2017年中考真题（阅读理解）.doc

2017年中考真题（阅读理解）(2017浙江宁波) DTHREE CENTURIES OF HQAXES（骗局；恶作剧）！A THINKING MACHINE In 1769, long before computers were invented, a man from Hungary（匈牙利）built a wonderful machine that could play chess very well. It delighted（使高兴）people all over Europe and beat nearly everyone it played, including famous figures like French leader Napoleon Bonaparte, and scientist and inventor Benjamin Franklin. For decades, many people believed that it was truly a thinking machine. There were people who said it was a hoax, but could not prove it or explain how it worked. About 85 years later, the secret was finally revealed. There was a man hiding inside the machine all the timewho was obviously very good at playing chess!ZOO ESCAPE（逃脱） On November 9, 1874, New York newspaper, The Herald, ran a shocking story on its front page. It said that all the animals in the Central Park Zoo had escaped and were running around the city. It said the police were working to save people, but 27 people had already been killed, and 200 people hurt. It warned everyone to stay at home to avoid the danger. Many people in New York were terrified, and did as the paper said. If only they had read the final words of the article, which said: “Not one word of it is true. Not a single act described has taken place,” It was all just a hoax. The story was made up by Thomas Connery, an editor at The Herald, who wanted to draw attention to the poor condition of cages in the zoo. ROSIE THE RUNNER The first woman to cross the finish line of the 1980 Boston Marathon（马拉松）was 23-year-old Rosie Ruiz. However, as she climbed the stairs to receive her prize, people started to become suspicious（怀疑的). She didnt seem to be tired at all. Furthermore, none of the other runners remembered seeing her, and her picture never appeared in photos or TV broadcasts of the race. Later, several people said that they had seen her join the race only at the end. It turned out she had run only half a mile (about 805 meters) and taken the train for the rest of the race! Her prize was taken away, of course. 42. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refers to（指）_. A. the hoax B. the news C. the thinking machine D. the computer43. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A. The thinking machine used a computer to win games. B. 200 people were killed by zoo animals in 1874. C. Rosie Ruiz wasnt tired at the finish line. D. Rosie Ruiz didnt appear in TV broadcasts of the race.44. What is true about all the hoaxes in the passage? A. They made people scared. B. They fooled a lot of people. C. They made people suspicious. D. They delighted people .45. The title of the passage shows us that the writer thinks that hoaxes _. A. are not new B. are easily avoided C. are always cruel D. are usually unbelievable 题材：安全问题 【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是发生在三个不同世纪中的三个骗局，分别是18世纪有人“发明”了一个下象棋的机器高手，后来证明是有人藏在机器中；19世纪美国纽约的一家报纸报道说，一家动物园里的所有动物都从园里逃了出来，在大街上踩死踩伤很多人，提醒市民注意安全。最后被告知这是一起恶作剧；第三则是20世纪马拉松国际长跑比赛的“冠军”获得者是弄虚作假得来的荣誉，最后被取消成绩。42. C 【解析】 推理判断题。根据原文第一段中的“a man from Hungary built a wonderful machine that could play chess very well”可知，有个匈牙利人对外吹嘘自己发明了一个下象棋高手的“机器”，这让欧洲各地的人们非常高兴。故推断画线代词it指的是“会思考的机器”。故选C。43. D 【解析】推理判断题。通读原文可知，“会思考的机器”其实是利用藏在机器里面的一个擅长下象棋的人来博取胜利的，而不是电脑；在1874年的“动物大逃亡”的骗局中，被动物踩死的人数是27人，不是200人；Rosie Ruiz是在登上领奖台接受颁奖时，看起来好像一点都不疲惫，而不是在冲刺终点线的时候；只有选项D说法“Rosie Ruiz没有出现在比赛电视直播的画面里”在原文提到过。故选D。44. B【解析】推理判断题。通读原文可知，这三个骗局起初都蒙骗了许多人，故选项B说法是真实的。故选B。45. A【解析】推断理解题。文章的标题为“三个世纪骗局”，文章介绍这三个曾欺骗蒙蔽过许多人的跨世纪的骗局，因为作者认为骗局并不是新生事物。故选A。(2017浙江嘉兴舟山) CHave you ever been in a conflict(冲突)? Do you know how to solve it? Conflict resolution is a peaceful way of trying to solve a conflict. Both sides in the conflict explain what they think happened to cause it. The person who listens to both sides is called the mediator(调解人).After both sides tell what they think happened to cause the conflict, they discuss ways to solve it. They try to come up with a “resolution” that both sides agree to. They cannot be angry during the communication. Everyone should use good listening and attending skills while talking. If voices get too loud or it appears that someone is angry, the mediator will speak up and have them treat each other with respect. After different suggestions are shared in how to mediate the conflict, it is time fordiscussing the best solution(解决办法).Here is an example of how conflict resolution works step by step in a school playground setting: Someone says a student pushed him on the football field. The person who was accused as the “pusher” says it was actually an accident. The person who was pushed gets the mediator. The mediator takes the two persons to a quieter place, away from others to talk. The mediator calms them down and lets them know he understands their feelings. Each person describes what happened. The mediator repeats what he