裕兴版新概念英语第二册笔记第3课.docx

Lesson 3
Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片
单词讲解
关键句型
课文讲解
练习
复习
补充内容

单词讲解
New words and expressions
send (sent, sent) v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil (spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味，损坏
museum n. 博物馆
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服务员，招待员
lend (lent, lent) v. 借给
decision n. 决定
whole adj. 整个的
single adj. 唯一的，单一的

★ 1. send 寄，送，派遣，打发
cause sb to go or sth to be taken without going oneself
(send – sent –sent )
1) 加双宾语
send sb sth = send sth to sb 把东西寄给某人
eg. send me a postcard = send a postcard to me 寄给我一张明信片
eg. I sent my mother a present on Mother’s day. 在母亲节那天我寄给妈妈一份礼物。
=I sent a present to my mother on Mother’s day.
2) 加单宾语
send sth 寄什么东西
send sb 派遣，打发某人
send a letter send a parcel
send the children to bed 打发孩子去睡觉
3）send sb my love = give sb my love 代我向。。。致意
eg. Please send your sister my love. 请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。
=Please send my love to your sister.
eg. Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brother.
eg. Remember me to your parents. 代我问候你的父母。 正式的表达
Give my regards to your parents. 更为正式的表达
4）send for sb 派人去请，去叫。。。
send for sth
send for a doctor 派人去叫医生
send for a taxi 去叫一辆出租车

★ 2. postcard n. 明信片
card 卡片；贺卡
a Christmas card a birthday card a get-well card 康复卡 an identity card 身份证
a post card
cards 纸牌
a pack of cards 一副纸牌
1）one’s best card = one’s strongest card 某人最好的一张牌，王牌，绝招
2) give sb his cards 开出，解雇某人（非正式表达）
3） lay one’s cards on the table = put one’s cards on the table 摊牌

post n. /v. 邮，寄
post-bag 邮袋
post-box (U.S.: mail box) 邮筒，邮箱
post-code 邮政编码
post office
postman (U.S.: mailman)
post mark 邮戳
post-free 免付邮资的，邮资已付的
post-paid 邮资已付的

★ 3. spoil-spoiled-spoiled 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋
-spoilt-spoilt
英式英语中多用不规则形式：
eg. dreamt; spoilt (Br)
美式英语中多用规则形式：
eg. dreamed; spoiled (Am)
不管英式或美式英语，用过去分词作定语的时候，只用不规则形式。
a spoilt child 一个被惯坏的孩子
spoilt milk 坏了的牛奶
a misspelt word 拼错的字
1) v. 破坏，使。。。没劲 make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin
eg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays. 坏天气破坏了我们的假期。
eg. The bad news spoilt my day. 这个坏消息让我一天不开心破坏了我一天的心情。
eg. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总是破坏我的假期。
2）v. 娇惯，宠坏，溺爱
eg. That little girl is terribly spoilt – her parents give her everything she asks for.
那个小女孩被惯坏了，他的父母亲给她任何她想要的东西。
eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. (谚) 孩子不打不成器。
eg. Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time. 谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一下。

★4. museum n. 博物馆
museum piece
1) 适合博物馆展览的精品 2）老古董（贬）
eg. This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one.
你这个旧收音机早该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了

★5. public
1) adj. 公众的，与公众有关的 （通常做定语）
反义词 private 都做定语
a public garden public affairs 公事
public education 民众教育 public health 民众健康
public libraries 公共图书馆 the public highway 公路
2）n. 公众，民众
the public 民众，公众
in public: openly 公开的，公然的 （反义词：in private 私自的，私下的）
eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes.
她公开的像公众对她所犯的错误道歉。

