有关女大学生就业心理困扰的表现、归因及对策的浅析中英文对照.doc

有关女大学生就业心理困扰的表现、归因及对策的浅析中英文对照
The female college students employment psychological distress, the performance analysis of causes and Countermeasures in Chinese and English
　就业是每个人所面临的重大抉择，尤其对于大学生来说，是人生的重大转折。社会现实中依然存在女大学生就业难的现象，使得女大学生在择业心理压力、心理冲突方面较之男大学生更加突出。分析了女大学生就业过程中多种心理困扰及其产生原因，同时提出了一些措施以助于解决女大学生的就业心理困扰。
Employment is a great decision that everyone faces, especially for college students, is a major turning point in life. Female college students employment difficult phenomenon still exists in the society, the female college students in employment psychological pressure, psychological conflict more prominent than male college students. Analysis of a variety of psychological distress process in female college students' employment and its causes, and put forward some measures to help solve the employment psychological problems of female college students.
【关键词】 大学生 就业 心理困扰 女
[ keyword ] college students employment psychological problems of female
　　随着高校的扩招，女大学生在其中所占比例逐年上升，据有关资料统计，2008年普通高校女毕业生占总人数的44%左右。现实社会中女大学生在就业过程中面临的困难远远大于男生，这就给她们带来了巨大的心理压力，也产生了一些心理障碍。准确把握女大学生就业心理困扰的主要表现及归因，重视女生的就业心理健康教育，成为社会和高校一项刻不容缓的工作。
With the expansion of university enrollment, female college students in which the proportion is rising year by year, according to the relevant statistics, female college graduates in 2008 accounted for about 44% of the total number. Female college students in social reality facing in the course of employment difficulty is far greater than the boys, which has brought them great psychological pressure, also produced a number of mental disorders. Accurately grasp the main manifestations of female college students' employment psychological distress and attribution, the importance of health education of employment psychology students, become the society and universities a crunch time work.
　　1 心理困扰的主要表现
The 1 main manifestations of psychological distress
　　1.1 安稳与实惠心理
1.1 safe and affordable psychology
　　女大学生在择业时往往从职业的稳定性出发，认为到机关事业单位工作就等于捧到了“铁饭碗”，不会有“企业倒闭职工下岗”的风险，这些思想导致了女大学生对机关事业单位的偏爱心理。实惠也成为女大学生的普遍价值取向，有部分女生在“大款”、“大腕”面前，放下清高，挽起“款爷”的手臂，把金钱实惠作为人生目标。

Female students in career often starting from the occupation stability, considered by the institutions work is holding to " a secure job ", not " business failures of laid-off workers " risk, these ideas led to a preference for female college students of institutions. Benefit has become a common value orientation of female college students, there are some girls in the " big money", "known " before, put down the lofty, roll up " kuanye " arm, put the money to benefit as a goal in life.
　　1.2 自负与自卑心理
1.2 conceit and inferiority complex
　　大学女生往往存在自负心理，就业时易挑三拣四，对自己的就业期望值很高。但同时又存在明显的自卑心理，由于性别原因，女大学生在接受用人单位选择中多受冷落，“宁招武大郎，不要穆桂英”这种“性别歧视”的现象严重损害了女大学生的自尊心，挫伤了她们的学习积极性，导致她们产生“女生学习再好，将来也难找到好单位”的自卑心理。
University students are conceited psychology, employment is easy to pick and choose, to their employment expectations were high. But there are obvious inferiority complex, due to reasons of gender female students in accept the snub employer of choice, " Ning you don't move, Mu Guiying, " the " sex discrimination " phenomenon serious damage to the female college students' self-esteem, dampened their enthusiasm for learning, causes them to produce " girls to learn again good, also hard to find a good unit " future inferiority.