heard, so it is clear to everyone. The mediator asks for ideas to solve the problem. The two persons offer their own solutions. The two persons have a discussion and come to an agreement. The mediator makes sure the persons follow the solution. The mediator offers praise for solving the problem.Conflict resolution can be used in many environments. It encourages people to tell what really happened, to share their feelings, and to work together peacefully to solve the problem. It offers people workable steps to reach an agreement with the help of a mediator.38. According to the passage, if two students have had a fight, they had better_.A. call the policeB. get a mediatorC. ask parents for ideasD. describe the fight to teachers39. In conflict resolution, the mediators job is to_.A. describe what really happened to both sidesB. help both sides reach an agreement in a proper wayC. listen to both sides and then punish the trouble makerD. write down what both sides have explained in the communication40. The underlined words “was accused” in this passage might mean “_” in Chinese. A. 被惩罚B. 被轻视C. 被指责D. 被否定41. The writer gives the example in the passage in order to_.A. show how a mediator works in a football matchB. help us know the importance of a mediator in daily lifeC. show how conflict resolution is used in different environmentsD. help us clearly understand the workable steps in conflict resolutionC 题材：安全问题【主旨大意】本文主要讲述遇到冲突时，如何解决冲突。并通过以描述校园冲突为例，具体描述调解人解决冲突的过程，以此强调解决冲突的重要性。38. B 细节推测题。从第一段提问后的答语可得知冲突调解是一个解决冲突的平和方法，倾听冲突双方的人叫做调解人，所以最好是找调解人。Conflict resolution is a peaceful way of trying to solve a conflict. Both sides in the conflict explain what they think happened to cause it. The person who listens to both sides is called the mediator. 故选B。39. B 细节推测题。根据最后一段最后一句可得知。It offers people workable steps to reach an agreement with the help of a mediator. 通过调解人的帮助使冲突双方通过可行的解决办法达成一致。故选B。40. C 词义猜测题。根据后文 as the “pusher”可得知 the person 是推人的一方，所以是被指责的一方。故选C。41. D 主旨大意题。从第三段可得知 Here is an example of how conflict resolution works step by step in a school playground setting. 可得知答案为D。(2017江苏连云港)AThe Importance of First Aid First aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly ill, including self-help and home care if medical help is not available or delayed. First aid knowledge means life or death during an emergency situation so that the greatest possible good may be done for the greatest number of people.General Treatment to Burns Move the injured away from the heat source. Check the breathing and pulse as well as the extent and depth of hums. Flush the burnt area with water to reduce pain. Cover the wound with a sterilized(消毒的) dressing. For facial bums, use sheet or something else to cover the burnt area.Heatstroke(中暑) To avoid heatstroke, you should stop rough activities in hot weather. If you are still to go outdoors, you should: wear light loose-fitting clothing; rest in a cool place as often as possible; drink pure water or fruit juice; avoid beverage(饮料) such as milk, tea, wine, beer.First Aid TrainingThere are some organizations giving first aid courses recognized by the local government. For more information, you can call the Fire Services Ambulance Command Training School on 2640 3708.31. If someone is burnt, you should let him or her _.A. wear light loose-filling clothingB. move away from the heat sourceC. rest in a cool place as often as possibleD. be covered with a sheet or something else32. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. First aid is given when medical help is unavailable or delayed.B. A sterilized dressing is used to cover the wound to reduce pain.C. Beverage should be avoided if someone is suffering heatstroke.D. A call on 2640 3708 can offer information about first aid training.33. What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?A. To introduce some first aid training courses and schools.B. To show the importance of first aid with some examples.C. To praise an organization that is related to first aid training.D. To tell the readers how to perform some first aid treatment.A题材：安全问题 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于急救的一些常识。谈论了急救的重要性和对急救的一些训练以及中暑和烧伤等情况的处理办法。31. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Move the injured away from the heat source.可知要远离烧伤源。故选B。32. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最第三条 Flush the burnt area with water to reduce pain.可知用水冲洗患处可降低疼痛。B选项表述不正确。故选B。33. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者旨在告诉人们如何进行一些急救治疗的表演。故选D。 (2017江苏南京）ADear Greg,I have gone next door.These are the things I want you to do. 1. Get out of your school clothes.2. Clean up your room.3. Wash the dog.4. Brush the cat.5. Have some afternoon tea.BUT BEFORE you do ANY of these. go outside into the garden.LoveMum26. The note told Greg his mother was _.A. not at homeB. in the gardenC. washing the dogD. making afternoon tea27. What did Greg have to do in his room?A. Wash his uniform.B. Feed the pets.C. Have a rest.D. Make it tidy.28. What did Gregs mother ask him to do first?A. Go outside.B. Brush the cat.C. Have afternoon tea.D. Change his clothes.