人教版新目标八年级下Unit7117页.pptx

squaren.平方平方metern.米米deepadj.深的深的desertn.沙漠沙漠populationn.人口人口Asian.亚洲亚洲tourv.n.旅行旅行touristn.旅行者旅行者walln.墙墙amazingadj.令人大为惊奇的令人大为惊奇的ancientadj.古代的古代的wideadj.宽的；宽阔和宽的；宽阔和Do you know these interest places?QomolangmaQomolangmarunsalongtheborderbetweenChinaandNepal.Itiscoveredwithsnowalltheyearround.Its8844.43high,thehighestintheworld.Its26kilometerslong.zxxkTheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Itsmorethan6600kilometerslong.Itrunsthrough9countries,itsoneofthelargestriverflowsthroughtheinternationalstatesintheworldandrunsintotheMediterraneanSea(地中海地中海)intheend.TheNileThe Caspian SeaTheCaspianSeaisthebiggestlakeintheworld.ItliesintheborderbetweenAsiaandEurope.TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.ItislocatedinthenorthernAfrica,climateconditionsareverybad,isoneoftheearthsmostnotsuitableforbiologicalsurvival.The SaharaTheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld,thefirstAsianrivers.Its6211.31kilometerslong.TheYangtzeRiverBasin,east-westwidthof3219kilometers,about966kilometerswidenorth-south,passingthrough11provinces.ItrunsintotheEastSeainShanghaifinally.TheYangtzeRiverWhich is the highest mountain in the world?Which is the longest river in Asia?.1a Match the facts you know.Qomolangmaabout9,600,000squarekilometersinsizeTheSahara1,025metersdeepTheCaspianSea6,671kilometerslongTheNile8,844.43metershighPracticeinpairslikethis:A:Whichistheinthe?B:z。xxk8,844metershigh.8,844米高米高metershigh(long,wide)米高（长，宽米高（长，宽)。英语表示英语表示“有多长（宽，高有多长（宽，高）”时，时，一般一般将数词和数量单位放在表示长宽高的将数词和数量单位放在表示长宽高的形容词前作状语形容词前作状语。e.g.Thewallis1.7metreswide.A:HowhighisQomolangma?B:Its8,844metershigh.Thebiggestdesertintheworldisabout8,000,000squarekilometersinsize.HowbigistheSahara?Itsabout8,000,000squarekilometersinsize.1b Listen and complete the sentences.1.Qomolangmais_thananyothermountainintheworld.2.TheSaharais_desertintheworld.3.TheCaspianSeais_ofallthesaltlakes.4.TheNileis_riverintheworld.higherthebiggestthedeepestthelongest2a Listen and number the facts(1-4)in the order you hear them.6,3005,0005,464300_TheYangtzeRiverisabout_kilometerslongandtheYellowRiveris_kilometerslong._Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.ItsalotbiggerthanthepopulationoftheUS._Chinaisover_yearsold.IthasamuchlongerhistorythantheUS.TheUSisnoteven_yearsold._ChinaisalmostasbigastheUS,butitisthebiggestcountryinAsia.42132b Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the numbers in the box.6,3005,0005,464300_TheYangtzeRiverisabout_kilometerslongandtheYellowRiveris_kilometerslong._Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.ItsalotbiggerthanthepopulationoftheUS.6,3005,464_Chinaisover_yearsold.IthasamuchlongerhistorythantheUS.TheUSisnoteven_yearsold._ChinaisalmostasbigastheUS,butitisthebiggestcountryinAsia.5,0003002c Make conversations using the information in 2a.A:DidyouknowthatChinaisoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworld?B:Yes,Idid.itsmucholderthanmycountry.A:DidyouknowthatYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina?B:Yes,Idid.Its6,300meterslong.B:Wow!Thatslong!中国的长城共有近一万公里，东起河北秦皇岛的中国的长城共有近一万公里，东起河北秦皇岛的山海关，西到嘉峪关，这是明代修筑长城的两个最山海关，西到嘉峪关，这是明代修筑长城的两个最大关口，北京境内的长城有大关口，北京境内的长城有600余公里，比较著名余公里，比较著名的有八达岭长城、金山岭长城、司马台长城、慕田的有八达岭长城、金山岭长城、司马台长城、慕田峪长城、居庸关长城和箭扣长城等。