探讨未来配网自动化技术的发展趋势.doc

探讨未来配网自动化技术的发展趋势
我国配电自动化的发展大致经历了三个阶段，第一个阶段是自动化阶段，它的主要原理是不同的自动化开关设备相互支持；第二个阶段是计算机阶段，它主要基于计算机大规模云计算处理相关的配网问题；第三个阶段是使用现代控制理论支持的现代自动化阶段。 Development of distribution automation in China has experienced three stages, the first stage is the stage of automation, it is the main principle of automatic switching devices of different mutual support; the second stage is the computer stage, it is mainly based on the processing of distribution problems related to computer large-scale cloud computing; the third stage is the stage of modern automation using modern control theory.　　在配网自动化的第一个阶段里，主要的思路是当系统发生故障时，通过断路器等二次继保设备之间的相互配合，快速切除故障，不需要计算机介入进行实时控制，在这一阶段里使用的设备主要是二次物理设备。但是，在这一阶段里，受电源和继保装置的影响，自动化程度非常低。在这一阶段，当在系统正常运行时，不能实时侦测系统的运行状态，仅当系统发生故障时，二次设备才能发挥作用；当系统的运行方式发生变化后，需要工作人员重新到现场进行整定计算；恢复事故区域供电时，不能自动采取最优化措施；在事故恢复阶段，需采用多次重合闸，以保证系统的正常运行，但是，这种方法对系统设备的损伤很大。目前，这些设备在我国大部分地区仍在使用。 In the first phase of the distribution automation, the main idea is when a fault occurs, the circuit breaker two times following the mutual cooperation between devices, fast fault clearing, does not require a computer in real-time control, equipment used in this phase is two times the physical device. However, at this stage, affected by the power supply and relay protection device, the degree of automation is very low. At this stage, when the normal operation of the system, running state can not be real-time detection system, only when a fault occurs, the two devices can play a role; when the operation mode changes, require staff to the scene setting calculation; restore the accident area power supply, optimization measures cannot be taken automatic; in the restoration stage, requires the use of multiple reclosing, in order to ensure the normal operation of the system, however, this method of damage to the system equipment of great. At present, these devices in most area of our country is still in use.　　基于大规模计算机云计算的配网自动化技术是发展的第二阶段，在这一阶段里，对电力通信的要求较高，主要运用了现代通信技术、计算机技术和电力电子技术，在配电网正常运行时也能监视电网运行状况，真正意义上实现了遥信、遥测、遥控、遥调功能。在故障时，能够通过监控设备及时发现非正常状态，并由调度员通过遥控远方设备，隔离故障区域和恢复健全区域供电。 Distribution automation technology of large scale computer based on cloud computing is the development of the second stage, in this stage, the electric power communication requirements higher, mainly by the use of modern communication technology, computer technology and power electronic technology, can also run status monitoring in power system under normal operation of distribution network, to achieve a real sense of teleindication, telemetering, remote control, remote adjustment function. In the event of failure, can by the monitoring equipment timely detection of abnormal state, and by the operator through the remote control equipment, isolate the fault area and restore sound regional power supply.　　具有自动控制功能的现代配电自动化阶段，是进入配电自动化发展的第三阶段，计算机技术得到更好的应用，实现了配电网自动控制功能。集成了配电网SCADA系统、配电地理信息系统、馈线自动化、变电站自动化、需求侧管理、调度员仿真调度、故障呼叫服务系统和工作管理等一体化的综合自动化系统，初步实现了馈线分段开关遥控、电容器组调节控制、用户负荷控制和远方自动抄表等功能。 Modern distribution automation automatic control function, is to enter the third stage of development of distribution automation, computer technology has a better application, realized the automatic control function of distribution network. Integrated automation system integrated with SCADA system, distribution network and distribution of geographic information system, feeder automation, substation automation, demand side management, the dispatcher simulation scheduling, fault call service system and work management, initially realized the feeder sectionalizing switch remote control, capacitor bank control, load control and remote automatic meter reading function.　　面对世界电力积极开展智能电网研究的新动向，借鉴欧美等国家和地区的先进经验和技术理论，国家电网公司结合我国国情和能源供应，用电服务的新需求，于特高压输电国际会议上正式提出了立足自主创新，建设以特高压为骨干网架，各级电网协调发展，以信息化、自动化、互动化为特征的坚强配电网的发展目标，从而拉开了我国配电网研究和建设实施的序幕。 