九年级英语Unit 6 The Spirit of Sports北师大版.doc

Unit 6 The Spirit of Sports
一、学习目标
    1．语言能力：通过本单元的学习，我们要学会如何描述发生在过去的运动事件；学会谈论有关运动和奥运会的话题；学会表达过去将要发生的事情；学会提出建议；学会表达表扬和鼓励的方式。
    2．语言技能：
    能听懂有关运动员运动生涯的描述；
    能听懂有关具体某项运动的描述；
    能够听懂有关建议的表达；
    能口头描述和谈论有关运动的各种内容；
    能口头表达建议、表达表扬和鼓励；
    能阅读描述有关运动员运动生涯、有关具体某个运动项目、有关奥运会的短文或对话；
    能写出表达有关描述过去运动事件的句子；
    能写出描述某次运动会的文段；
    能写出表达建议的句子；
    能写出简单的某位运动员的传记。
    重点掌握下列表达方式：
    China had never won so many medals before.
    She won the silver medal though she had been in the first place for most of the final round.
    By 2004, he had already attended three Olympic Games.
    China's history of basketball is almost as long as America's.
    Basketball is one of the sports played by Chinese school children all over the country.
    China is the second oldest basketball—playing country.
    I think that Michael Jordan is the most famous NBA player in China.
    Could you tell me if he is going to see the NBA game?
    They didn't think he would complete the run.
    He said he was going to take part in the 5-kilometer run.
    I didn't know if they were going to come.
    Do you think doing regular exercise is important?
    Let's all help to make the Beijing Olympics a great success!
    Shall we find out how to volunteer?
    Both men and women compete in artistic gymnastics.
    It wasn't my fault. Don't be angry with me.
    Linda is good at drawing.
    3．文化意识：了解中国体育的情况，培养爱国情感；了解有关奥运的历史、现状与未来，为北京2008奥运会做好准备，力争成为志愿者；了解竞技运动除了竞赛之外的人文内涵；了解体育的精神是坚持不懈、拼搏不息、为国争光和帮助他人。
二、教学内容
    1．语法
    A．句型
    China's history of basketball is almost as long as America's.
    Basketball is one of the sports played by Chinese school children all over the country.
    China is the second oldest basketball-playing country.
    Let's all help to make the Beijing Olympics a great success!
    Shall we find out how to volunteer?
    Both men and women compete in artistic gymnastics.
    B．语法
    宾语从句
    I think that Michael Jordan is the most famous NBA player in China.
    Could you tell me if he is going to see the NBA game?
    Do you know whose T-shirt this is?
    Do you think doing regular exercise is important?
    过去完成时
    China had never won so many medals before.
    She won the silver medal though she had been in the first place for most of the final round.
    By 2004, he had already attended three Olympic Games.
    They had predicted that the team would win many medals in Athens.
    过去将来时
    They didn't think he would complete the run.
    I didn't know if they were going to come.
    He said he was going to take part in the 5-kilometer run.
    She said that she would attend the meeting.
    C．词法
    be + adj. + prep. 结构
    It wasn't my fault. Don't be angry with me.
    Linda is good at drawing.
    Jackie Chan is famous for his action movies.
    Are you afraid of spiders?
    2．功能用语
    Let's tell everyone about the Games.
    Let's make the city more beautiful.
    Shall we volunteer to help our local organizing committee?
    Why don't we look on the Internet for more information about the Olympics?
    Good job!
    Well done!
    Go for it!
    You did well!
    Keep going!
    Good for you!
三、词汇教学
    1．set a record创造记录
    He had set a new Olympic record.
    他创造了一项新的奥运会记录。
    The Americans set a new world record in the sprint relay.
    美国人创造了新的世界短跑接力赛记录。
    2．similar to相像的；相似的
    My new dress is similar to the one you have.
    我的新衣服和你的那件相似。
    Her ideas are quite similar to mine.
    她的想法和我的非常相似。
    3．come from behind追上……
    Du Li was able to come from behind to beat her and win the gold medal.
    杜莉能够追上，超过她并获得金牌。
    In the relay race，the last student of Class Two came from behind to win the match.
    在接力赛中，二班的最后一名同学后来居上，赢得了比赛。
    4．in good health身体好
    He was 44 years old and he was not in good health.
    他44岁了并且身体不太好。
    Although he is in his sixties, he is in good health.
    尽管他已经六十几岁了，他身体很好。
    5．start doing开始做某事
    She started writing advice for newspaper readers at the age of ten.
    她在十岁时就开始为报纸的读者提供咨询意见。
    He started playing table tennis at the age of six.