★6. friendly adj. 友好的
friend n. 朋友
1) make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
2) A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真的朋友。
3) close friends 密友 bosom friend 知己
4) boy friend girl friend
friendly adj. 友好的
friendly nations 友邦
a friendly smile 一个友好的微笑
a friendly welcome 友好的欢迎 a friendly manner 友好的态度

ly 结尾的形容词：
friendly lonely 孤独的 silly 蠢的 brotherly 兄长般的
lovely 可爱的 deadly 致命的 likely 可能的
★7. waiter (饭店，旅馆，餐厅等) 服务员
waitress 女服务员 -ess 女性的象征
actor actress prince 王子 princess 王妃，公主
tiger tigress

★8. lend v. 借，借出去
lend-lent-lent
lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 借给某人某物
borrow sth for sb 像某人借某物
eg. Can you lend me 200 Yuan? 你能借给我200块钱吗？
I’ll pay you back tomorrow. 我明天就还给你。
eg. I lent that CD to John but never got it back. 我把cd借给John了，但是再也拿不回了。

lend sb a hand = give sb help 帮谁忙
lend sb an ear (耐心地)倾听
be living on borrowed time 大难不死
lender 出借人，贷方
borrower 借东西的人，借方

★9. decision n. 决定
decide v. 决定
decide to do…… 决定做某事
make up one’s mind to do … 下定决心做……
eg. I decided to study another foreign language. 我决定再学一门语言。
=I made up my mind to study another foreign language.
eg. With so many choices, it’s hard to decide which to buy.
这么多选择，真不知道该买哪个。
eg. It’s difficult to decide between the two. 这两者之间很难选择。

make a decision 做出决定
reach a decision come to a decision arrive at a decision 做出决定
eg. On the last day of my holiday, I made a big decision.
eg. Anyone who lacks decision shouldn’t be a leader.
那些缺乏决定能力的人是不能当领导的。

★10. whole
1) adj. 完全的，整体的，全部的
相当于 entire; complete 作为形容词，作定语来使用。
a whole day 一整天 three whole days 三整天
the whole country the whole world
eg. Let’s forget the whole affair. 我们忘了这件事情吧。把它彻底忘掉吧。
=Let’s forget the whole matter/thing.
2） n. 整个，整体
eg. Four quarters make a whole
quarter n. 四分之一，一季度，一刻钟
eg. Cut the apple into quarters. 把苹果切成四瓣。

Half n. 一半
eg. Two halves make a whole. 两个一半构成一个整体。
Half of the work is done. 一半工作被完成了。
as a whole 整个地
on the whole 总的来说，一般来讲
eg. On the whole, I agree with your decision. 总的来说，我同意你的观点。
Wholesale 批发 wholesaler 批发商
retail 零售 retail dealer / retail trader 零售商

★11. single
1) adj. 唯一的，单一的 only one
a single letter 唯一的一封信
a single apple hanging from the tree 树上挂着唯一的苹果

a single ticket 单程票 a round ticket / a return ticket 往返票
2) adj. 未婚的，独身的
single men and women 单身男女
married 已婚的
3） adj. 单独一个人使用的
a single bed 单人床 a double bed 双人床
a single room a double room
4) adj. single-parent 单亲
a single-parent family 一个单亲家庭

关键句型
Key Structures
Simple past 一般过去时
1.功能：
表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常搭配过去的某一段时间。
eg. We visited the school last year. 我们去年参观了这个学校。
2.构成形式:
1) 规则变化： v. + ed
walked, happened
不规则变化：
eat – ate go – went see – saw come – came
2) be – was / were
eg. I wasn’t in yesterday. 我昨天不在家。
eg. I went to school by bike when I was young. 当我年轻的时候我骑车去上学。

体会动词的过去式
Policeman: Did you see the accident, sir? 先生，你看到那个事故了吗？
Man: Yes, I did. The driver of that car hit that post over there.
是的，我看到了。那个司机撞倒那个杆子上去。 hit – hit – hit
P: What happened? 发生什么事了？
M: A dog ran across the road and the driver tried to avoid it. The car suddenly came towards me. It climbed on to the pavement and crashed into that post. 一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。突然，汽车朝我开过来。它走上人行道，撞倒那根杆子上。Pavement:人行道
P: What did you do? 你做了什么？
M: I ran across the street after the dog. 我穿过马路去追狗。
P: Why did you do that? Were you afraid of the car?
你为什么这样做呢？ 你怕汽车吗？
M: I wasn’t afraid of the car. I was afraid of the driver. The driver got out of the car and began shouting at me. He was very angry with me. You see, it was my dog.
我不怕汽车。我怕那个司机。那个司机下车并对我大喊。

