易错知识点总结.doc

易错知识点总结【词条1】 情态动词表示推测【错误聚焦】 情态动词的选用【疑难破解】 “情态动词 + 动词原形”表示对现在发生事情的推测；“情态动词 + 动词完成时”表示对过去发生事情的推测。但语气不同，选用的情态动词也不同。常用情态动词根据语气的强弱依次为must, can, could, may, might，此外，否定推测常用can或could。例如：Surely she cant have arrived so early. 【典例验证】 The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. （2007安徽卷）A. shouldB. canC. wouldD. must【解析】 答案为D。考查情态动词用于表推测。“must + have done”表示对过去的肯定推测。【词条2】 非谓语动词作定语【错误聚焦】 非谓语动词形式，即现在分词、过去分词以及不定式的误用【疑难破解】 分词短语作定语作用相当于一个定语从句，只不过现在分词与所修饰词之间为主动关系；过去分词与被修饰词之间为被动关系。例如：Peter received a letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon. 而不定式作定语主要有以下几种情况：不定式表将来；用来修饰被序数词、最高级等限定的中心词或被修饰的词是抽象名词如ability, chance, idea, fact, promise, answer, reply, belief, way, reason, moment等时。例如：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. 【典例验证】 The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（2007全国卷I）A. arrivedB. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving【解析】 答案为C。本题考查了不定式作定语的用法。不定式作定语往往表示所修饰的主体的动作还没有发出，即表将来。本句的意思就是：最后一个来的(现在还没有来)人付帐。【词条】 感官动词后跟复合宾语【错误聚焦】 感官动词后复合宾语中宾补形式误用【疑难破解】 感官动词listen to, hear, see, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面的宾补形式若表主动完成，作宾补的动词应使用省略to的动词不定式；若表主动进行，用v-ing形式；若强调动作是被动的，就用v-ed形式。例如：I often hear him sing a popular song. 【典例验证】 I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?（2007全国卷I）A. burningB. burntC. being burntD. to be burnt【解析】 答案为A。本题考查感官动词后跟复合宾语的用法。句意为：我闻到厨房里有东西烧焦了，一会儿我打给你好吗？用“感官动词 + sb. / sth. + doing”结构，即现在分词作宾补，表主动进行。【词条】 in order to / so as to + 目的状语【错误聚焦】 引导目的状语时两个短语的混用【疑难破解】 in order to和so as to两个短语都可以表示“以便，为了”，引导一个表示目的的状语，一般来说，如果该状语位于句末，用in order to或so as to均可；当该状语位于句首时，往往用in order to，而不用so as to。例如：为了赚钱他什么都做。【误】 So as to make money, he did anything.【正】 In order to make money, he did anything. 【正】 He did anything in order to / so as to make money.【典例验证】 All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. （2005辽宁卷）A. in order to have receivedB. in order to receive C. so as to be receivedD. so as to be receiving【解析】 答案为C。in order to 和so as to后接动词原形，表示“以便”。根据gift 与receive 的关系可判断出要用to be done。【词条5】 进行时表示将来【错误聚焦】 把握不准何时使用【疑难破解】 动词的进行时表示将来，主要适用于表位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start等。例如：Im going to see you next month. 【典例验证】 Why is your father in such a hurry?He _ for Beijing to attend an important meeting. The plane _ at six.A. will leave; leaveB. is leaving; leaves C. is leaving; leaveD. leaves; leaving【解析】 答案为B。本题涉及两种现在时的用法，都是比较特殊的用法。“他将去北京开会”，含有标志词leave，所以用现在进行时表示将来；“飞机六点钟起飞”，表示习惯上不变的一个事实，用一般现在时表示。【词条6】 used to do sth.【错误聚焦】 used构成的几个常用短语的混用【疑难破解】 used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“过去常常做 ”。例如：I used to go to the office on foot but I dont do that now. be used to do的意思是“被用来做”，是实义动词的被动语态的基本的用法。例如：Wood can be used to make the couch. be used to sth. / doing sth.为固定短语，意为“习惯于（做）”，其中to是介词。例如：I am used to driving in all kinds of weather. 【典例验证】 I _ up very late, but now I _ early rising.A. used to get; am used to B. was used to get; used to C. used to getting; used toD. got used to getting; have used to 【解析】 答案为A。题干意为：我过去常常很晚起床，但是现在习惯早起了。【词条7】 状语从句的省略【错误聚焦】 对状语从句何时省略、如何省略把握不准确【疑难破解】 在状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致或从句主语是it，并且从句谓语动词包含有系动词be时，状语从句往往省略；省略时就是把从句主语和谓语动词中的系动词省略掉。例如：If (it is) necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 【典例验证】 Though he started late, Mr Guo played the piano as well as, if _ Miss Liu. （2007陕西卷）A. not better thanB. not betterC. no better than D. better【解析】 答案为A。考查条件状语从句的省略。完整形式应为：if he didnt play the piano better than。【词条8】 manage to do sth.【错误聚焦】 与try to do sth.区分不清【疑难破解】 manage to do sth.指的是“成功地做了某事”，即try and succeed in doing sth.。例如：He managed to overcome the difficulties. try to do sth.指的是“为做某事而花费一定的代价、付出一定的努力”，努力的结果可能把事情做成了，也可能没有做成。例如：He tried hard to improve his spoken English. 注意： try后接动名词意为“试着做某事”。例如：Lets try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 【典例验证】 He never studies anything. I wonder how he _ to pass the exam.A. triedB. managedC. succeeded D. able【解析】 答案为B。manage to do sth. = try and succeed in doing sth. 表示“设法做成了某事”。【词条9】 强调句型It is / was . that .【错误聚焦】 强调句型与定语从句混淆【疑难破解】 It is / was . that .在英语中为表示强调的固定句型，当被强调部分为原句的时间状语或地点状语时，不能误认为定语从句，而把that用成when或where。例如：我是在操场上捡到这支钢笔的。【误】 It is on the playground where I picked up the pen.【正】 It is on the playground that I picked up the pen.【典例验证】 I dont mind her criticizing me, but_ is how she does it that I object to. （2007江西卷）A. itB. thatC. this D. which【解析】 答案为A。用it构成强调句型：It is / was 被强调部分 that / who 句子的其他部分。被强调部分how she does it为句子的宾语。 5 / 5