桥梁施工中软土地基施工技术的应用研究中英文翻译.doc

桥梁施工中软土地基施工技术的应用研究中英文翻译
Bridge construction of soft soil foundation construction technology application research on Chinese and English translation
关键词：软土地基，施工技术，桥梁
Key words: soft soil foundation, construction techniques, and Bridges
摘要：桥梁是一个国家通往成功之路的重要标志性建筑物。目前，我国在桥梁的建筑施工方面还存在着一定的问题。我国的桥梁施工人员在桥梁施工当中遇到的主要问题为怎样在软土地基上进行桥梁的施工。软土地基主要以压缩低量较高软弱土层和强度较低的两种软弱土层相组成的，所以要在这种软土地基上面架设桥梁，对于桥梁施工人员来说是一个较为严重的问题。
Abstract: the bridge is a national important landmark building of the road to success. At present, our country the construction of the bridge construction still exist some problems. Bridge construction personnel in the middle of the bridge construction in our country the main problems is how to bridge construction in soft soil foundation. Mainly soft soil foundation with low levels of high compression strength of soft soil layer and the lower phase composition of two weak soil, so be on the soft soil foundation, build a bridge for bridge construction personnel is a relatively serious problem.
我国在现代桥梁建设当中，面对软土地基方面的问题会经常遇到。桥梁施工当中，软土地基对桥梁施工作业有着较大的影响，在这方面上一定要特别注意桥梁桩基础的施工过程，对其采取有效的技术处理，如果在这方面没有处理好，那会影响到整个桥梁施工的成本、进度、安全和质量问题的存在。在进行桥梁施工之前，施工者要对软土地基有着一定的认识与了解，然后采取合理、有效、科学方面的技术措施，这样做得目的可以保证桥梁的安全稳定性和质量性。以下是对软土地基施工的技术在桥梁施工中的应用、措施、和问题方面的分析：
Among the modern bridge construction in our country, facing the problems often encountered in soft soil. Bridge construction, soft soil has important effects on the construction of the bridge, the graces must pay special attention to the construction process of the bridge pile foundation, to take effective technical processing, if there is no handle in this respect, it will affect the whole bridge construction cost, schedule, safety and quality issues. Before the bridge construction, the builders want to have a certain understanding on soft soil foundation and understanding, and then take reasonable, effective and scientific aspects of the technical measures, such doing can ensure the safety of the bridge stability and quality. Below is the construction of soft soil foundation of technology application in the bridge construction, measures, and the analysis of the problems:
一、在软土地基施工当中应该注意的问题
One, the problems should be noticed in the construction of soft soil foundation
随着我国社会经济快速发展的步伐，我国在桥梁方面的需求日益增多。因为大多数地区有软土基地的存在而影响了施工工程的进度，所以在进行桥梁工程建筑的时，一定要对桥梁建筑区域的工程地质进行勘测。让所有的施工人员对桥梁工程的工程地质有全面的了解，从而制定科学并且合理的桥梁施工技术方案。在桥梁桩基础的施工中。施工技术人员必须要对软土地基的柔软度、稳定、变形等进行科学合理的计算过程。这样可以避免和减少桥梁桩基础在施工当中开裂、倾斜、位移、失稳和沉降等造成的安全、质量问题。
As the pace of our social economy rapid development, the growing demand for Bridges in our country. Because most areas have the existence of the soft soil base and affected the construction progress, so in the bridge engineering construction, must be done to bridge construction area engineering geology reconnaissance. All construction personnel have comprehensive knowledge of bridge project of engineering geology, so as to formulate scientific and reasonable bridge construction technology scheme. During the construction of bridge pile foundation. Construction technical personnel must be on the flexibility, stability and deformation of soft soil foundation, such as scientific and reasonable calculation process. So that you can avoid and reduce the crack of bridge pile foundation in the construction, inclination and displacement, instability and sedimentation caused by the safety and quality issues.