　　1.3 依赖与从众心理
1.3 dependence and psychological conformity
　　一些从小到大都在被保护的环境中成长的女大学生，面对就业中的种种困难，依赖心理较大。有些女大学生缺乏自主性和竞争意识，盲目从众，追求大多数人特别是同性选择的“大企、名企、公务员、外企”等职业，而忽略了对自身的兴趣、爱好、特长的分析。
Some childhood growing up in the protected environment of female college students, in the face of difficulties in employment, greater psychological dependence. Some female college students lack the initiative and consciousness of competition, blind conformity, the pursuit of the majority of people especially sexual selection "big enterprises, famous enterprises, foreign occupation, civil servants ", ignoring their own interest, hobbies, special analysis.
　　1.4 焦虑与恐惧心理
1.4 anxiety and fear
　　就业前的一段时间内，既要完成学业，又要奔波于用人单位之间，心里非常疲惫。加上就业市场上男女机会的不平等，使女生就业受挫的经历更多，造成女大学生精神上紧张，烦躁不安，甚至产生彻夜难眠现象，行为上也表现得反应迟钝，手忙脚乱，无所适从，有些心理健康水平低的女生甚至出现“就业恐惧”。
The employment of a period of time, not only to complete their studies, but also on the run between the employer, the heart is very tired. With the job market and inequality of opportunity, make the female employment frustration experience more, resulting in female college students mental tension, restlessness, even at night, behavior appeared to be unresponsive, act with confusion, not know what course to take, some lower mental health level of girls and even the emergence of " employment fear ".
　　2 产生心理困扰归因
2 psychological distress attribution
　　2.1 社会因素
2.1 social factors
　　传统观念的束缚及传统教育方式的后果。虽然重男轻女的观念己被现代社会所摒弃，但大众传媒的负面影响仍左右人们。它们直接或间接地对女性的发展起着消极作用，造成不少女生对自身性别的自卑。市场经济和社会思潮的负面影响。受经济利益驱动和拜金主义、享乐主义、功利主义等不良社会思潮影响，女大学生在就业过程中更加注重经济利益、工作范围和社会效果，忽视了才智发挥、事业成就等。2.2 学校因素
The shackles of traditional ideas and the traditional education mode of the consequences. Although men are superior to women has been abandoned the idea of modern society, but the negative influence of mass media is about people. They directly or indirectly to the development of female plays a negative role, resulting in a lot of girls of their gender inferiority. The negative influence of market economy and social trend of thought. Driven by economic interests and money worship, hedonism, utilitarianism and bad social ideological trend influence, female students pay more attention to economic interests, in the course of employment in the scope of work and social effect, ignoring the talents, career achievement etc.. 2.2 school factors
　　高校对女大学生在就业中出现的心理问题还不能及时的、有针对性地进行教育和疏导，女大学生的就业心理素质教育还显得比较被动，就业心理咨询及职业生涯规划辅导还不够广泛。
University is not the psychological problems of female college students in the employment of the timely, targeted for education and counseling, psychological quality education, employment of female college students is passive, employment psychological counseling and occupation career planning is still not widely.
　　2.3 自身因素
2.3 factors
　　(1)不正确的自我定位走入心理误区。有些女生很难给自己正确定位，对就业期望值过高，在就业时忽视所学专业特点，忽视自身特长，不从个人发展和事业前途考虑，而是盲目向往大城市、大机关、大单位，一味追求待遇好、收入高的热门职业。(2)低职业成就动机导致行为偏差。女大学生虽然是女性中的佼佼者，但受家庭和社会的影响，职业成就动机却较低，有些女大学生将人生幸福寄托在“找个好丈夫”上，将很多精力放在身材、美容、穿着打扮等外在的形象上，而忽视大学期间的知识积累、能力培养和综合素质的提高，面对严峻的就业形势，往往显得束手无策，引发心理危机。
( 1 ) the incorrect positioning themselves into the mental errors. Some of the girls is very difficult to give their correct position, the employment expectations are too high, in the job when the major characteristics of neglect, neglect their own strengths, not considering the personal and career development, but the blind longing for big city, large institutions, large units, the treatment of blind pursuit of good, high income, popular occupation. ( 2 ) low occupation achievement motivation leads to behavioral biases. Female college students are outstanding in women, but influenced by the family and society, occupation achievement motivation is low, some female college students will be the happiness of life lies in the " find a good husband ", put much effort in the body, beauty, dressed in the external image, while ignoring the University during the accumulation of knowledge, ability and comprehensive quality improvement, in the face of the severe employment situation, often seem to be at a loss what to do, cause psychological crisis.
