导游英语词汇总.doc

第八节 词汇
Islam伊斯兰教
mosque[mɑsk]清真寺,
the Koran[kɔ'rɑ:n]（古兰经）,
Allah[ælə, ɑlə]（真主）,
Moslem[mɑzləm]/muslim[mʌzləm],穆斯林
Christianity[krɪstʃiænɪti]基督教,
the Bible圣经,
Jesus Christ,
the cross（十字架）,
the virgin ['və:dʒin] Mary圣母玛利亚,
Christianity hymn [him]/psalm [sɑ:m]（赞美诗）,
baptism ['bæptɪzəm]洗礼,
Catholicism[ kəθɑlɪsɪzəm]天主教,
catholic [kæθəlɪk] church天主教教堂,
protestant [prɑtɪstənt]基督教徒,
Buddhism佛教，
Sanskrit梵文,
gate to the temple, 山门
the great Buddha’s hall大雄宝殿,
depositary [di'pɔzitəri] of Buddhist texts 藏经楼,
a stone pillar inscribed with Buddha’s name or Buddhist sutra['su:trə]经幢,
grotto ['grɔtəʊ]石窟,
Sitting Buddha,
Sleeping Buddha,
bodhisattvas [,bəudi'sætvə]菩萨,
Arhat['ɑ:hət]罗汉,
Maitreya[meitri儿]弥勒佛,
Manjusri文殊,
Samantabhadra普贤,
god of earth地藏,
goddess of mercy观音,
the four heavenly kings四大天王，
niche[nɪtʃ]佛龛,
Main Buddha,
offertory [ɔfɚtɔri] box香资箱,
incense [ɪn‘sɛns] money香火钱,
altar ['ɔ:ltə] table供桌,
offerings供品,
candle蜡烛,
incense burner ['bɜ:nə]香炉,
incense stick香,
pilgrim香客、朝圣者、宗教朝拜,
rosary [‘rozəri] /beads [bid]数珠,
Lamaism ['l ɑ:məɪzəm]喇嘛教,
lamasery [‘lɑ:məsəri],喇嘛庙
prayer [prɛə] wheel经轮,
prostrate [‘prɑs’tret] oneself in worship五体投地.
cremation ['kri:,meɪtion]火化,
personification [pɚˌsɑnəfɪˈkeʃən]化身,
nirvana [nɪr'vɑːnə]涅磐,
enlightenment [ɛnˈlaɪtnmənt]觉悟,
congregation [ˌkɑŋɡrɪˈɡeʃən]全体教徒,
meditation [ˌmɛdɪˈteʃən]静坐
Taoism [ˈtaʊˌɪzəm]道教,
Golden plaque [plæk]护身符

第八节文章中的词汇：
Four noble Truths (四缔)
Buddhist sutra佛经
mendicant [ˈmɛndɪkənt]乞丐
friar ['fraɪə]修道士
linen [ˈlɪnən]-bag monk布袋和尚
diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd] club金刚杵
trance [træns]昏睡状态
Bodhi Gaya[ɡə'jɑ:]菩提伽耶
Bodhi tree菩提树
enshrine [ɛnˈʃraɪn]供奉
tower style楼阁式,
multi-eave[i:v] style密檐式,
pavilion style亭台式,
lamaist  ['lɑ:məist] style喇嘛式