题材：日常生活【主旨大意】本文是一篇图文应用文。本文通过图文结合，妈妈告诉孩子外出时，孩子在家要做的几件事。26. A 【解析】细节理解题。由文中“I have gone next door.”知，妈妈不在家。故选A。27. D 【解析】细节理解题。由文中“Clean up your room打扫你的房间”知，要让房间变得整洁。故选D。28. A 【解析】细节理解题。由文中“go outside into the garden”知，妈妈叫他做事要到外面去。故选A。(2017山东东营) D Sir, I think I will tell you what happened last night. My husband Mr. Smith went to bed at about half past ten. The servants had already gone to their rooms. Only my housekeeper stayed in her room at the top of the house until I needed her.I read a book in this room until after eleven. Then I walked round to make sure that all was right before I went upstairs(楼上). I went into the kitchen, the storeroom, the living room, and finally the dining-room. As I came near the window, which is covered with thick curtains(窗帘), I suddenly felt the wind blow on my face, and realized that it was open. I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a man who had just walked into the room. By the light of my bedroom candle, I saw two other men entering behind the first. I was so scared, walking back quickly, but the man was on me in a minute. He caught me first by the wrist(手腕) and then by the throat. I tried to shout, but he hit me heavily over the eyes, and I fell to the ground. I must have been unconscious for a few minutes. When I woke up, I found they had tied me to the chair, and a scarf round my mouth stopped me from making any sound. At this time, my unlucky husband came into the room. He had certainly heard some suspicious(令人怀疑的) sounds, and he came prepared. When he rushed at one of the bad men, another man took the poker(拔火棍) out of the fireplace quietly and hit him heavily as he passed. My husband fell without a sound and never moved again.51. When did the bad men go into the house?A. Before Mr. Smith went to bed. B. While Mrs. Smith was reading a book.C. Before the servants went to their rooms.D. When Mrs. Smith was checking the rooms.52. Where did the event take place?A. In the kitchen.B. In the dining-room.C. In the living room.D. In the storeroom.53. What does the underlined word “unconscious” mean?A.昏迷的B. 疼痛的C. 窘迫的D. 发狂的54. What did the bad men NOT do after they went into the house?A. They caught Mrs. Smith by the hair.B. They hit Mrs. Smith heavily.C. They tied Mrs. Smith.D. They killed Mr. Smith.55. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mrs. Smith was too scared to cry for help.B. The bad men went into the room through the door.C. Mr. Smith guessed something unusual was happening.D. Mr. Smith knew how many bad men were in the house.题材：日常生活【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主要是作者回忆几个坏人是如何进入到她的家里，她是被坏人抓住手腕并且击昏，他闻讯赶来的丈夫也惨遭坏人伤害致死。51. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段句子As I came near the windowfound myself face to face with a man who had just walked into the room.可知当史密斯夫人检查房间的时候坏人进入了房子。故选D。52. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句I went into the kitchen, the storeroom, the living room, and finally the dining-room.可知史密斯夫人最后来到餐厅，绑架事件发生在这里。故选B。53. A 【解析】细节理解。根据下句When I woke up, I found they had tied me to the chair, and a scarf round my mouth stopped me from making any sound.中的关键词woke up可知斯密斯夫人昏迷了。故选A。54. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段句子He caught me first by the wrist(手腕) and then by the throat.可知坏人首先抓住斯密斯夫人的手腕，然后是喉咙。并没有抓住头发，所以A项错误。根据第二段句子I tried to shout, but he hit me heavily over the eyes可知B项提到了；根据第二段句子When I woke up, I found they had tied me to the chair可知C项提到了；根据第二段最后句子My husband fell without a sound and never moved again.可知斯密斯现在被坏人杀死了，所以D项提到了。故选A。55. C 【解析】细节理解题。A项：斯密斯夫人太害怕了而不能呼救。根据第二段句子When I woke up, I found they had tied me to the chair, and a scarf round my mouth stopped me from making any sound.可知因为坏人用围巾绑住斯密斯夫人的嘴，致使她发不出声音。所以A错误；B项：坏人通过门进入房间。根据文章句子I pulled the curtain to one side, and found myself face to face with a man who had just walked into the room.可知坏人是通过窗户进入房子的。所以B项错误；C项：斯密斯先生猜测到一些不寻常的事情发生。根据文章句子He had certainly heard some suspicious(令人怀疑的) sounds, and he came prepared.可知斯密斯先生听到了怀疑的声音，所以他猜测到有不寻常的事情发生。故C项正确；D项：斯密斯先生知道有多少坏人。根据文章句子When he rushed at one of the bad men, another man took the poker(拔火棍) out of the fireplace quietly and hit him heavily as he passed.可知斯密斯先生不知道背后有坏人，也就是说他不知道有多少坏人。所以D项错误。故选C。(2017浙江绍兴)C More Chinese universities are opening their libraries to the public, allowing people to enjoy reading during normal time and the vacations. But for some students, including Wang Ling, 21, in Sun Yat-sen University, this practice has caused headaches. “Members of the public come to our library more for sightseeing than reading,” said Wang.“They sometimes even bring their kids