基础会计(双语)教案.docx

课 程 教 案

2014—2015学年 第二学期

课程名称：会计英语
课程性质：必修课
授课班级：涉外会计
授课教师：杨舒
教师所属系（部）：商贸系
总 学 时：40
周 学 时：2

Part1 Basic of accounting
教学方法：讲授法、实例法
教学目的：

u 掌握资产、负债和所有者权益的会计含义
u 掌握复式记账、货币计量、会计实体、持续经营以及资产计量原则
u 熟悉资产负债表的特征
u 了解资产负债表的主要科目

重点和难点：
重点：
1.Four basic financial statements
2. Six elements of accounting
3.Concepts that govern all accounting
难点：
1.Concepts that govern all accounting
学时分配：4课时　
讲课4课时
参考书目：
1、 《基础会计》2006年7月第2版 金跃武主编 高等教育出版社
2、 《企业会计准则》（财政部文件）2006年　 中国财政经济出版社
3、 《基础会计与实务》2005年7月第2版　李惠芝主编　清华大学出版社
4、 《基础会计》 2005年7月第2版 薛洪岩主编 立信会计出版社
5、 《初级会计实务》（全国会计专业技术资格考试用书）　2004年9月第1版　中
国财政经济出版社

Part 1 Basic of accounting
1. What is accounting and its role in Business
Accounting branches
2. Financial statements
n Balance sheet
n Income statement
n Statement of cash flows
n Statement of changes in equity
Assets
n Assets are valuable resources owned by the entity.
n Liabilities and equity show the sources of assets.
Liabilities
n Liabilities are the entity’s obligations to outside parties who have furnished resources.
n Creditors—who have a claim against the assets in the amount shown as the liabilities.
Equity
n Paid-in capital: provided by equity investors
n Retained earnings: generated from profits
n Equity investors have only a residual claim.
3. Concepts that govern all accounting (会计核算的基本概念)
(1) The dual-aspect concept
复式记帐概念
The fundamental accounting equation:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
复式记帐特点
ü 在两个或两个以上相互联系的账户中记录一项经济业务，以反映资金运动的来龙去脉。
ü 以相等的金额记入相应的账户，以便于检查账簿记录的正确性。
(2)The money-measurement concept 货币计量
Accounting reports only facts that can be expressed in monetary amounts.
(3)The entity concept 会计实体
A business is an entity; a college, a government, a church are also entities.
(4)The going-concern concept 持续经营
Accounting assume that an entity will continue to operate indefinitely unless there is evidence to the contrary.
n Because of the going-concern concept, accounting [does/doesn’t] report what the assets could be sold for if the entity cease to exist.
4. Concepts that govern all accounting
n (5)The asset-measurement concept 资产计量
If reliable information is available, an asset is measured as its fair value.
The fair value of most assets is known on the date the asset was acquired because the buyer and the seller agreed on the amount.
n In general , assets such as land, buildings, equipment, and inventories have this characteristic:
n Their fair value can’t be reliably measured except at the time they were acquired.
n They are reported at cost or a number based on cost.

n The assets-measurement concept combines both types of assets:
n If reliable information is available, the amount of an asset is measured at its ______; otherwise the measurement is based on its _______.
Why measuring assets at cost?
n Estimating fair value of each asset may be expensive and unreliable.
n Many assets are not going to be sold in the near future. The entity and those who use its balance sheet therefore don’t need to know the fair value of these assets.

n Monetary assets, for example, cash, securities and bonds, are those that have a claim on a specified amount of money.
n Land, buildings, equipment and inventory are nonmometary assets.

n In general, monetary assets are reported at________;
n Nonmonetary assets are reported at ___________.

n The dual-aspect concept:
n _______=________+________
n The money-measurement concept:
n Accounting reports only the facts that can be expressed in _________.
n The entity concept:
n Accounting are kept for the _______.
n The going-concern concept:
n Accounting assumes that an entity will______.
n The asset-measurement concept:
n Accounting focus on the _______of monetary assets and on the ______ of nonmonetary assets.
Balance Sheet Items
n Most items on a balance sheet are summaries of more detailed accounts.
n For example, the cash is probably located in a number of separate bank accounts, in cash registers and in petty cash boxes.
Assets
n In order to count as an asset in accounting, an item must pass three tests:
1) must be controlled by the entity;
2) must be valuable to the entity;
3) must have been acquired at a measurable cost.

n If Able Company rents a building owned by Baker Company, this building is an asset of ________.
n The employees of an entity [are/aren’t] assets.
n If a baseball club owns a contract in which a player agrees to provide his services, the contract [is/isn’t] an asset.
n If Jones Company has built up an excellent reputation because of the consistently high quality of its products, this reputation [is/isn’t] an assets in accounting.

