提议,)/requested/required/proposed/desired(,要求,)/demanded/insisted(,果断要求,)/ordered,that.,第14页,第14页,15,主语从句中应注意问题,1,）,主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引 导，不能省略这些连接词。,误,：,The college will get in more new students this year is ture.,正,：,That,the college will get in more new students this year is ture.,2),假如主语从句放在句首，不能用,if,引导，但是假如用,it,做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也能够用,if,引导,.,第15页,第15页,误,：,If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,正,：,Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.,正,：,It was doubtful if/whether Mary really heard him.,第16页,第16页,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词,(,及物动词,),或介词之后。,1.,作动词宾语,(1),作及物动词宾语。,She did not know what had happened.,I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,(2),动词间接宾语宾语从句。比如：,She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2.,作介词宾语,Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,第17页,第17页,3.,作形容词宾语，,比如：,I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.,注意：,that,引导从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：,anxious,aware,certain,confident,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,satisfied,content,等。,4.it,能够作为形式宾语,it,不但能够作为形式主语，还能够作为形式宾语而真正宾语,that,从句则放在句尾。,.,第18页,第18页,可利用,it,做形式宾语,结构有：,.,动词,make,find,think,feel,consider,believe,等后面有宾语补足语时候，则需要用,it,做形式宾语，而将,that,宾语从句后置，结构：,S.+vt+it+adj./n.+that,从句,。,I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.,I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.,.,有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加,it,，这类动词主要是：,hate,like,see to(,务必使,)depend on(,指望,相信,),I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.,You can depend on it that such a boring thing will never happen again.,第19页,第19页,宾语从句应注意问题：,1.,由,that,引导宾语从句，,that,通常能够省略,比如：,I heard(that)he joined the army.,但在下面情况下，,that,不能省略。,(1),当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个及其以后宾语从句中,that,不能省略。,eg.He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me.,(2),当,that,作介词宾语时。,eg.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others.,(3),由,it,作形式宾语时，,that,引导宾语从句中，,that,不可省略。,eg.I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.,第20页,第20页,2.If whether,都能引导宾语从句，但在下面情况下，只能用,whether,，不能用,if,。,1.,与,or not,连用I didnt know whether he had arrived in Beijing or not.,2.,作介词宾语时。,I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home.,3.,后接动词不定式时。,I dont know whether to go to the party.,第21页,第21页,3.,宾语从句中否认转移,若主句谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine,等，并且主句主语为第一人称，用于普通现在时，其后宾语从句若含有否认意义，普通要把否认词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用必定式。比如：,I dont think this dress fits you well.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,第22页,第22页,4,宾语从句中时态呼应,1.当主句动词是现在时，从句依据本身句子情况，而使用不同时态。,I know(that)he studies English every day.（从句用普通现在时）,I know(that)he studied English last term.（从句用普通过去时）,I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用普通未来时）,I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）,第23页,第23页,2.,当主句动词是,过去时态,从句则要用相应过去时态,，如普通过去时，过去进行时，过去未来时等；当从句表示是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,Mary told me that Tom had left us for America,Our teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth,.,第24页,第24页,5,宾语从句中虚拟语调,(1),当主句谓语动词为“,suggest,(,提议,),，,propose，advise，insist,(,果断要求,),，,order，demand，require，request，desire等表示“提议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”动词时，其后宾语从句中要用虚拟语调“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。比如,：,I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight,We advise that steps(should)be taken at once,.,They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once,.,第25页,第25页2)wish,接宾语从句有三种情况,:,1),若表示现在,:,动词用过去式；,2),若表示过去,:,动词用过去完毕式,(had done),；,3),若表示未来,:,用情态动词,(would/could)+do,例句,:.,I wish I were 30 years younger.,我希望自己能年轻三十岁,.,I wish(that)you would get a good job.,希望你能找到一个好职业,.,He wished he hadn,t done it.,他想要是他没这样做该多好,.,(3),在,would rather(,宁愿,),引导宾语从句中：,该句型表示,“,宁愿宁可,”,，语调较为委婉。当从句表示现在或未来时间时，谓语动词要用普通过去时；表示过去时间时，要用过去完毕时。,eg.,Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning.(,未来,),Id rather we had a rest now.