二、软土地基施工技术在桥梁施工的措施
Second, the construction technology of soft soil foundation in bridge construction measures
在软土地基区域建设桥梁工程的时候，因为桩基础方面的埋置比较深，所以当软土地基被深入穿过时，可能会导致软土地基出现沉降方面的现象，尤其要在桥头和路堤的连接处注意桩基础沉降的问题。当发现桩基础出现沉降问题时，一定要及时采取相应有效的技术措施，如果不能对其及时采取相应的技术措施，会对桥梁工程的安全性、抗震性、稳定性产生重要的影响。进行软土地基施工时，机械设备的选择尤为重要，选择机械设备时一定要注意机械设备的安全性、经济性、实用性。当开始对软土地基进行处理的时候，一定要提前对地质方面进行实地考察之后才可以进行处理。
Bridge engineering in soft soil area construction, because of the pile foundation embedment of more deep, so when thoroughly through the soft soil foundation, it could lead to the settlement of soft soil foundation in aspects of the phenomenon, especially must pay attention to in the joint of the bridge and embankment settlement of pile foundation. When found the pile foundation subsidence problems, must adopt corresponding effective technical measures in time, if not for the corresponding technical measures are taken in time, for the safety of the bridge engineering, earthquake resistance and stability have a major impact. For soft soil foundation construction, machinery and equipment choice is particularly important when selecting equipment must pay attention to the safety of the machinery and equipment, economy and practicability. When you start to deal with soft soil foundation, must advance after on-the-spot investigation on geological aspects can be processed.
三、软土地基施工技术在桥梁施工中的应用
Three, the construction technology of soft soil foundation is applied in bridge construction
本文对某项桥梁工程选取为列，对软土地基施工技术在桥梁施工中的应用进行了简要分析。桥梁长度为4千米，共有576根桩基础，桩基础最深的深处为70米，最浅为45米。在进行桥梁工程前，相关技术人员根据地质资料和探测结果对其判定，桥梁施工区域大部分土地为软土地基，而桥梁区域的软土主要是由风化岩石层、中细砂土层、软弱土层和粘性土层组成的。
Selected in this paper, a bridge project as the column, the construction technology of soft soil foundation application in bridge construction are analyzed in brief. Length is 4 km bridge, a total of 576 root pile foundation, pile foundation, the deepest depths of 70 meters, the most shallow to 45 meters. Before in bridge engineering, related technical personnel according to the geological data and detecting result to the judge, bridge construction area most of the land for the soft soil foundation, and the bridge in the area of soft soil mainly consist of weathering layers, composed of fine sand soil, soft soil and cohesive soil.
1、软土地基施工中的钻机选择
1, the drilling machine selection in soft soil foundation construction
钻机的种类可分为：冲击钻机、旋转钻机、长螺旋干挖钻机、非开挖钻机、深层搅拌钻机、粉喷钻机，在选择钻机的时候可以根据施工技术人员的施工经验和工程地质的勘测结果进行选择。一般施工技术人员会在上部土层使用旋转钻机进行施工钻探，而对下部的土层会使用冲击钻进行施工。旋转钻机的使用分析有三点：第一，旋转钻机的机能是放在自行移动履带式安装地盘上的，可以让跟桩之间的移动进行的比较简单、快速，整个过程只需要简短的几分钟就可以完成，这一点在施工工期上节约了比较多的时间。第二，因旋转钻机的地盘可以伸缩和自动调整，所以关于钻机的深度问题、塔的垂直问题都可以通过操作面板的显示进行操作。第三，旋转钻机形成钻孔和钻进的速度时间会比较短，旋转钻机可以根据土层的结构来选择合适的钻头进行施工。冲击钻的使用分析：在旋转钻机对石层、土层的分界完成时，要把旋转钻机及时移动到下一个桩位，再对冲击钻进行配合，到达指定位置。因在施工过程中会遇到风华岩石层，其风华岩石层的坚硬度比较大，而旋转钻机的冲击力不如冲击钻的冲击速度，所以旋转钻机要和冲击钻进行配合，冲击钻可以加快施工的速度。
Drill types can be divided into: the impact drill, rotary drilling rig, long spiral dry drill, trenchless drill, deep mixing drilling machine, powder spray drill, in choosing a drilling machine can according to the construction technology of construction experience and engineering geological survey results. General construction technical personnel will be in the upper soil layer using rotary drilling rig for construction, and construction on the lower soil layer will use percussion drill. Rotary drilling rig