n Which of these would qualify as assets of a company that sells dresses?
A. The company’s right to collect amounts owed by customers.
B. Regular dresses held for sale.
C. Dresses that no one wants because they have gone out of style.
D. A cash register in working condition.
E. A cash register that doesn’t work and can’t be repaired.
Assets

n Cash and other assets that are expected to be converted into cash or used up in the near future, usually within one year, are current assets.
n Assets that are expected to be useful for longer than one future year are called noncurrent assets.
Liabilities
n Liabilities can be regarded either as claims against the assets or as one of sources from which the assets were acquired.
Liabilities
n Current liabilities are claims that become due within a [short/long] time, usually in ________.
n Noncurrent liabilities due within a [short/long] time, usually in ________.
Current Ratio
n The current assets and current liabilities indicate the entity’s ability to meet its current obligations— Current Ratio.
the current ratio= current assets/current liabilities
※ a current ratio of at least 2 to 1 is desirable.
Equity
n Equity consists of capital obtained from sources that are not liabilities.
n There are two sources of equity capital:
1) Total Paid-in Capital
2) Retained Earnings
Paid-in Capital
n Paid-in Capital is the amount of capital supplied by equity investors. The equity investors receive shares of stock as evidence of their ownership.
n The Paid-in Capital is reported as:
n Common stock
n Additional Paid-in Capital
Retained Earnings
n Retained Earnings represents those amounts that have been retained in the entity after part of the company’s earnings have been paid to shareholders in the form of dividends.
n Retained Earnings=_____- _____

2 Balance Sheet Changes
教学方法：讲授法、实例法
教学目的：
u 掌握资产负债表中主要科目的含义
u 熟悉、掌握交易对资产负债表的影响
u 熟悉收入、费用和利润的概念
u 了解利润表的特征

重点和难点：
重点：
1. The meaning of the principal items reported on a balance sheet;
2. How several types of transactions change the amounts reported on the balance sheet;
3.The nature of income.
难点：
1、How several types of transactions change the amounts reported on the balance sheet
学时分配：6课时　
讲课6课时
参考书目：
6、 《基础会计》2006年7月第2版 金跃武主编 高等教育出版社
7、 《企业会计准则》（财政部文件）2006年　 中国财政经济出版社
8、 《基础会计与实务》2005年7月第2版　李惠芝主编　清华大学出版社
9、 《基础会计》 2005年7月第2版 薛洪岩主编 立信会计出版社
10、 《初级会计实务》（全国会计专业技术资格考试用书）　2004年9月第1版　中
国财政经济出版社

1. Review Part
• Securities are stocks and bonds. They give valuable rights to the entity that owns them, such as Treasury Bonds.
• Marketable securities are that are expected to be converted into cash within a year.
• ※Investment in safe, very short-term funds, such as money market funds, are often included in the cash item rather than in marketable securities. The item is then called “cash and cash equivalents”.

• Account receivable is an amount that is owed to the business ,usually by one of its customers, as a result of the ordinary extension of credit.
• Example: a customer’s monthly electric bill

• Inventories are goods being held for sale, as well as supplies, raw materials and partially finished products that will be sold upon completion.
• A truck owned by an automobile dealer for resale to its customers is inventories. [T/F/Not given]
• A truck owned by an entity and used to transport its own goods is inventories. [T/F/Not given]
Tangible Assets & Intangible Assets
Tangible Assets—have physical substance, can be touched (Inventory, Plant, Equipment, Buildings, Trucks, Machines, etc.)
Intangible Assets—have no physical substance, can’t be touched (Patents and Trademarks, Goodwill, etc.)

• A fire insurance policy that protects the entity against losses caused by fire damage [is /isn’t] an asset.
• And because the policy covers only a short period of time, the asset is a [current/noncurrent] asset.
• The insurance policy have no physical substance, except as a piece of paper, so it is a (an) _________ asset.

• Prepaid Expense is the name for intangible assets that will be used up in the near future. They are intangible current asset, such as prepaid insurance policy.
Noncurrent Assets
• Noncurrent assets are expected to be used in the entity for more than _________. (how long)
• Property, Plant and Equipment are _________. Balance Sheet shows the [cost/fair value] of noncurrent assets.

• Exhibit 1 also shows that a portion of the cost of this asset has been subtracted from the original cost because it has been “used up”. This “used-up” portion is called ______ and totals $_______.
• After this amount is subtracted, the asset amount is shown as $______. This is the amount of cost that [has/has not] been used up.