    他六岁就开始打乒乓球。
    6．by the end of到……末
    By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory.
    到战争结束时，这个作坊已经变成一间大工厂了。
    By the end of 2004, he had already won three gold medals at the Olympic Games.
    到2004年底，他已经获得了三块奥运会金牌。
    7．by the year 2000到2000年为止
    They had been to Korea twice by the year 2000.
    到2000年为止，他们已经去过两次韩国了。
    By the year 2000, my family had seen films quite a few times.
    到2000年为止，我们家已经看了很多次电影了。
    8．at different levels不同的级别，不同水平
    There are many matches at different levels every year.
    每年都有很多不同级别的比赛。
    Students at different levels may have different problems with English learning.
    不同水平的学生在英语学习上可能有不同的问题。
    9．keep doing继续做某事
    I kept thinking about Joe, all alone in that place.
    独自一人在那个地方，我一直在想念乔伊。
    I keep telling you but you won't listen.
    我一直在跟你讲，但是你不听。
    10．catch up with赶上
    He didn't expect to catch up with the other students.
    他并不期望能赶上其他同学。
    Bill caught up with John on the second lap.
    比尔在第二圈时赶上了约翰。
    11．it takes…to do…花了某人……(时间)做某事
    It took him hours to finish the 5-kilometer run.
    他用好几个小时跑完5公里。
    It will take you half air hour to walk there.
    你走到那儿需要半个小时。
    12．1eave behind超过；留下
    The other students soon left Joe behind.
    其他的同学很快就超过了乔伊。
    Wait a moment, please. Don' t leave me behind.
    请稍等一会儿，不要把我落下。
    13．see sb. doing看见某人(正在)做某事
    When I was on my way to schoo1. I saw Mary walking in the street.
    在上学的路上，我看见玛丽在街上走。
    The young man was seen running into the building.
    (有人)看见那个年轻人跑进了大楼。
    14．keep you healthy保持健康
    Doing morning exercises every day will keep you healthy.
    每天做早操会使你保持健康。
    To keep you healthy, you have to eat less junk food and drink more water.
    要保持健康，你得少吃垃圾食品多喝水。
    15．be based on基于……
    Scores are based on the difficulty of the routine and performance of the gymnast.
    (体操)比赛的得分基于规定动作的难度和体操运动员的表现力。
    Harry Porter is a film based on a best-selling novel.
    哈里·波特是一部根据畅销小说拍的影片。
    16．Combine…and…联合……；结合……
    Good carpet wool needs to combine softness and strength.
    好的羊毛地毯既柔软又耐磨。
    Rhythmic gymnastics combines gymnastics and dance.
    韵律体操把体操与舞蹈两者结合起来。
四、部分知识讲解和课外知识阅读
    1．Clyde Drexler 德雷·克斯勒前NBA球员，常被人们称为“滑翔机”。他曾效力于开拓者队。1995年加入火箭队。他曾于2000年在主教练里克·巴里（Rick Barry）的带领下来到中国。当时来到中国的队员还有巴克·威廉姆斯（Buck Williams）和罗兰多·布莱克曼（Rolando Blackman）。
    2．获得2004年雅典奥运会男子10米气手枪亚军的是俄罗斯运动员Mikhail Nestruev内斯特鲁耶夫(1968. 10. 28～)。他是目前俄罗斯最优秀的射击运动员之一
    3．They had predicted that the shooting team would win a few medals in the shooting events. 他们已经预料到射击队会在射击比赛中获得一些奖牌。
    event常用来指体育赛事。如：
    The next event will be the 100-meter race. 下一个比赛项目是100米赛跑。
    Which event have you entered for? 你报名参加哪一项比赛?