USES analysis of three things: first, the function of the rotary drilling rig is put to mobile crawler turf installation, can make between the pile and the simple comparison of the mobile, fast, the entire process takes only a short few minutes to complete, it saves more time on construction period. Second, because of rotary drilling rig site to scale and automatic adjustment, so the questions about the depth of the drill, vertical problem of the tower can be operated by the display of the operation panel. Third, rotary drilling rig formation drilling and drilling speed time is short, rotary drilling rig can be according to the structure of the soil to select suitable drill bit for the construction. The use of percussion drill analysis: in rotary drilling rig of rock layer and soil layer boundary is complete, the rotary drilling rig move to the next pile location in time, cooperate with percussion drill, to arrive at the specified location. Because in construction process will encounter elegance rock, its elegance and rock stiffness is bigger, and the impact of the rotary drilling rig as impact velocity of impact drill, rotary drilling rig so should cooperate with percussion drill, impact drill can accelerate the speed of construction.
2、对桥梁施工现场的施工场地进行平整
2, the construction site of the bridge construction site for flat and level
因为施工现场是在软土地基进行的施工，所以为了保证施工的质量和效率，要对施工场地进行平整。因为软土地基的承载能力有限，而安装在软土地基上面的钻机因为机械的重量问题，可能会让软土地基出现下沉现象，从而造成钻机的偏移和钻桩位偏移。在施工现场平整当中，要对软土基地的实质情况进行施工现场平整，施工人员要对施工区域的杂草进行清除，然后再用小于或等于60cm的碎石头进行压实工作，来保证钻机底座的状态处于平稳。
Because the construction site is in the soft soil foundation construction, so in order to ensure construction quality and efficiency, to the construction site to level off. Because of the limited bearing capacity of soft soil foundation, installed in the soft soil above the weight of the drill for mechanical problems, is likely to appear in soft soil subsidence phenomenon, resulting in the deviation of drilling rig and drilling pile location deviation. In construction site is flat and level, to the essence of the soft soil base situation of the construction site is flat and level, construction personnel have to be clear the construction area of the weed, next reoccupy is equal to or less than 60 cm, the broken stone compaction work to ensure that the state of the rig substructure is stable.
3、用钻机钻工的注意事项
3, use drill rig hands matters needing attention
对施工现场进行钻工时，要注意3个小点：一是，要在桩基础的混凝土在浇筑完成二十四小时之后才可以进行钻孔工作。二是，在开始进行钻孔工程时，一定要对尺度、速度控制好，避免出现塌孔现象。所谓的塌孔现象指的是：在进行钻孔工作时因为没有注意好钻机速度和技巧方面的问题而导致塌孔现象的发生。三是，因为沙砾风华岩石层的土层比较坚硬，所以在钻孔进行深度到达沙砾风华岩石层和粘土的时，会对钻头造成跳动的影响，因此，一定要选择抵挡慢速的钻孔速度进行钻孔工作。
To driller on the construction site, pay attention to three small points: one is that to finish in pile foundation concrete pouring can drilling work after 24 hours. 2 it is, at the start of drilling engineering, must be good to scale, speed control, avoid even the appearance of hole collapse. So-called hole collapse phenomenon refers to: in the work because they didn't pay attention to the well drilling speed and drilling technique problems have led to the collapse hole. Station three is, because of sand layers of the soil is hard, so arrive in gravel drilling deep weathering rock and clay, would beat the effects on the drill bit, therefore, must choose against drilling work slow drilling speed.