(,现在,),Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.(,过去,),第26页,第26页,三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语名词性从句，放在系动词之后，普通结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。能够接表语从句连系动词有,be,look,remain,seem,等。另外，惯用尚有,the reason why.is that,和,It is because.,Thats why.,等结构。比如：,1)This is why we cant get the support of the people.,2)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.,3)The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,注意：,当主语是,reason,时,，,表语从句要用,that,引导而不是,because,。,第27页,第27页,表语从句中应注意问题,1.that,引导表语从句,无词义,只起连接作用,不可省。,The fact is that we have lost the game.,2.whether,可引导表语从句，但与之同义,if,却通常不用于引导表语从句。,What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow.,3.That is why,译为,“,那,就是,原因,”,。,其中,why,引导名词性从句在句中做表语，该句型通惯用于针对前面已经说过原因进行总结。,That is why I was late for school.,区别：,That is why,与,That is the reason why,同义，只但是从语法结构上讲，前者中,why,引导表语从句，后者中,why,引导定语从句。,第28页,第28页,That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.,这就是我不能同意理由。,That is because,句型中从属连词,because,引导名词性从句在此做表语，意为,“,这就是为何,/,由于,”,。,That is because,指原因或理由。,That is why,指由于各种原因所造成后果。,He didnt see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.,He had seen the film before.That is why he did not see it last night.,第29页,第29页,4.,表语从句中虚拟语调,(1),英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、提议等名词,advice,desire,decision,idea,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,充当句子主语而后面接表语从句时，表语从句须用虚拟语调。其虚拟语调结构为：,(should)+,动词原形。,His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.,Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.,第30页,第30页,(2),as if/as though,引导表语从句，其有也许使用陈说语调，也有也许使用虚拟语调。关键是看其从句所表示动作,是否是真实,。假如明显不符合实际情况，才会用虚拟语调。假如是真实情况，则不必使用虚拟语调，用陈说语调即可。,如：,Look at the clouds.It seems as if it is going to rain.(,事实,),as if/as though,引导表语从句，方式状语从句使用虚拟语调 情况：,1,）,从句动作发生在主句动作之前,则从句使用,过去完毕时,.,如：,The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.2,）从句动作和主句动作同时进行,则从句使用,普通过去时,.,如：,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it were broken.3,）从句动作发生在主句动作之后,则从句使用,would/could+,动词原形,.,如：,It seemed as if the night would never end.,夜似乎没有尽头,.,第31页,第31页,四同位语从句,1.,同位语从句功效,同位语从句对名词进一步解释，阐明名词详细内容。同位语从所解释阐明,名词,有,advice,、,demand,、,doubt,、,fact,、,hope,、,idea,、,information,、,message,、,news,、,order,、,problem,、,promise,、,question,、,request,、,suggestion,、,truth,、,wish,、,word,，,thought,等,1),Word,came that our team won the game.,2)I,have no,idea,when he will come back home.,2.,同位语在句子中位置,同位语从句有时能够不紧跟在它所阐明名词后面，而是被别词隔开。比如：,He got the,news,from Mary,that the sports meeting was put off.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词同位语名词性从句。,第32页,第32页,3.,同位语从句与定语从句区别,(1),定语从句中,that,既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成份（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中,that,是连词，只起连接主句与从句作用，不充当句中任何成份。,(2),定语从句是形容词性，其功效是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词性质或特性；同位语从句是名词性，其功效是对名词进行补充阐明。比如：,1)The news,that,he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.,（他告诉我消息是汤姆明年将出国。）,（第一个,that,引导从句是定语从句，,that,在从句中作宾语）,2)The news,that,Tom would go abroad is told by him.,（汤姆将出国消息是他讲。）,（同位语从句，,that,在句中不作任何成份）,第33页,第33页,4.,同位语从句中虚拟语调：,假如被同位语从句所解释阐明名词是表示请求、要求、命令、提议等名词如：,advice,desire,decision,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,它们后面接同位语从句时，同位语从句须用虚拟语调。其虚拟语调结构为：,(should)+,动词原形。,1.Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.,2.She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.,第34页,第34页,考点诠释,考点一、名词性从句语序,。,与别从句同样，名词性从句必须用,陈说语序,。比如,:,No one can be sure,_,in a million year,A.what man will look like B.what will man look like,C.man will look like what D.what look will man like,You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.,A.how they were excited B.how excited they were,C.how excited were they D.they were how excited,返回目录,A,B,第35页,第35页,考点诠释,考点二、,Who/whoever,what/whatever,等使用办法区别。,普通说来，,what/who,等含特指意义，而,whatever/whoever,等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么,/,无论谁”。比如：,1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.,A.however B.whatever C.whichever D whenever,2.Its a matter of who will take the position.(,特指,),3.Give it to whoever comes first.(,泛指,),B,第36页,第36页,Good-bye!,第37页,第37页,