峪长城、居庸关长城和箭扣长城等。The Great Wall 2d Read the conversation and answer the questions:1.Whichisthebiggestman-madeobjectsintheworld？2.WhichisthemostfamouspartoftheMingGreatWall?TheGreatWall.Badalingpartofthewall.1.FellfreetoaskmeanythingontodaysGreatWalltour.在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何在今天的长城游中，大家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。问题，不要拘束。fellfree是英语口语中一个常用表达是英语口语中一个常用表达。若。若有人让你有人让你feelfreetodosomething，就，就是是让你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿让你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。去做某事。e.g.A:CanIuseyourbathroom?我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？B:Yes,feelfree.可以，请随意。可以，请随意。asfarasIknow是一个固定的表达方是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说式，还可以说sofarasIknow，意思，意思是是“据我所知据我所知”。2.AsfarasIknow,therearenoman-madeobjectsasbigasthis.据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造据我所知，再没有像它这样大的人造物体了。物体了。e.g.AsfarasIknow,Jacksgottwinsisters.就我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。就我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。Theyrenotcomingtoday,sofarasIknow.他们今天不来了他们今天不来了就我所知是这样的。就我所知是这样的。feelfreethemostpopularquestiontalkabouttheMingDynastytheancientemperorsthemainreasonasfarasIknowtheMingGreatWallHowlongisthewall?Itsabout8,850kilometerslong.Thismakesitthelongestwallintheworld.Itsthemostfamouspart.课堂小结课堂小结：1、adj.adv.的比较级和最高级的变化规则。a、直接加erest、b、以不发音e字母结尾，直接加erest c、辅音加y 结尾，改y 为i 加er est d、双写加erest(thin fat big hot)e、多音节和少数双音节前加more、most2、不规则变化 Goodwell,badill,manymuch,little,far3、much,even,a lot,a little,a bit修饰比较级。A:Tomemorizetheimportantphrasesandsentences.B:Tomakesomedialoguesaboutaskingthesizeofobjects.Whichisthehighestmountainintheworld?WhichisthelongestriverinAsia?freezingadj.极冷的；极冷的；冰冻的冰冻的naturen.大自然大自然thickadj.厚的；浓的厚的；浓的zxxk1.achievementn.成就；成绩成就；成绩e.g.Wefeltagreatsenseofachievementwhenwereachedthetopofthemountain.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。大的成就感。2.achievev.达到；完成；成功达到；完成；成功e.g.Hewillneverachieveanythingifhedoesntworkharder.如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。如果他不加紧努力工作，他会一事无成。3.southwesternadj.西南的；西南方向的西南的；西南方向的e.g.IsthisSouthwesternAirline?这是西南航空公司吗？这是西南航空公司吗？4.include v.包含；包括包含；包括e.g.Herhobbiesincludeswimmingandgardening.她爱好游泳和园艺。她爱好游泳和园艺。5.conditionn.条件；状况条件；状况e.g.Thepianowasingoodcondition.这台钢琴状况良好。这台钢琴状况良好。6.takein吸入；容纳吸入；容纳e.g.Fishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼用鳃吸氧气。鱼用鳃吸氧气。7.succeedv.实现目标；成功实现目标；成功e.g.Ifyoutryhardyoullsucceed.你如果努力就会成功。你如果努力就会成功。常用短语：常用短语：succeedindoingsth.e.g.Policehavefinallysucceededinsolvingthemystery.警察最终成功破解了这个疑案。警察最终成功破解了这个疑案。8.challengev.&n.挑战；考验挑战；考验e.g.Thejobdoesntreallychallengehim.这项工作不能真正的考验他。这项工作不能真正的考验他。Thenewgovernmentsfirstchallengeistheeconomy.新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。新政府面临的第一个挑战是经济问题。9.inthefaceof面对（困难、问题等）面对（困难、问题等）e.g.Inthefaceofdifficulties,hescompletelyunafraid.他在困难面前毫不胆怯。他在困难面前毫不胆怯。10.forcen.力；力量力；力量e.g.Thethieftookthemoneyfromtheoldmanbyforce.窃贼用暴力抢了老人的钱。窃贼用暴力抢了老人的钱。WhatdoyouknowaboutQomolangma?TalkaboutQomolangmainpairs.Zxx，k自读文章，在书中划出重点、疑点后，翻自读文章，在书中划出重点、疑点后，翻译下列短语。先独立完成，后小组商议。译下列短语。先独立完成，后小组商议。1.1.最危险的山峰最危险的山峰 2.2.世界上最危险的运动之一世界上最危险的运动之一3.3.