2024年职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解.doc

职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解
理工类(A级)试题

第1部分：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中都有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所
给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡对应的
位置上。
1 These are their Motives for doing it．
A. reasons B excuses
C answers D plans
2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west．
A. twists B. stretches
C. broadens D. bends
3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs
A. abuse B. flavor
C. temptation D. consumption
4 These programmes are of immense value to old people
A natural B fatal
C tiny D enormous
5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation．
A.maintain B.improve
C.assess D protect
6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article．
A cooperating B competing
C combining D arguing
7 He is determined to conso1idate his power
A strengthen B control
C abandon D exercise
8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems．
A solving B exploring
C settling D handling
9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits．
A removed B cured
C worsened D relieved
10 Allthe cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory
A functions B faults
C motions D parts
11 The food is insufficient for three people．
A instant B infinite
C inexpensive D inadequate
12 Thousands of people perished in the storm
A died B suffered
C floated D scattered
13 But in the end he approved of our proposal．
A undoubtedly B certainly
C ultimately D necessarily
14 For young children，getting dressed is a complicated business．
A strange B complex
C personal D funny
15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management．
A evaluation B pruduction
C efficiency D publicity

第2部分：阅读判断 (第1 6～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请依照短文的内容对每个甸子做出判断。
假如该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请在
答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated
Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad
scientist changed? The Institute of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics
‘boffin’(科学家)still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London．The people were
asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects．98 percent of
those asked got it wrong．The majority of people picked a white male of around 60，wearing
glasses and with a white beard．
While this stereotype may have been the image of all average physicist fifty years ago，the
reality is now very different Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has
doubled and the average age of a physicist is now 31．
The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and
Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards
full of equations等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)test tubes．These stereotypes are really
damaging to society．Very good school children are put off studying science because they don’t
see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science．They simply don’t relate
to the media’s image of the mad scientist．
This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science at university．If we
want to encourage more young people to study science subjects，we need to change this image of
the scientist and make science careers more attractive．But we must also develop children’s
interest in science．
In an attempt to change this negative image，an increasing number of science festivals are
being organized．Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in the internationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads．Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Olympiads which are held in a different county every year．These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science．It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subjects like computer studies or fashion and design．
16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18 The media and the cinema have played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years．
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子 (第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡对应的位置上。
Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?
1 A clone is all exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997，research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology．A mouse has also been cloned successfully， But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
2 Seed’S announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe，
nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the
President announced：”We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in
the US will have passed anti-cloning laws by the end of the year．’’
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning，They are worried that laws banning
human cloning will threaten important research．In March，The New England Journal of Medicine
called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken．Many researchers also
believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by
because it is impossible to stop the progress of science．
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been
bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such
information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be
doing next．
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans. It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like．But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask．Pretty cool, answer the pr-cloners(赞成克隆的人)．