第九节词汇
Pavilion, tower, upturned eaves飞檐,
flying eaves,
covered corridor [ˈkɔrɪdɚ]回廊,
ornamental [ɔrnəmɛntl] column [kɑləm]雕梁,
color painting画栋,
inscription,
memorial[mi'mɔ:riəl]纪念碑
archway/decorated archway牌楼
corbiestep ['kɔ:bistep]马头墙,
suspension [səˈspɛnʃən] roof悬山顶,
gabled ['ɡeibl] roof硬山顶,
saddle鞍状物roof/gabled and hip roof歇山顶,
hip roof庑殿顶,
pointed roof攒尖顶,
conical [ˈkɑnɪkəl] roof圆攒尖顶,
paraboloid [pə'ræbəlɔid] roof卷棚顶,
pyramid roof四角攒尖顶
roof decoration/roof charms/roof-figures檐兽,
volute [və'lju:t]正吻,
glazed光滑的 ceramic  [si'ræmik]陶器的 mythological [ˌmɪθəˈlɑdʒɪkəl]神话的immortals [ɪˈmɔrtl]仙人走兽,
five-clawed [klɔ] dragon五爪龙,
cylindrical [səˈlɪndrɪkəl] tile筒瓦,
flat tile板瓦,
tile pin瓦钉,
eaves tile瓦当,
dripping eaves滴水屋檐,
corbel ['kɔ:bəl]arch/bracket[ˈbrækɪt]斗拱,
carved angle brace雀替,
cartouche [kɑ:'tu:ʃ]挂落,
coffered [ˈkɔfɚ] ceiling(天花板)藻井,
based [beɪst]of Buddhist-style building须弥座,
balustrade[ˈbæləˌstred] /parapet ['pærəpit]栏杆,
stone steps,石阶
carved drum-like stone抱鼓石
Quadrangle['kwɔd,ræŋgəl]四合院,
gate, gateway门洞,
atehouse/doorman’s room门房,
outer/inner courtyard, 内院、外院
festoon [fes'tu:n] /inner gate垂花门,
wing courtyard偏院,
east wing-rooms/ the east wing东厢房,
main room正房,
side room耳房;
passway过道,
back gate,
horse-mounting [maʊntɪŋ] stone上马石,
threshold [ˈθrɛʃˌold]门槛,
knocker ['nɔkə]门环,
screen wall影壁
Ridge屋脊,
eaves屋檐,
drip tile滴水瓦,
rafter[ˈræftɚ]椽子,
ridgepole[ˈrɪdʒˌpol]大梁,
purlin['pə:lin]檩,
cross/vertical[ˈvɚtɪkəl] beam横梁,
post/pillar柱,
gable山墙,
partition[pɑrˈtɪʃən]隔墙,
wall, lintel['lintl]门楣,过梁
doorframe门框,
window lattice[ˈlætɪs]窗格子
Bay开间,
section进深

第九节文章中的词汇
natural caves天然石洞;
cave dwelling[ˈdwɛlɪŋ]窑洞
nesting residence巢居;
pit-style houses穴居;
thatched[θætʃ] cottage茅草房；
on-the-ground houses/platform-style houses平顶房;
adobe[əˈdobi] and tiles house土坯瓦房;
Palatial[pəˈleʃəl] building宫殿式
Timber[ˈtɪmbɚ]and rammed earth (土木结构)
rammed earth夯土 :
yellow clay (黄土),
lime (石灰),
glutinous[ˈɡlutnəs] rice juice (糯米汁) or kiwi fruit juice (猕猴桃汁)
post and lintel frame (梁柱框架)
Mortise[ˈmɔ:tɪs]卯眼-and-tenon[tɛnən]凸椎 joint (斗拱);
plank building (板筑)
Sift yellow clay (精筛黄土)
mix with some lime, fine sand and straw (掺入少量石灰、细砂和麦秸) ,
ram after thorough mix (拌匀后夯打)
Consolidate[kənˈsɑlɪˌdet]巩固、加强 with vertical posts （竖柱）and horizontal[ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntl] beams (横木)

第十节词汇
tower-like building (牌楼 or que 阙)
sacred['seikrid] way" (神道)
officials (文官), generals (武官)
fabulous['fæbjuləs] beasts[bist](麒麟天祿).
main hall (正殿)
dedication hall (献殿),
gate towers (阙楼)
A pair of octagonal[ɔktægənəl] cloud pillars (华表)
A pair of winged houses (翼马)

A pair of scarlet[skɑrlɪt]birds(朱雀)
Five pairs of stone horses
Ten pairs of armed stone guarding generals 石翁仲
a main passage (墓道),
five door ways (过洞),
six skylights (天井),
a corridor (甬道),
eight niches[nɪtʃ] (便房),
ante-chamber[ei] (前墓室)
a burial[bɛriəl] chamber (后墓室).