登山（名词短语）登山（名词短语）/（动词短语）（动词短语）themostdangerousmountainoneoftheworldsmostdangeroussportsmountainclimbing/climbmountains4.4.来自世界各地的登山者来自世界各地的登山者5.5.横亘于中国的西南边界横亘于中国的西南边界6.6.在所有的山峰中在所有的山峰中7.7.厚厚的云层厚厚的云层theclimbersfromallovertheworldrunalongthesouthwesternpartofChinaofallthemountainsthickclouds8.8.更为严重的困难更为严重的困难9.9.寒冷的天气状况和强劲的暴风雪寒冷的天气状况和强劲的暴风雪10.10.首次到达珠穆朗玛峰顶的人首次到达珠穆朗玛峰顶的人moreseriousdifficultiesfreezingweatherconditionsandheavystormsthefirstpeopletoreachthetopofQomolangmaRead the article and match each paragraph with the main ideas.Paragraph1spiritofclimbersParagraph2achievementsofclimbersParagraph3factsanddangers3aOneofthemost_sportsintheworldismountain_,andoneofthemost_placestogoforthisistheHimalayas.Theseextremelyhigh_attract_fromallovertheworld.Manypeoplesaythisisoneofthemost_partsoftheworld.According to the passage,fill in the blanks.dangerousclimbingpopularriskclimbersfamousTheHimalayas_alongthe_borderofchina.Ofallthepeaks(tops),Qomolangmaisthe_andmost_.Its_toclimbQomolangmabecausethickclouds_thetopofthemountain.Evenmoreserious_includethefreezing_conditionsandthe_storms.runssouthwesternhighestfamousthehardestcoverdifficultiesweatherheavyThefirst_toreachthetopofQomolangmaTenzingNorgayandEdmundHillarydiditin1953.ThefirstChineseclimber_thetopin1960,andin1975,thefirst_didittoo.peoplereachedwomanRead the article again,and answer the following questions.1.WhatamountainisHimalayas?2.WhyisitdangeroustoclimbQomolangma?3.WhendidthefirstChinesereachthetopofQomolangma?Itsoneofthemostpopularplacesformountainclimbing.Becausethickcloudscoverthetopandsnowcanfallveryhard.In1960.Read the article again and complete the chart.Paragraph1 Paragraph2Paragraph3Listtourdangersforclimbers.ListthreeachievementsListtourcomparisonsthickclouds1953TenzingNorgayandEdmundHillarywerethefirsttoreachthetopmostdangeroussport3bsnowcanfallveryhardfreezingweatherconditionsheavystormsThefirstChineseteamreachedthetopin1960.ThefirstwomantosucceedwasJunkoTabeifromJapanin1975.Peoplecanchallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.Nevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdream.Humanscanbestrongerthantheforcesofnature.Answer the questions using information from the article.1.WherearetheHimalayas?2.HowhighisQomolangma?InthesouthwesternpartofChina.8,844.43metershigh.3c3.Whydosomanypeopletrytoclimbthismountaineventhoughitisdangerous?4.Whatdoesthespiritoftheclimberstellus?Becausepeoplewanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.Weshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.1.Oneoftheworldsmostdangeroussportsismountainclimbing,“oneof+the+形容词的最高级形容词的最高级+复数名复数名词词”，意为，意为“最最之一之一”。如：如：MissWangisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。2.Itisalsoveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetop.Itis+adj.+todosth.，it作形式主语作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句尾。常用于此句型的形容词有尾。常用于此句型的形容词有important，difficult，dangerous，necessary，useful，possible等，用等，用来对来对todosth.进行说明。此句型可以进行说明。此句型可以转换成转换成Todosth.is+adj.。3.Evenmoreseriousdifficultiesincludefreezingweatherconditionsandheavystorms.difficulty既可作可数名词也可作不可既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词。数名词。e.g.ItisimportanttostudyEnglishwell.学好英语很困难。学好英语很困难。ItsverydifficulttoclimbQomolangma.攀登珠穆朗玛峰很难。攀登珠穆朗玛峰很难。