　　3 措施与对策
3 measures and Countermeasures
　　3.1 国家和社会应规范就业政策，创造良好的就业环境。制定完善的大学生就业法律规范；制定相应的保护政策，为女大学生平等就业提供法律保障，使女生就业有章可循。在人才选聘上，标准统一，不人为设置性别障碍。
3.1 the state and society shall regulate the employment policy, to create a good employment environment. The development of employment law students perfect; conservation policy making corresponding to equal employment, female college students to provide legal protection, the female employment rules. Unified standard in talent recruitment, not artificial, gender barriers.
　　3.2 应加强对大学生的就业心理咨询工作力度。在就业指导中应加强对女大学生的心理素质教育和抗挫折教育，有针对性地引导她们客观评价自己，增强自我调控能力，增强适应环境的能力，正确对待求职过程中的失败，使其保持良好的择业心态参与竞争，引导她们正确择业，顺利就业，成功立业
3.2 should be strengthened on the employment of college students psychological counseling work. In the employment guidance should strengthen the education of psychological quality of female college students and frustration education, to guide their objective evaluation of their own, enhance the ability of self-control, enhance the ability to adapt to the environment, treat the job search process failure, keeping good career mentality to participate in the competition, guide them to the correct employment, employment, success.
　　3.3 大学生应正确认识自我，提高自身素质
3.3 college students should have a correct understanding of self, to improve their own quality
　　(1)尽快转变社会心理角色，迈出成功的第一步。就业这对女大学生来说绝不仅仅是一次归属的改变，还意味着自身社会心理角色的转变。女大学生要深刻认识到这一点，克服自卑、依赖等不健康心理，尽快完成心理角色的转变。(2)发挥性别优势，正确自我评价，选准职业切入点。女大学生在性格、语言、交往、管理等方面的能力比男生略胜一筹，又具有特有的思维方式和耐心细致的特点，因此女大学生要积极发挥自身优势，结合自己所学的专业、爱好特长等，通过积极参加社会调查、学术讲座、社会实践等活动来拓展知识面，加强实践能力，提高社会适应、人际交往、组织管理等方面的能力，找准职业切入点，从而实现自己的职业理想。(3)积极学习心理健康知识，掌握各种自我调适的方法，如：转移、宣泄、自我暗示、放松等。在遭遇挫折和冲突时，客观分析自我与现实，有效排除心理困扰，最终实现合理就业、成功就业。
( 1 ) as soon as possible the transformation of social psychological role, taking the first step to success. The female college students employment is not only an ownership change, also means to change their social roles. Female students to realize this point, overcome inferiority complex, dependent, poor mental health, changes in psychological role as soon as possible. ( 2 ) play sex advantage, correct self evaluation, choose the occupation entry point. In personality, language ability, communication, management and other female students than male students be a stroke above, and has a unique way of thinking and patient characteristics, so the female college students to actively play their own advantages, combined with their own major, hobbies and so on through active participation in social investigation, academic lectures, social practice and other activities. The expansion of knowledge, strengthening the practice ability, enhance the ability of social adaptation, interpersonal communication, organization and management of the occupation, find the breakthrough point, in order to achieve their own occupation ideal. ( 3 ) positive learning psychological health knowledge, mastering the methods, such as: transfer of various self-adjustment, catharsis, self-suggestion, relax. In the face of frustration and conflict, objective analysis of self and real, effective elimination of psychological distress, and ultimately realize the reasonable employment, employment.