第十一节词汇
Military project,防御工程
city wall, moat护墙河,
ditch沟, fortress[fɔrtrɪs]堡垒、要塞,
stronghold要塞、据点,
castle城堡,
loess[loəs]黄土,
mud,泥、烂泥 gateway大门口、关口,
gate tower城门楼,
watch-tower瞭望塔,
battlement垛口,
rampart墩台, (城堡等周围宽阔的)防御土墙
relief/intaglio[in'tɑ:liəu] carve浮雕/漏雕,
crenel['krenəl]垛口,
parapet[pærəpɪt]女儿墙, 护墙, 矮墙；〈军〉(战壕前作掩护用的)胸墙
infantryman[ɪnfəntrimən]步兵，

第十一节文章词汇：
draw bridge（闸楼）
draw bridge tower（吊桥）
arrow[ærəu]tower（箭楼）central tower（正楼）
compound[kɑmˈpaＵnd]（瓮城）/enclosure[ɛnkloʒɚ] walls
watch tower（角楼）
ramparts（敌楼，马面）
sentry（步兵）building (岗楼)
crenellation（雉堞、城墙）开垛口

第十二节文章中词汇
Seal[sil]Script: 篆书Official Script: 隶书
Regular Script: 楷书Running Script: 行书
Cursive [kəsɪv] Script: 草书
inscriptions (铭文) 题词、献词
pictographs [ˈpɪktəˌɡræf] (象形图画) .
pictographic characters[kærɪktɚs](象形文字)
big seal style (大篆).

第十四节词汇
Spring festival, new year’s eve除夕夜,
year-end household cleaning大扫除,
dumpling, kowtow [kaʊˈtaʊ]磕头，
money given to children as a lunar new year gift压岁钱,
window paper-cuts窗花，
spring festival couplets春联,
the first/second line of a couplet上/下联,
a horizontal [ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntl] scroll bearing an inscription横批,
firework/firecracker,爆竹、鞭炮
Paying a New Year call, 拜年
temple fair庙会,
Lion dance, 舞狮
dragon lantern [læntən] dance, 龙灯舞
boat that runs on land跑旱船,
waist drum dance腰鼓舞,
walking on stilts [stɪlt]踩高跷,
head-mask dance大头舞,
sugar-coated haws [hɔ:] on a stick冰糖葫芦,
pinwheel风车,
monkey show耍猴,
village theatrical[θiætrɪkəl] performance社戏,
lantern festival, lantern riddles灯谜,
cross talks相声,

conjuring [kɑndʒɚ]魔术，spring festival gala [ɡelə, ɡælə, ɡɑlə]春节晚会,
drums and gongs[ɡɔŋ]锣鼓，bonfire party篝火歌舞
bumper [bʌmpɚ]特大的、丰盛的 harvest of the five cereals ['sɪərɪəl]五谷丰收,晚会,
clapper[klæpɚ] talk快板, octagonal[ɑktæɡənəl] drum八角鼓,

monologue[mɔnəlɔɡ]storytelling评书, Shandong clapper ballad['bæləd] 山东快书，
mime哑剧，comic performance滑稽表演,diabolo [di'ɑ:bələu] juggling ['dʒʌɡl]抖空竹,

第十四节文章中词汇
mugwort['mʌɡwə:t]艾叶, spray[sprei]喷、浪花 realgar [ri'ælɡə]雄黄 water in the room, and drink realgar wine雄黄酒,
with the hope to get rid of calamities [kəlæmɪti] and prevent poisonous [pɔɪzənəs] creatures避瘟逐疫.
Mongolian People’s Nadam Fair那达慕
Dai people’s water splashing [splæʃ] festival傣族泼水节The Korban festival古尔邦节
The Torch Light festival火把节 The Flower fair花儿会