作可数名词时通常用复数，表示具体概作可数名词时通常用复数，表示具体概念，即：各式各样的念，即：各式各样的“困难，难题，难困难，难题，难事事”，如：如：Heshavingfinancialdifficulties.他正手头拮据。他正手头拮据。作不可数名词时，译作作不可数名词时，译作“困难，艰难，困难，艰难，幸幸苦苦”，如：如：Shehadgreatdifficultyinunderstandinghim.她很难理解他说的话。她很难理解他说的话。4.Thespiritoftheseclimbersshowsusthatweshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.giveup意为意为“放弃放弃”，后面可以接名，后面可以接名词、代词或词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。注意：注意：如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可如果其宾语是名词，那么名词可以放在以放在give和和up之间，也可以放在之间，也可以放在up之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只之后；如果其宾语是代词，那么代词只能放在能放在give和和up之间之间。如：。如：Myunclewantstogiveupdrinkingwine.我叔叔想戒酒。我叔叔想戒酒。AlthoughEnglishisnteasytolearn,Iwontgiveitup.虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。虽然英语不易学，但我不会放弃。5.Whydosomanypeopletrytoclimbthismountaineventhoughitisdangerous?eventhough用作从属连词，意为用作从属连词，意为“即使；即使；尽管尽管”，相当于，相当于evenif，引导让步状语从，引导让步状语从句，一般不与并列连词句，一般不与并列连词but连用连用。如：。如：Mr.Wangwillcomeontimeeventhoughitrains.尽管下雨，但王老师会按时来。尽管下雨，但王老师会按时来。Whatsthehighestmountainintheworld?Qomolangma.HowhighisQomolangma?Its8,844.43metershigh.Itshigherthananyothermountain.Whichisthedeepestsaltlakeintheworld?TheCaspianSeaisthedeepestofallthesaltlakes.DidyouknowthatChinaisoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworld?zxxkYes,Idid.ItsmucholderthantheUS.大多数形容词有三个级。大多数形容词有三个级。1.原级原级:Structure:as.as.像像.一样一样e.g.TimisastallasTom.2.比较级比较级(用于两者之间的比较用于两者之间的比较):Structure：形容词比较级形容词比较级than.e.g.Thisboxisbiggerthanthatone.3.最高级最高级(用于三者或三者以上的比较用于三者或三者以上的比较):Structure:the+形容词的最高级形容词的最高级of/in.e.g.Tomistheheaviestinourclass.Heisthemostpopularinourschool.规则变化规则变化1)一般情况下，一般情况下，单音节或双音节的形容单音节或双音节的形容词词/副词比较级副词比较级er，最高级最高级est。如。如:clevercleverercleverestfewfewerfewestsmallsmallersmallest等。等。2)以以e结尾的词结尾的词，比较级比较级r，最高级最高级st即可。即可。如：如：nicenicernicestcutecutercutestlargelargerlargest3)以以辅音字母辅音字母y结尾的结尾的变变y为为ier或或est如如:easyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest再如：再如：early,busy,heavy,dirty,lazy也如也如此。此。4)重读闭音节，单辅音结尾的，重读闭音节，单辅音结尾的，双写这双写这个辅音字母个辅音字母er或或est的词：的词：fatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestredredderreddestwetwetterwettestbigbiggerbiggestzx。xk5)多音节和部分双音节的词多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词需要在形容词原级前原级前more构成构成比较级比较级，themost构构成成最高级最高级。如：。如：beautifulmorebeautifulthemostbeautiful又如又如:delicious,popular,important,interesting,expensive,creative双音节双音节的词如的词如:carefulmorecarefulthemostcarefulusefulmoreusefulthemostuseful少数单音节词少数单音节词也是这样，如：也是这样，如：pleasedmorepleasedthemostpleasedtiredmoretiredthemosttiredb)不规则变化：不规则变化：goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostfarfartherfarthest(距离远距离远)farfurtherfurthest(程度深程度深)oldeldereldest(长幼长幼)oldolderoldest(年龄年龄)1.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用时，用“the+最高级最高级”的结构表示。的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：词短语。例如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.2.最高级可被最高级可被序数词序数词以及以及much，byfar，nearly，almost，bynomeans，notquite，notreally，nothinglike等词语所等词语所修饰。例如：修饰。例如：Thishatisbyfarmuchnearlyalmostnotnearlybynomeansnotquitenothinglikethebiggest.Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcoat?3.表示表示“最高程度最高程度”的形容词，如的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。级，也不能用比较级。4.形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。