第4部分：阅读了解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题背面有4个选项。请依照文章的内容
从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡对应的位置上。
第一篇
More Than a Ride to School
The National Education Association claims．“The school bus is a mirror of the community．”
They further add that，unfortunately, what appears on the exterior does not always reflect the
reality of a chosen community．They are right--sometimes it reflects more! Just ask Liesl
Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl．
Bruce Hardy．school bus driver for Althouse BUS Company has been Liesl’s bus driver since
kindergarten．Last year when Liesl’s family moved to Parkesburg，knowing her bus went by her
new residence。she requested to ride the same bus
This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus．She says，”It’s been a
great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend and a good listener．Sometimes when you’re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important．Mr.Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important．’’Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree．
Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel special since 1975. This year he will
celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company，Larry Althouse，president of the company,
acknowledges Bruce Hardy’s outstanding record：“You do not come by employees like Bruce
these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record．He was
recognized in by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident
free miles．Hardy’s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with
the students that ride his bus．”
Althouse further adds，‘‘Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago and has been
providing quality transportation ever since．My grandfather started the business with one bus．
Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service
to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for
many more years to come．’’
Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed．Thanks to drivers like
Bruce Hardy，they have been building relationships through generations，Liesl’s mother Carol
also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy’s bus to the Octorara School District．
31 The word“mirror'’in the first line could be best replaced by
E ‘‘vehicle”．
F ‘‘device”．
G “need”
H “reflection”．
32 Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company
A for 30 years．
B for 70 years．
C since last year．
D since
33 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Bruce Hardy?
A He is popular with his passengers．
B He has never missed a day of work．
C He is an impatient person
D He has driven 350.000 accident free miles．
34 Althouse Bus Company was founded by
A Larry Althouse．
B Althouse’s grandfather
C Liesl’s mother
D Ashley Batista．
35 Althouse Bus Company pays much attention to
A employing young drivers
B running quality schools．
C providing free driving lessons
D building sound relationships．
第二篇
A Phone That Knows You’re Busy
It’s a modern problem：you’re too busy to be disturbed by incessant(连续不停的)phone
calls so you turn your cellphone off .But if you don’t remember to turn it back on when you’re
less busy．you could miss some important calls if only the phone knew when it was wise to
interrupt you，you wouldn’t have to turn it off at all. Instead，it could let calls through when you
are not too busy
A bunch of behavior sensors(传感器)and a clever piece of software could do just that，by
analyzing your behavior to determine if it’s a good time to interrupt you．If built into a phone，the
system may decide you’re too busy and ask the caller to leave a message or ring back later．
James Fogarty and Scott Hudson at Camegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania based their
system oil tiny microphones，cameras and touch sensors that reveal body language and activity．
First they had to study different behaviors to find out which ones stongly predict whether your
mind is interrupted
The potential“busyness”signals they focused on included whether the office doors were left
open or closed，the time of day，if other people were with the person in questionhow close they
were to each other, and whether or not the computer was in use．
The sensors monitored these and many other factors while four subjects were at work . At
random intervals，the subjects rated how interruptible they were on a scale ranging from“highly
interruptible’’to“highly not—interruptible” . Their ratings were then correlated with the various
behaviors . “It is a shotgun(随意的)approach：we used all the indicators we could think of and
then let statistics find out which were important，” says Hudson
The model showed that using the keyboard，and talking on a landline or to someone else in
the office correlated most strongly with how interruptible the subjects judged themselves to be．
Interestingly，the computer was actually better than people at predicting when someone was
too busy to be interrupted . The computer got it right 82 per cent of the time，humans 77 per cent．
Fogarty speculates that this might be because people doing the interrupting are inevitably biased
towards delivering their message，whereas computers don’t care．
The first application for Hudson and Fogarty’s system is likely to be in an instant messaging system，followed by office phones and cellphones．“There is no technological roadblock(障碍)
to it being deployed in a couple of years，” says Hudson
36 A big problem facing people today is that
A they must tolerate phone disturbances or miss important calls．
B they must turn off their phones to keep their homes quiet．
C they have to switch from a desktop phone to a cellphone．
D they are too busy to make phone calls．
37 The behavior sensor and software system built in a phone
A could help store messages．
B could send messages instantly
C could tell when it is wise to interrupt you．
D could identify important phone calls．
38 Scientists at Carnegie Menon University tried to find out
A why office doors were often 1eft open．
B when it was a good time to turn off the computer．
C what questions office workers were bothered with．
D which behaviors could tell whether a person was busy
39 During the experiment，the subjects were asked
A to control the sensors and the camera．
B to rate the degrees to which they could be interrupted．
C to compare their behaviors with others’．
D to analyze all the indicators of interruption．
40 The computer performed better than people in the study because
A the computer worked harder．
B the computer was not busy
C people tended to be biased．
D people were not good at statistics．
第三篇
The Exploding Lakes of Cameroon
What comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with
blue water，birds，and fish．For the people in the northwestern Cameroon，however, the image is
very different. For them，lakes may mean terrible disasters. In 1984，poisonous gases exploded
out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages，killing thirty—seven people．Two
years later,Lake Nyos erupted A cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and
killed 1,700 people．
Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater(火山口)lakes They were formed when water
collected in the craters of old volcanoes The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are
not active anymore. However, poisono