Facing the new trend of world power to carry out the study on smart grid, from Europe and the United States and other countries and regions of the advanced technology and experience of China State Grid Corp theory, combined with China's national conditions and energy supply, the new demand of electric power service, International Conference on UHV transmission formally put forward on the basis of independent innovation, building to special high-voltage as the backbone network, coordinated development all levels of power grid, informatization, automation, interactive strong distribution network development goals as characteristic, thus beginning the implementation of China's distribution network research and construction.　　二、配网自动化技术存在的问题 There are two, distribution automation technology problems　　1.功能设计单一 1 functional design of the single　　提高供电可靠率，是配电网自动化功能设计的传统思路。但电力可靠性中心简报数据表明，现阶段影响供电可靠性的主要是例行检测时配电网停电，这一阶段停电时间远大于由于配电网故障导致的停电。不断提高配网管理水平，大大减少例行检测的停电时间和次数，是发展配电网自动化技术的一个重要方面。 To improve the reliability of power supply, is the traditional method of distribution network automation function design. But the presentation data center show that the reliability of power, influence the reliability of power supply at the present stage is the main routine detection outage, outage time this stage is far greater than the result of distribution network fault outage. Continuously improve the distribution network management level, reduce the outage time and frequency of routine testing, is an important aspect of the development of automation technology of distribution network.　　2.出现在配电网里的孤岛情况 The island of 2 appear in the distribution network.　　在现阶段，不同的电力企业里，资源的种类多，各种资源难以整合到一起。部门内部信息共享能力差，企业部门之间的信息更是难以交流，这进一步导致了配电网管理出现紊乱，分析数据局部冗余。这种现象的出现，使得系统难以经济、安全运行。 In the present stage, the different, types of resources, all kinds of resources can not be together. Department of internal information sharing ability enterprise information is more difficult to communicate, which further leads to the distribution network management disorder, partial redundancy analysis data. This phenomenon, which makes the system difficult to economic, safe operation.　　3.新设备的出现对系统影响较大 3 new equipment has great influence on the system　　在设备资产管理中缺乏整体考虑和长远考虑，盲目追求最新的设备，不注重系统整体运行情况，造成新老设备难以整合到一起，从而无法达到整体最优的效果。 The lack of consideration of the overall and long-term consideration in equipment assets management, the blind pursuit of the latest equipment, do not pay attention to the overall operation of the system, resulting in new and old equipment is difficult to integrate together, which can not achieve the optimal effect.　　4.在结构设计里不能统一设计 4 in the structure design can not be unified design　　在配电系统实际运行时，往往出现主控方与受控方的信息不相关，网络传输能力不够，一次设备过老，导致新老设备不匹配。特别是将先进的二次设备和老旧的一次设备整合到一起，造成系统无法正常运行，严重影响配网自动化功能的实现和管理的优化。 In the actual operation of distribution system, often appear the master and the information is not relevant, network transmission capacity is not enough, a device over the old, resulting in new and old equipment not matching. Especially the advanced two equipment and old once equipment together, cause the system can not run normally, seriously affect the optimization and management of distribution network automation function.　　5.管理体制中出现的弊端 5 shortcomings in the management system of　　配电自动化技术主要覆盖生产、营销两大专业，传统管理方式单纯强调垂直专业管理，液压升降机平台而没有条块结合分工协作的保证措施。同时，在功能设计过程中，还存在重系统、轻客户管理，重形式轻实效的思维定式，导致技术缺失和管理漏洞，使得配电自动化技术无法满足现代电力系统的要求。 Distribution automation technology mainly covers the production, marketing professional two, the traditional management mode emphasizes the vertical management, but not compartmentalized with assurance measures of division of labor. At the same time, the function of the design process, there are heavy, light client management system, the form of light weight results mindset, leading to technical deficiencies and loopholes in management, makes the distribution automation technology can not meet the requirements of modern power system.　　