一般过去时与一般现在时的区别：
Her brother was an artist. 他的哥哥是一个艺术家。Was表示已去世
Her brother is an artist. 尚健在

That’s all I had to say. 这是我要说的。(话已说完)
That’s all I have to say. 这是我要说的。(言之未尽)

It was so nice to see you. 我真高兴见到你。(离别时说)
It is so nice to see you. 我真高兴见到你。（见面时说）

一般过去时的练习：
My friend, Roy, ____ (die) last year. He ____ (leave) me his CD player and his collection of CDs. Roy ____ (spend) a lot of money on CDs. He ____ (buy) one or two new CDs every week. He never ____ (go) to the cinema or to the theatre. He ____ (stay) at home every evening and ____ (listen) to music. He often ____ (lend) CDs to his friends. Sometimes they ____ (keep) them. He ____ (lose) many CDs in this way.
died left spent bought went stayed listened lent kept lost

课文讲解
Text
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

1. Postcards always spoil my holidays.
always 总是（频度副词）

holiday
holiday 较长的假期 不能指一天的假期
a holiday 指一天的假期
go on holiday 去度假 be on holiday 正在度假
vacation
1) 法定假日 （宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday。
2) 每年的例行休假，英式 holiday， 美式 vacation
leave 指雇员因某种原因而获准休假
ask for a leave 请假
take French leave 不辞而别 leave in an English style (法)不辞而别

2. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
Italy Italian
public garden 公园

3. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
teach
teach sb sth 双宾语 tought me a few words of Italian
teach myself English 自学英语
teach sb a lesson / give sb a lesson 教训某人一顿

teach sb to do sth
teach fish to swim 班门弄斧
=teach your grandmother to suck eggs

educate 知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育。
teach 指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度。
coach 非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行辅导，或对体育运动进行指导。
train 训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求。
instruct 教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；指导；命令

word n.
1) 词 new words and expressions
2) 话，语言
eg. I don’t believe a word of his story. 他的话我一句也不相信。
3) 消息
eg. Word came that he had run into trouble. 有消息传来说他现在麻烦了。

短语
eg. Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。

have a word in sb’s ear 和某人说句悄悄话
have a word with sb 和某人说一句话
have words with sb 和某人吵架
have word from sb 听到，受到某人消息

4. Then he lent me a book.
lend sb sth 借给某人什么东西

5. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word.
read – read – read
[ri:d] [red] [red]

6. Every day I thought about postcards.
think about + n. /doing 思考，思索，回想，想起
eg. Do you often think about your childhood? 你经常回想你的童年时代吗？

think of 考虑，想起，记起
eg. I thought of postcards. 我总是想起明信片。

7. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends.
1) pass v. (passed)
2) send sth to sb=send sb sth
eg. I did not send cards to my friends. = I didn’t send my friends postcards.

8. On the last day I made a big decision.
make a decision 做出决定

9. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards.

10. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
spend 花费，通常指某人花费了时间，金钱，精力等
sb spend time/money/energy on sth 某人花费时间、金钱、精力在某事上
sb spend time/money/energy (in) doing sth 某人花费时间、金钱、精力做某事
eg. He spends money as if he were a millionaire. 他花起钱来就好像是个百万富翁一样。
eg. She spends all her money and time on clothes. 她花费所有的时间和钱在买衣服上。
=She spends all her money and time in buying clothes.
eg. I spend a whole hour in explaining the importance of learning English to him.
我花了整整一小时来给他解释学校英语的重要性。

Special Difficulties ---- 过去式
功能：动词过去式表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。