• In “Noncurrent Assets”, we can find “Investment”. The Investments item consists of securities, such as bonds. Evidently Garsden Company does not intend to turn these investments into cash within _______ (how long?).
• If these securities were expected to be turned into cash within that period, they would be listed as a current asset, M_____ _____.

• Patents and Trademarks are rights to use patents and rights to valuable brand names or logos. They are assets because:
• 1. they are ___________;
• 2. they are _________ by Garsden Company;
• 3. they are acquired at a measurable _______.

• Goodwill arises when one company buys another company and pays more than the value of its net identifiable assets. Grady Company bought Baker Company, paying $1,400,000 cash. Baker Company’s identifiable assets were judged to be worth $1,500,000, and Grady became responsible for Baker’s liabilities, which totaled $500,000.
• Baker’s identifiable assets $______
• less liabilities _______
• Net identifiable assets _______
• Grady paid Baker $1,400,000
• Therefore, goodwill was _______
Current liabilities
Current liabilities are obligations due in the near future, usually within one year.
• Accounts Payable
• Bank Loan Payable
• Accrued Liabilities

• Accounts Payable are the opposite of Accounts ______; that is they are amounts that [the company owes to its suppliers/are owed to the company by its customers].
• Smith Company sold a personal computer to Brown Company for $3,000. Brown Company agreed to pay for it within 60 days. In Balance Sheet, Smith Company would report the $3,000 as Accounts ______ and Brown Company would report the amount as Accounts ________.

• Bank Loan Payable is reported separately from Accounts Payable because the debt is evidenced by a promissory note.
• ※ Amounts owed to employees and others for services they have provided for which they have not been paid are listed as Accrued Liabilities.

• Estimated Tax Liability is the amount owed to the government for taxes. There are two reasons for showing it separately from other liabilities:
• 1.the amount is large;
• 2.the exact amount owed may not be known as of the date of the balance sheet.
• It is a current liability because the amount is due within ________.

• There are two items if Long-term Debt shown as liabilities in the balance sheet. One is labeled “current portion”, because it is due within _____.
• The other is listed “noncurrent portion”. This part doesn’t become due until after ________.
• ※ Although a single liability may have both a current portion and a noncurrent portion, a single asset is not always so divided.
Equity
• Paid-in Capital: the amount provided by equity investors – is represented by shares of stock
• Retained Earnings: the amount of income that has been retained in the entity. – It is not cash; it is part of the owner’s claim on the assets.

2. Balance Sheet Changes
• The amounts of assets, liabilities and equity of an entity [remain constant/change from day to day]. Therefore the amounts shown on its balance sheet also [remain constant/change].
• Each event that is recorded in the accounting records is called a transaction.

• Cash is money on hand and money in bank accounts that can be withdrawn at any time. On January 2, if John Smith deposited $8,500 in the bank instead of $10,000 and kept $1,500 in the cash register, its cash at the close of business on January 2 would be ________.
• Amounts on a balance sheet are listed according to the currency. Generally, the item with the most current is listed first.
• Long-term Debt
• Accounts Payable (due in 60 days)
• Bank Loan Payable (due next October)

• When an entity borrows money, it may sign a written promise to repay. Such a written promise is termed a note. For example, if Business A borrows money from Business B, signing a note , Business A will record a [note receivable/note payable] on its balance sheet, while Business B will record a _______.
• As we know that profitable operations result in an increase in equity, specifically in the item R_______ _______.

• Example:
• On January 3, Glendale Market borrowed $5,000 cash from a bank, giving a note therefore.
• On January 4, Glendale Market purchased received inventory costing $2,000, paying cash.
• On January 5, Glendale Market sold merchandise for $300, receiving cash. The merchandise had cost 200. (Retained Earnings)
• On January 6, Glendale Market purchased merchandise for $2,000 and added it to its inventory. It agreed to pay the vendor within 30 days. (Accounts Payable)
• On January 7, merchandise costing $500 was sold for $800, which was received in cash.
• On January 8, merchandise costing $600 was sold for $900. The customer agreed to pay $900 within 30 days. (Accounts Receivable)
• On January 9, Glendale Market purchased a one-year insurance policy for $200, paying cash. (Prepaid Insurance)
• On January 10, Glendale Market purchased two lots of land equal size for a total of $10,000. It thereby acquired an asset, Land. It paid $2,000 in cash and gave a ten-year mortgage for the balance of $8,000. (Mortgage Payable)
• On January 11, Glendale Market sold one of the two lots of land for $5,000. The buyer paid $1,000 cash and assumed $4,000 of the mortgage; that is , Glendale Market was