英语构词法专题培训市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语构词法,第1页,英语构词法主要有,三,种：,合成,、,派生,与,转化,。,英语构词法种类,另外缩写和简写也是构词法一个。,第2页,.,合成,:,有两个或更多词合成一个词。,复合名词,class+room=,classroom,(名词+名词),black+board=,blackboard,(形容词+名词),复合形容词,warm+heart+ed=,warmhearted,热心肠,good+looking=,good,-lo,oking,相貌好看,world+wide=,worldwide,世界性,hard+working=hard-working 努力工作,第3页,复合动词,over+come=,overcome,克服,(副词+动词),复合数词,fifty+four=,fifty-four,复合代词,everyone,somebody,anything,nobody,(不定代词+名词),第4页,复合副词,down+stairs=,downstairs,在楼下(形容词+名词),whole+heartedly=,wholeheartedly,全神贯注地(副词+副词),第5页,2.,派生,:,是经过在词根上加,前缀,或者,后缀,组成一个新词。,happy-,un,happy,develop-develo,pment,第6页,前缀普通只引发,意思,上改变而不造成,词类,改变，只有少数能引发词类改变。,mis,-错误+understand,v.,了解,-,mis,understand,v.,误解,en+large,adj.,大-enlarge,v.,扩大,第7页,后缀普通只引发,词性,上改变而不造成,意思,改变。,care v.照料,-care,ful,adj.细心,work v.工作,-work,er,n.工人,第8页,常见,前缀,第9页,(A)表示,否定,前缀：,un,-unfair,unhappy,non,-nonsmoker,(惯用在n.adj.adv.前),in,-inactive (惯用在adj.后),dis,-disagree,disappear,im,-impolite,impossible,(用在b,p,m 开头词前),(B).表示,错误,或,失当,前缀:,mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导),第10页,(C)表示,两个,双边,前缀：,bi,-bicolor(双色),bicycle,表示,相互,交互,在一起,前缀,inter,interview,international,internet,(E)表示,又,再,重新,前缀,re,review,return,rewrite,(F)表示,远,前缀,tele,telephone,television,第11页,常见,后缀,第12页,1.动词变名词：,-tion,education,invitation,prediction,-ment,development,movement,disappointment,-er,teacher,worker,runner,singer,-or,visitor,sailor,tutor,actor,第13页,名词后缀,补充,:,-ist,(人,名词后缀),scientist,terrorist,-ese,(民族,语言,名词后缀),Chinese,Japanese,第14页,2.形容词变名词,-,ness,happiness,meanness,carelessness,-,ity,ability,possibility,第15页,3.名词变形容词：,-,y,windy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy,-,ish,foolish,feverish,-,some,handsome,troublesome,-,ous,dangerous,humorous,-,ful,helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful,-,less,homeless,helpless,careless,第16页,4.动词变形容词,-,al,traditional,international,natural,-,ed,surprised,balanced,talented,-,ing,interesting,outstanding,第17页,5.名词、形容词变动词：,-,ify,beautify,simplify,-,ize,realize,-,en,quicken,widen,sharpen,第18页,3.,转化,:,是指有一个词类转化为另一个词类。,单词转化后意义往往与之前意义联,系亲密.,water,n.,水-water,vt.,浇水,常见转化形式两种：,动词-名词,名词-动词,形容词-动词,第19页,动词-名词,stop,v.,停顿-,n.,车站,love,v.,爱 -,n.,爱,watch,v.,观看-n.,手表,look,v.,看-have a look,n.,看,walk v.散步,走-take a walk n.,散步,love v.爱-your love,n.,爱,第20页,名词-动词,hand,n.,手 -,vt.,上交,seat,n.,座位 -,vt.,坐,nurse,n.,护士 -,vt.,护理,oil,n.,油 -,vt.,上油,time,n.,时间 -,vt.,定时，测时,show,n.,展览,展示,vt.演出,演出,第21页,形容词-动词,slow(,adj.,慢)-slow(,v.,放慢),open(,adj.,开着)open(,v.,开),第22页,.,缩写和简写,缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”方法生成新词.,telephone-phone,airplaneplane,laboratory-lab,mathematics-math,advertisementad,examination-exam,第23页,另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词首字母组成.,CD(compact disk),CCTV(China Central Television),NBA(National Basketball Association),UFO(unidentified flying object),UN(United Nations),ID(identification),USA(United States of America),第24页,