6.当前与长远的衔接问题 6 the current and long-term issues of convergence　　配电自动化技术涉及面广，投资额大，既要考虑企业未来发展需要，又要着眼于现有系统的充分利用，因此，电力企业应从技术，管理上采取措施，为配电自动化系统扩容及其功能完善做好准备。在实际生产中，应该开发和利用可扩展的管理系统模块和功能扩展性强的先进设备；而在管理过程中，更要摈弃传统的只注重当前利益而忽视长远利益的做法，应提倡资产全寿命周期管理的理念，解决当前和长远利益权衡问题。 Distribution automation technology involves a wide range, large amount of investment, it is necessary to consider the future development needs of the enterprise, make full use of, and focusing on the existing system therefore, electric power enterprises from technology, management measures, prepares for the expansion and the functions of distribution automation system. In actual production, should be the development and utilization of system module and function management scalable advanced equipment and strong; and in the management process, to abandon the traditional focus only on immediate interests while ignoring the long-term interests, should be to promote the management of asset life cycle theory, solve the immediate and long-term interests weighing.　　三、配网自动化技术未来的发展趋势 Three, the future development trend of distribution automation technology　　随着科技的发展，配电网自动化展现出配电系统的智能化、羟丙基甲基纤维素自动化，信息化和互动化的新特征。配电自动化技术的未来发展趋势体现在以下七个方面。 With the development of science and technology, the automation of distribution network show the intelligent, automatic power distribution system, the new characteristics of information and interaction of the. The future development trend of distribution automation technology is embodied in the following seven aspects.　　1.配网自动化的综合型受控端 Integrated 1 Distribution Automation controlled end　　新型综合受控端基于高速SCADA系统，可以实现电网信息的快速采集和信号的综合处理，并且大大减少了受控端的数量，从而使系统的规模得到简化。这种受控端不仅具有以往终端所具有的功能，还可以实时监测系统的潮流分布、电压情况、系统是否产生震荡、频率是否满足要求等，将这些信息传递给主控方，供进一步分析使用。同时，这些受控端之间还可以进行相互通信，进一步提高数据的精确程度。 A new integrated control end of high speed SCADA system based on the integrated treatment, fast acquisition and signal can realize the network information, and greatly reduced the number of controlled end, so that the scale of the system is simplified. The controlled end not only has the function of terminal, can be real-time monitoring system of power flow distribution, voltage, frequency, whether the system meets the requirements of, pass the information to the master, for further analysis of the use of. At the same time, communicate with each other but also between these controlled terminal, further improve the accurate degree of data.2.配电线路载波通信技术和基于因特网的IP通信技术 2 distribution line carrier communication technology and IP communication technology based on Internet　　通信系统一直是配电网自动化的难点之一。在10kV及以下的配电系统里，由于受控端数目多，对通信的要求也显着提高。因此，如果要实现系统潮流实时监测、频率控制等需求，稳定的大容量的高速载波通信系统是必备的。该系统不仅可以满足上述需求，还可以为客户提供更多的生活服务，如电力线上网等。另外，光纤通信具有容量大、可靠性高、传输速率高等优点，已成为主流通信系统的首选。随着成本的降低，采用光纤通信作为配电系统自动化的主干通信网已得到普遍共识。随着通信技术的进步，基于城市光纤网的IP通信技术充分利用了光纤通信技术抗干扰能力强、误码率低、传递快速和IP通信方式的通用兼容性接口等优越性，可望成为智能配电网自动化系统的前沿通信技术。 Communication system is always one of the difficulties of distribution network automation. In the following 10kV and distribution systems, due to the controlled end number, the communication requirements are also significantly improved. Therefore, if we want to realize real-time monitoring, system load frequency control demand, high-speed carrier communication system with large capacity and stable is necessary. The system can not only meet the above requirements, can also provide more service for customers, such as power line etc.. In addition, optical fiber communication has a large capacity, high reliability, high transfer rate, has become a mainstream