4、对钻孔进行清理的工作
4, to the drilling work to clean
在清孔过程中主要是用换浆法进行清孔工作。在钻机完成钻孔工作时，用密度比价低的泥浆对其进行施压，从而把钻孔里面的钻渣和密度较大的泥浆替换出来，清孔过程中要随时注意孔底的情况，因为本桥梁工程的桩基础比较深，所以在进行清孔工作的时候一定要仔细、小心。
In the process of hole cleaning method is mainly used in pulp for hole cleaning work. To finish drilling rig, using low density parity of mud pressure, so as to put the inside of the hole drilling slag and denser slurry replacement, in the process of hole cleaning will keep an eye on the bottom of the hole, because the bridge engineering of pile foundation is more deep, so the hole cleaning work must be careful, be careful.
5、混凝土的浇筑和深桩钢筋笼的制作
5, concrete pouring and deep pile reinforcing cage
因为本桥梁工程的桥长相对较大，所以在制作钢筋笼的时候，一定要对图纸方面进行严格设计，制作工程中要注意钢筋笼的焊接、对接，每根钢筋都要对准中心，钢筋的接法要采用双面焊接法进行焊接工作。焊接完成之后技术人员要对其进行检查，这样做的目的是为了防止施工工程中出现焊接不达标、漏焊等现象。混凝浇筑工作要根据本工程的设计方案进行浇筑工作，一般钻孔桩使用的混凝土都是C 25型的，在进行浇筑工作之前要使用导管进行搅拌过程，这样可以减少泥浆的沉淀。当清孔工作完成时，一定要对孔底的泥浆沉淀厚度进行检查，对其进行判断，看是否能达到混凝土浇筑方面的标准。因为本桥梁工程的深桩基础比较多，所以施工人员应该要在混凝土浇筑的工作上尽量把时间减少，还要注意保持混凝土结构的一致性、连续性。

Because this bridge engineering of bridge is opposite bigger, so in the production of reinforcing cage, must strictly on drawing part of the design, should pay attention to in production engineering of reinforcing cage welding, butt, every root reinforcement should be aimed at center, reinforcing steel bar connection to use double-sided welding for welding work. After completion of welding technology personnel to the inspection, the aim is to prevent welding does not amount to mark in the engineering construction, leakage phenomenon such as welding. Concrete pouring work according to the engineering design of casting work, general drilling pile with concrete is type C 25, before pouring work to use the tube for mixing process, so that can reduce mud precipitation. When the hole cleaning work is done, be sure to check for the sludge thickness of the bottom of the hole, to judge, look to whether can reached the standard of concrete pouring in. Because the bridge engineering of deep pile foundation is more, so the construction personnel should try to reduce the time on the concrete pouring work, also pay attention to keep consistency, continuity of the concrete structure.
结束语：
Conclusion:
目前，我国应该在软土地基施工技术在桥梁施工中的应用是相对而言比较不完善的，相关部门和技术人员应该对其加强实践、研究。一个完善的软土地基施工技术在桥梁施工中的应用可以直接影响到，桥梁项目工程的安全性和质量。所以相关部门和相关人员必须对施工技术的应用、设计进行探讨和研究，也可对以往的施工技术经验进行结合，从而可以不断的完善施工方面技术，来达到工程项目的建设目标和加快施工时间。
At present, our country should be in soft soil foundation construction technology application in the bridge construction is relatively inadequate, related departments and technical personnel should strengthen the practice and research on it. A perfect construction technology of soft soil foundation can directly affects its application in bridge construction, the safety of the bridge project engineering and quality. So relevant departments and relevant personnel must to discuss the application of construction technology, design and research, also can be combined on previous experience in construction technology, in order to constantly improve the construction technology, to achieve the construction goal of the project and speed up the construction time.