英语中有些动词可以加双宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。
eg. He lent me a book. (me:简介宾语) (a book:直接宾语)
一般简介宾语置于直接宾语之前，一旦简介宾语置于直接宾语之后，简介宾语前要加to或for来表达。To表示动作对谁所做，表示方向性；for表示为了谁所做，是目的性。
He lent a book to me.
eg. He sent me a card. He sent a card to me.
He passed me the salt. He passed the salt to me.
He bought me a tie. He bought a tie for me.
She made me a cake. She made a cake for me.
Exercise: 改写下列句子
1) He paid the shopkeeper some money.
He paid some money to the shopkeeper.
2) He handed me the prize.
He handed the prize to me.
3) The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man.
The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.
4) He sold all his books to me.
He sold me all his books.
5) The shop assistant found some curtain material for me.
The shop assistant found me some curtain material.
6) He did me a big favour. do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙
He did a big favour for me.
7) She showed her husband her new hat.
She showed her new hat to her husband.
8) She promised a reward to the finder.
She promised the finder a reward.
9) He gave his son some advice.
He gave some advice to his son.
10) His uncle left him some money.
His uncle left some money to/for him.
11) He is teaching English to us.
He is teaching us English.
12) I bought this bunch of flowers for you. Bunch of flowers 一束鲜花
I bought you this bunch of flowers.
13) Bring that book to me please.
Bring me that book please.
14) He offered me a cigarette.
He offered a cigarette to me.
15) Read me the first paragraph.
Read the first paragraph for me.
16) I’ve ordered some soup for you.
I’ve ordered you some soup.
17) I owe him a lot of money.
I owe a lot of money to him.
18) Pass the mustard to your father. Mustard 芥末
Pass your father the mustard.
After dinner, mustard. 马后炮

练习
Exercises
1. He was a friendly waiter.
He spoke to the writer ____.
A friend B as friends C like friends D in a friendly way
朋友 作为朋友 像朋友一样 以友好的方式
2. On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ____ day of his holiday.
A final B end C latest D bottom
B 最后，结束，n./v. 不能修饰名词 C 最近的，最新的 D 底部，末端 A 最后的。
3. He didn’t write a single card. So he ____.
A wrote only one B didn’t write even one
C wrote just one D wrote all the cards except one

4. There is need to check the ____ of the report.
A frequency B accuracy C emergency D efficiency
A frequent adj. 频率很高的，经常的；
B accurate adj. 准确的，精确的；
C emergent adj. 紧急的；
D efficient adj. 有效率的，效率很高的。

复习
Review
1. 时态：一般过去时,描述过去某时发生的动作，或者描述过去出现的状态的时候也使用过去时。
eg. Last week, I went to the theatre. 上周，我去看戏了。
I met an old friend in the street this morning. 今天早上我在大街上看到一个老朋友。
I was a lawyer before. 我以前是个律师。
They quarreled yesterday. 昨天他们吵架了。
一般过去时描述的过去某时做了某事或过去某时出现的状态。
2. 双宾语现象：通常表示给予的动词，可以将人和物同作为宾语。
pay sb money 付给某人钱
=pay money to sb
pass sb sth 递给某人某物时
=pass sth to sb
buy sb sth
=buy sth for sb
to 表示方向性，for 表示目的性。
eg. I made a cake for you. I made you a cake.
His father left him a lot of money. His father left a lot of money to/for him.
3. Main Words:
1) send 寄，送，派遣，打发
send sb sth 寄给某人某东西
send my love to sb 代我问候某人。
2) spoil v. 破坏，使无味；宠爱，惯坏
spoil – spoiled – spoiled spoilt – spoilt –spoilt
eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器。
3) public adj. 公共的，公开的 反义词：private
4) friend n. 朋友
make friend with sb 和某人交朋友
friendly adj. 友好的 a friendly waiter 一个友好的服务员
5) lent 借出
lend sb sth / lend sth to sb 借给某人某物
lend sb a