e.g.Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.5.作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。e.g.Ofalltheboyshecame(the)earliest.3.比较级和最高级的转换比较级和最高级的转换e.g.Tomisthetalleststudentintheclass.=Tomistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.=Tomistallerthanalltheotherstudentsintheclass.=NootherstudentsaretallerthanTom.总结：总结：anyother+名词单数名词单数theother+名词复数名词复数否定否定+比较级比较级=最高级最高级比较级比较级+极限极限=最高级最高级同级比较同级比较as+adj./adv.+ase.g.SheisasthinasLily.HewritesascarefullyasLinda.not+as/so+adj./adv.+ase.g.TonydidntrunsofastasCarter.Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.bigmuchpopularlongoldhigh1.TheAmazonRiverisoneofthe_riversintheworld.Itsalittle_thantheYangtzeRiver.2.Qomolangmais8,844.43meters_.Itsoneofthemost_placesforseriousmountainclimbers.longestlongerhighpopular4a3.Nooceanintheworldisas_asthePacificOcean.4.AlthoughJapanis_thanCanada,itis_smaller.bigoldermuch太平洋太平洋n.大海；海洋大海；海洋Write two comparisons about two topics.Write true facts.Tworivers:_and_4bTheYangtzeRiverisalmostaslongastheAmazonRiver.TheAmazonislongerthantheYangtze,buttheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.theYangtzeRivertheAmazonRiverTwocities:_and_1._.2._.Twoanimals:_and_1._.2._.Write five questions using comparisons.Then ask your partner your questions.1._2._3._4._5._4cWhatisthehighestbuildinginourcity?1.Sheis_than_.A.busier/usB.busier/weC.morebusy/usD.morebusy/we2.Janeis_thanBetty.A.lesstallerB.lesstallestC.lesstallD.notastall3.Chinais_countryintheworld.A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethirdlargeD.athirdlargestBAA4.Whichis_seasoninBeijing?Ithinkitsautumn.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest5.Whichis_,thesun,themoonortheearth?Themoonis.A.smallB.smallerC.smallestD.thesmallestDD6.IstudyEnglishas_asmybrother.A.hardB.harderC.hardest7.Whichis_,abicycleoracomputer?A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.themostexpensive8.TheYellowRiverisoneof_riversinChina.A.longB.longerC.thelongestABC课堂小结课堂小结：square 平方、广场、正方形population 人口 常与the 连用，谓语动词用第三人称单数take in 吸入，吞入，包含，包括，理解，掌握in the face of 面对问题，困难1.Tomemorizetheimportantphrasesandsentences.2.Tomakesomesentencesusingasas,.timesthan,lessthan,morethanweigh v.称重称重adult n.成人成人 adj.成年的成年的bamboo n.竹子竹子endangered adj.濒危的濒危的research n.&v.调查；研究调查；研究keeper n.饲养员饲养员awake adj.醒着醒着excitement n.激动激动illness n.疾病疾病artwork n.插图插图wild adj.野生的野生的government n.政府政府Compare facts about these two animals.Use the language in the box to help you make sentences.1aElephantis350cmtallweighs5,000kiloseats150kilosoffoodadayzxxkPandais150cmtall(standingontwolegs)weighs100kiloseats10kilosoffoodadayExample sentences:Thiselephantweighsmanytimesmorethanthispanda.(200cmtaller/shorter,weighmuchmore/less,eatmuchmore/less,eatmanytimesmore)大熊猫最奇特的一点是大熊猫最奇特的一点是新生儿在出生时相当的新生儿在出生时相当的不成熟，体重仅是它母不成熟，体重仅是它母亲体重的亲体重的0.1%，平均为，平均为145克左右，约为成年克左右，约为成年的千分之一。照顾孩子的千分之一。照顾孩子是一项非常艰巨的任务，是一项非常艰巨的任务，通常历时通常历时18个月，有时个月，有时长达两年，直到她的下长达两年，直到她的下一个孩子出生。一个孩子出生。大象是现存世界最大的大象是现存世界最大的陆栖动物，主要外部特陆栖动物，主要外部特征为柔韧而肌肉发达的征为柔韧而肌肉发达的长鼻和扇大的耳朵，具长鼻和扇大的耳朵，具缠卷的功能，是象自卫缠卷的功能，是象自卫和取食的有力工具。象和取食的有力工具。象肩高约肩高约2米，体重米，体重37吨。吨。非洲象耳大，体型较大，非洲象耳大，体型较大，体重较重。亚洲象耳小，体重较重。亚洲象耳小，身体较小，体重较轻。身体较小，体重较轻。Z，xxkListen and check()the numbers you hear.1001620501200