    4．His success proved his ability. 他的成功证实了他的能力。
    prove证明，证实。如：
    He proved his braveness in the battle. 他在战斗中证实了自己的勇敢。
    The lawyer proved his innocence. 律师证实了他的清白。
    I will prove to the world that he was right. 我会向全世界证明他是对的。
    They will prove to you that I am not lying. 他们会向你证明我没有说谎。
    5．A few people laughed and I think Joe felt embarrassed. 有几个人窃笑，我觉得乔依有些不自在。
    feel在这里是一个系动词，后面跟形容词。又如：
    No matter which you choose, you will feel satisfied. 无论你选择哪个，你都会感到满意的。
    He is having a fever. He must feel terrible now. 他正在发烧，他一定非常难受。
    Whenever I see you, I feel nervous. 我一见到你就紧张。
    However fast you drive, I always feel safe with you. 无论你的车开多快，和你在一起我总是觉得很安全。
    6．The next day, as 1 was cycling to school, 1 saw Joe walking in the street. 第二天，我骑车上学时看到乔依在街上走。
    as用于引导状语从句，表示“一边……一边”；有时也表示在某事发生的过程中，另一事发生。如：
    Grandmother sings as she works. 祖母一边工作一边唱歌。
    The bird sings merrily as it flies higher. 小鸟一边唱着，一边越飞越高。
    As he became richer，he had fewer friends. 他越富有，朋友就越少。
    Her hair was golden when she was a child, but it went darker as she grew up. 她小时候头发是金黄色的，但随着她的长大头发变得越来越黑。
    7．On the day of the run, Joe lined up with the other students. 长跑的那天，乔依排在了学生的队伍中。
    line up排成一行，排队。如：
    Everybody lined, facing the front. 人们排成一行面向前方。
    People lined up in front of the theater. 人们在剧院门前排起了队。
    He lined up behind the others to wait for his turn. 他排在别人后面，等待自己的机会。
    The teacher lined up the boys on the playground. 老师在操场上让男孩子们排成一行。
    8．No one will blame you for coming in late. 没有人会埋怨你迟到了。
    blame埋怨，怪罪。如：
    I don't blame you. I blame myself. 我没有怨你，我怨我自己。
    Bad workmen often blame their tools. 蹩脚工人总埋怨工具差。
    I am blamed for something I didn't do. 我没做错却受到了责怪。
    1 will not have you blame it on me. 我不能让你把这事赖在我身上。
    9．IOC(International Olympics Committee)国际奥林匹克委员会，世界上最有影响的国际体育组织。总部设在瑞士洛桑。1894年6月，由法国人顾拜旦发起，在巴黎成立了国际奥林匹克委员会。国际奥委会管辖奥林匹克运动。奥林匹克运动的宗旨是：在奥林匹克理想指导下，鼓励组织和发展体育运动、体育竞赛；促进和加强各国运动员之间的友谊。现任国际奥委会主席是比利时人罗格。
    10．第一届奥林匹克运动会于公元前776年在希腊奥林匹亚举办。这次运动会中只有希腊的男运动员。女性甚至不能观看比赛。前十三届奥林匹克运动会只有一个竞赛项目——赛跑。但是，后来逐渐增加了新项目。古代的奥林匹克运动会到公元393年结束。第一届现代奥林匹克运动会于1 994年在希腊雅典举办。这个运动会是为了增进国家间的理解，促进友好关系而举办的。第一届冬奥会1994年在挪威的利勒哈默尔举办。现在，冬季和夏季奥运会每四年举办一次，主办城市遍布于世界各地。
    (The first ancient Olympic Games took place in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece. The Games were only for Greek men. women could net even watch them. The first thirteen Olympics consisted of only one event—running—but slow1y more events were added. The Ancient Olympic Games came to an end in 393 AD. The first modern O1ympic Games were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. They were held to promote understanding and friendship among nations. In 1994，the first Winter Olympic Games were held in Lillehammer, Norway. Today, the Olympic Games, both Summer and Winter, are held every four years and are hosted by cities around the world. )
    11．Beijing's streets were crowed with thousands of people celebrating the city's success. 北京的街道上站满了成千上万的人，大家一起庆祝这个城市的成功。
    be crowded with挤满。如：
    The hall was crowded with people, who want to have a look at the great scientist. 大厅里挤满了想一睹科学家风采的人们。
    The trains were ail crowded with people. 火车上都挤满了人。
    The street was crowded on the rush hour, so Judy had to drive slowly. 街道在上下班时段很拥挤，朱迪只好慢慢地开车。
    12．In contrast, surveys in Paris and in Toronto showed only about two thirds of the people supported the idea of having the Olympic Games in their city. 有着强烈对比的是，在巴黎和多伦多的调查表明，只有2／3的人支持在他们城市里举办奥运会。
    in contract (with)比较起来。如：
    His white hair is in sharp contrast with his dark skin. 他的白发与深色皮肤形成鲜明对比。
    In contrast with our old house, the new one is a palace. 与我们的旧房相比，新房简直是宫殿。
    13．First of all, Olympic gymnastics were divided into two types, artistic and rhythmic. 首先，奥运体操比赛分为两种：竞技体操和韵律体操。
    be divided into被分为。如：
    We were divided into two teams. 我们被分为两队。
    Students were divided into four groups according to their opinions. 学生们按他们的意见被分为四组。
    国际体操比赛分为两种：竞技体操（artistic gymnastics）和韵律体操（rhythmic gymnastics）。现在许多国家已经将竞技体操改称为艺术体操。竞技体操中男子有六个竞技项目（自由体操、鞍马、吊环、跳马、双杠和单杠），女子有四个竞技项目（横跳马、高低杠、平衡木和自由体操），各有个人单项赛和团体赛。韵律体操在我国旧称为艺术体操，只有女运动员参加。比赛时，运动员徒手或持轻器械在音乐伴奏下进行有节奏地运动。
    14．Individuals and teams perform a routine according to music with different objects, like a ball or a rope. 参赛个人和团队随音乐设计出一套动作，使用不同物体，如球或绳索等进行表演。
    routine惯例，常规，一套动作（舞步）。如：
    She wanted to get away from the same old routine. 她想逃避开这些老一套的常规。
    Going to the bank was part of the routine of his work. 去银行是他工作的一部分。
    Getting up early and sweeping the yard is his daily routine. 早起扫院子是他的每日常规。
    15．Zhu Jianhua朱建华，中国优秀的男子跳高运动员。他曾在一年时间里令人难以置信地三次打破跳高世界纪录，他的成绩最后达到2.39米。1984年洛杉矶奥运会，朱建华夺得跳高铜牌。
五、语法详解
    （一）宾语从句的用法.