communication system preferred. With lower costs, using optical fiber communication as the backbone communication network for distribution system automation has been a general consensus. With the progress of communication technology, the universal interface compatibility and advantages of IP communication technology city of optical fiber network based on the full use of the optical fiber communication technology, strong anti-interference ability, low error rate, fast delivery and IP communication mode, is expected to become the automation system of intelligent distribution network of communication technology.　　3.定制电力技术 3 Custom Power Technology　　定制电力技术是柔性配电系统的实际应用，它将智能电网技术、柔性送电技术、云计算技术等高科技技术用于中低压配电网，用以消除谐波，防止电压闪变，保证各相对称，提高供电可靠性和经济性。主要由电压稳定器、快速无功补偿器、频率检测器、高速断路器等设备组成。当系统出现突然增大负荷或者瞬间丢失大负荷时，该技术可以瞬间发现系统的变化，并满足极限情况下系统的稳定，该技术应用于配网自动化中，可以实现系统实时优化，满足高层次用户的需求。 Custom power technology is the practical application of flexible distribution system, it will be smart grid technologies, flexible transmission technology, cloud computing technology and other high-tech technology used in low voltage distribution network, in order to prevent eliminate harmonics, voltage flicker, ensure that all phase symmetric, improving power supply reliability and economy. Is mainly composed of voltage stabilizer, fast idle compensator, frequency detector, high speed circuit breaker and other equipment. When the system appears suddenly increasing load or moment lost the heavy load, the technique can instantly find changes in the system, and meet the limit of the stability of the system, the application of this technology to distribution network automation, can realize the real-time optimization system, to meet the high level user requirements.　　4.新型FA系统 4 novel FA system　　新型的FA系统主要的思路是实现分布式电源，即根据不同的负荷就地提供合适的电源，减小线路传输的损耗，提高能量利用率。根据国家电网制订的未来发展方案，未来我国将把输配电系统分离，并在用户端设立电网提供者的信息，用户可以根据实时电价选择供电方。新型FA系统应用于配网自动化中也存在许多困难，主要有：分布式电源位置不确定，配网的运行方式多变，从而导致二次设备难以满足要求。 The main idea of the FA system model is the realization of distributed power supply, according to the different load in situ to provide proper power, reducing loss in transmission, improve energy utilization rate. According to the national grid for future development plan, the future China will put the transmission and distribution system, separation, and the establishment of the grid provider information in a user terminal, the user can according to the real-time pricing of electricity supplier. Application of FA system in the distribution network automation also exist many difficulties, mainly include: distributed power position uncertainty, operation mode of distribution and changeable, which leads to the two device is difficult to meet the demand of.　　5.配电系统的集中化管理 Centralized management of the 5 distribution system　　在以往的配网系统中，用户是分散的，系统被迫分离为多岛，多岛之间功能相似，但系统难以交流，通道不可共享。集中化管理的配电系统，可以利用先进的通信网络将配电网控制中心与系统多岛连接在一起。比如，将SCADA系统与配网控制中心通过接口连接起来，形成一个多级系统。实现该系统的应用，最好的方法是最大限度利用用户原有的软硬件资源，保护用户的投资，实现实用化管理和多厂家产品共享的原则。 In distribution systems in the past, the user is scattered, system forced separation for island, functional similarity between multiple Island, but difficult to exchange, can not be shared channel. The distribution system with centralized management, can use the advanced communication network distribution network control center system with multi Island connected together. For example, the SCADA system and distribution network control center is connected through the interface, the formation of a multi-level system. Application of the system, the best way is to maximize the use of the original user software and hardware resources, protect the user's investment, realize the practical management and multiple products share principle.　　6.优化的系统配电网运行 System of distribution netw