初三英语Unit 5 Topic 1 Section C and D湘教版.doc

初三英语Unit 5 Topic 1 Section C and D湘教版

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 5: Learning about China.
Topic 1: Could you tell me something about the places that you visited?
Section C and D

二. 重点、难点：
（一）单词：
oriental 东方的，亚洲的 pearl 珍珠 Oriental Pearl 东方之珠
peak 山巅，顶峰 Victoria Peak 太平山顶
gambling 赌博 gambling house 赌场
ruin （复）废墟，遗迹 毁坏，毁灭 Ruins of St. Paul 大三巴牌坊
island 岛屿
various 各种各样的
latest 最近的，最新的，最晚的
bar 酒吧，（卖东西的）柜台
PC＝personal computer 个人计算机
license 执照，许可证
giraffe 长颈鹿neck 脖子，颈项rather 相当，颇，宁可
below 在……下面
freeze 结冰
thick 厚的，浓的
mild 温暖的，暖和的（天气，尤指冬天），性情温和的
sunshine 阳光
flour 面粉，粉
plain 平原
词组: be known as 作为……而著称 think of 想起，考虑，认为
break down 损坏，分解，抛锚 take away 拿走

（二）句子：
1. If you have a chance to go there, you should visit Disneyland, Ocean Park and Victoria Peak.
2. When you hear the name Macao, you may think of its gambling houses.

（三）语法知识：
定语从句：
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
（1）when, where, why
　 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋ which”结构交替使用，例如：There are occasions when（on which）one must yield（屈服,投降,弯下去）. 　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　 Beijing is the place where（in whichI was born. 　北京是我的出生地。
　 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
（2）that代替关系副词
　 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词＋ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
　 His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
　 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
　 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
　 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
　 I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
　 判断改错
　 （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
　 （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
　 （对）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.
　 （对）I’ll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.
　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
　 A. where B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
　 A. where　 B. that C. on which　 D. the one
答案：例1 D，　在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既作了主句的表语，又可作从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。变为肯定句：This museum is the one you visited a few days ago.
例2 A　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词in ＋ which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用得不对，所以选A。变为肯定句：This is the museum where the exhibition was held.
　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。
限制性和非限制性定语从句
（1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
　　This is the house which we bought last month. 　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
（2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
　　Charles Smith, who was my former（以前的，从前的）teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 　我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
（3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词＋关系词
（1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
（2）that前不能有介词。
（3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词＋关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。This is the house in which I lived two years ago. ＝This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?＝Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

【典型例题】
例1. – Barbara, where do you work?- I work for a company _____ sells cars.
A. who B. what C. which D. where

例2. I keep an English diary ____ it helps me improve my writing skill.
A. how B. when C because D. if
Keys: 1. C 2. C

【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
1. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what
C. through that; what D. what; that
2. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
3. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
4. I have bought two ball pens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them
C. neither of which D. none of which
5. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been
6. I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
7. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
8. The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D. /
9. This is the reason ______he didn’t come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
10. This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
11. The reason ______he didn’t come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what
12. He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A. that B. which C. for which D. who
13. That is not the way ______I do it.
A. / B. which C. for which D. with which
14. I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
15. I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
16. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
17. This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A that B. which C. from that D. from which
18. He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
19. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
20. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
21. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
22. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
23. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
24. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
25. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it

试题答案
1. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole，在定语从句中作状语。what引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
2. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some German friends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
3. A.
4. C. 因为是two ball pens，并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
5. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all，为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
6. C. 当先行词被such修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. as在本从句中作主语.
7. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词，但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语，因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语，因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
8. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in（或其他介词）＋which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
9. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语，可用why 来替代.
10. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
11. A. The reason why… was that…. 已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
12. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导，which表示前句话的整个含义.
13. A. 14. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A. 从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
15. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词，引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
16. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导，which表示前句话的整个含义.
17. D 18. D
19. A. he makes是定语从句，从句前省略了关系代词that.
20. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
21. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句. 先行词是all，所以关系代词只能用that.
22. D. years是表示时间的名词，用when引导定语从句，是因为when在从句中作时间状语. 第二个空选用which，引导一个非限制性定语从句.
23. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people，因此，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“……的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
24. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
25. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。