    1．陈述句变为宾语从句时，宾语从句的引导词用“that”引导。从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。如果主句时态用过去时，则从句一般也要用过去的相关时态。如：
    ①He knew that he was (不用is) wrong. 他知道他错了。
    ②My father said in the letter that he would (不用will) come to see me. 我父亲在信中说他将来看我。
    ③He told me what he had seen (不用has seen). 他告诉了他所看到的东西。
    注意：主句是客观真理时不变 如：
    She told us that the sun rises in the east. 她告诉我们太阳从东方升起。
    2．一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，先用引导词if或whether连接，后面接陈述句语序，也要注意人称和时态变化。
    ①Could you tell me if (whether) she made up her mind to eat the fruit at last?
    你能告诉我最后她是否下决心吃水果了？
    ②Lily wanted to know if her grandma liked the handbag.
    莉莉想知道她祖母是否喜欢提包。
    3．特殊疑问句变宾语时，用特殊疑问词引导，后面接陈述句语序。
    ①I want to know where your sister works. 我想知道你姐姐在哪工作。
    ②I asked him where the tickets were. 我问他票在哪儿。
    ③
    ④
    ⑤
    （二）过去完成时
    1．概念
    过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。它是由助动词had+动词的过去分词构成。
    2．过去完成时的用法
    ①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。常用by，before等介词短语或一个状语从句来表示。
    Li Ming had learned some English before he came here. 李明来此之前学过一些英语。
    By the end of last month, they had finished ten lessons. 到上月末他们就已经学了十课了。
    ②表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for, since等构成的短语、从句连用。
    It rained yesterday after it had been dry for some months. 干旱了几个月这后，昨天下了雨。
    3．常见的过去完成时用法
    ①过去完成时（动作在前）+before, when ,by the time+一般过去时（动作在后）
    The class had begun before I got to school. 在我到校之前就开始上课了。
    When I arrived home, Tom had just left. 我到家时汤姆刚刚离开。
    Most of the students had finished their homework by the time the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师走进教室时大多数学生都已经完成了作业。
    ②一般过去时（动作在后）+after, until+过去完成时（动作在前）
    After he had finished the work, he left the factory. 他完成工作后离开了工厂。
    He didn't go home until he had planted all the trees. 直到把所有树都栽完了，他才回家。
    4．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
    过去完成时是一种相对的时态，表示的时间是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用。一般过去时表示的动作是过去发生的，与现在没有关系。
    He had finished his lesson when I got to his school. 我到他的学校时，他已经上完课了。（过去的过去）
    （三）过去将来时
    （1）过去将来时的含义
    过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。例如：
    I didn't know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。
    They never knew that population would become a big problem.
    他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
    She didn't tell me where she would go. 她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。

    Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。
    （2）过去将来时的表达法
    ①“would+动词原形”。常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如
    He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。
    He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。
    ②“was/ were+ going to+动词原形”。常可用来表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
    She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。
    I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。
    此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事。例如：
    It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。
    ③come, go, leave, arrive, start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时。例如：
    He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
    She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。
    ④条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：
    I didn't know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
    The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard. 老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
六、练习
Ⅰ、宾语从句专项练习
    1．—Did you ask your pen pal _____?
    —Yes, he will visit Taiyuan after the exam.
    A. what he will do    B. when he would come    C. how he would get here
    2．—What did that man ask you, Mary?
    —He asked me ______.