九年级英语By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.doc

Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left

重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到学校时才发现把书包落在家了。
(1)had left my backpack at home 这是一个过去完成时的句子，表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。
By three o’clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.
到昨天下午三点，我们已经完成了工作。
She had learned a lot of English before she went to school.
在上学之前，她已经学会了很多英语。
(2)left是leave的过去式，在此处意为“遗忘”，“忘记”，后面常有地点状语。
Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday.
昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。
特别提示
forget作“遗忘”解时，后面没有“遗忘”的地点。
I have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。
2. My alarm clock didn’t go off, and by the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him to come out. (P78)我的闹钟坏了，因此等我醒来的时候，我父亲已经进去洗澡了，我只好等他出来。
(1)go off 是“（闹钟）闹响”的意思，即“发出声音”。
The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off.
防盗警报器一响，窃贼立刻逃走了。
(2)by the time I woke up 中的by the time意为“到……的时候”。
By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself.
等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。
3. I started walking, but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. (P78)我开始步行，但我知道我已经不能按时到达学校了。
(1)start to do sth和start doing sth都表示“开始做某事”，常可相互替换。
At the age of 12 he started writing his own newspaper.
= At the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.
他十二岁时，开始编写自己的报纸。
(2)on time在本句中意为“准时，按规定的时间不早也不迟”。
Li Ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父亲很少准时上班。
The party began on time that evening. 晚会在那天下午准时举行。
知识拓展
time表示“……次/倍”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为times。
How many times did you see the movie? 那部电影你看了几遍？
I have four times as many books as you.我的书是你的4倍。
特别提示
in time意为“及时”。
I will try my best to finish it in time. 我会尽力及时完成。
Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed?
你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前赶回家看看他们吗？
短语链语
all the time始终、总是, at any time在任何时候, at the same time同时, by the time在……时候以前, from time to time偶尔, have a good/bad time过得快乐/不快乐, in no time立刻, in time及时, many a time屡次, at times有时, take one’s time慢慢来\\别着急, The Times《泰晤士报》（英国一大报）, two times three 2乘以3
4. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride. (P78)幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了，带了我一程。
(1)luckily是个副词，意为“幸运地，有运气地”，在句中常用作状语。
Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself when he fell. 算他运气好，跌倒了没有受伤。
Luckily, she was in when I called. 真走运，我打电话时她正好在。
(2)give sb a ride意为“让人搭便车”，其中ride是名词。
Please give me a ride to my school, I’m going to be late.
请把我带到学校去，我要迟到了。
If you go to station, I can give you a ride. 如果你去车站，我可以带你一程。
5. When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78)我到学校的时候，上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。
(1) final bell在此处作“上课铃”解，有时也写为second bell，而“预备铃”则表示为first bell。
(2) made it在这里表示“到达、赶上”的意思。
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话，就会按时赶到的。
6. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (P78)你是否曾经忘记将作业带到学校了呢？
(1)ever在这里是“曾经”的意思,常用于现在完成时里，询问对方是否有过某种经历。
Have you ever been to London? 你曾经去过伦敦吗？
知识拓展
◎ever用于一般疑问句、否定句以及表示条件或比较的从句中，意为“在（以往）任何时候”，“从来”，“在某时”等。
Nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他几乎不来了。
None of us will ever forget that exciting scene.
我们大家永远都不会忘记那个令人激动的场面。
◎ever用于特殊疑问句中，意为“究竟、到底”。
Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个？
When ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么时候丢失这个东西的？
◎ever用于含有最高级的从句中，可用来加强语气。
Li Siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最伟大的科学家。
短语链语
◎ever after“从那以后”
They lived happily ever after. 从那以后他们幸福地生活着。
◎ever since“从……以来”
I’ve known him ever since he was a boy. 我从小就认识他。
◎ever so“非常”
Li Xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常强壮。
◎for ever“永远”
We love our motherland for ever. 我们永远爱我们的祖国。
(2)forgotten to bring是“忘记带来”的意思，构成forget to do sth 句型，表示“忘记将要做某事”（事情还没有做）。
Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
离开房间时不要忘记关灯。
特别提示
forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事”（事情做过,但忘了）。
I forgot returning the book to the library.我忘记曾把这本书还给图书馆了。
7. In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. (P80)1938年，由Orson Welles主持的电台节目宣布来自火星的外星人在地球上登陆了。
(1)announce 意思是“宣布”，常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。
The new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。
The headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校长宣布考试成绩。
知识拓展
announcer，名词，“宣布者”，“播音员”；announcement名词，“宣告”，“通告”，“预告
(2)aliens是“外侨”的意思，在这里指的是“来自另一世界的生物”，与from Mars搭配，表示“来自火星的外星人”。
(3)on the earth意为“在地球上”，而in the earth却是“在地里”，“在地下”的意思。
We live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。
In the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些动物藏在地下。
特别提示
on earth表示“究竟”，“到底”，常用在who, what, where, when, why等特殊疑问词后，以加强疑问的语气;也可以用在否定词之后，以加强否定的语气。
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的？
Nothing on earth could make him change his mind.无论什么都不能使他改变注意。
◎on earth还可意为“在世界上”，“世间”，有时用于最高级之后，以加强其含义。
You are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。
8. Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. (P80)Welles的话是如此具有说服力，以至于成百上千人相信了他的话，全国处于一片恐慌之中。
(1)so...that在这里引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，that后面接从句，常见的句型有：
◎主语+系动词（be, become等）+so+形容词+that从句。
The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.
计算机太有用了，我们每个人都想买一台。
◎主语+行为动词+so+副词+that从句。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我们追不上他。
◎so...that后面也可以跟so many/few加复数可数名词或so much/little加不可数名词。
He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last.
他摔了很多跤，终于学会了骑车。
There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.
会议室里的噪音太大，我听不清演讲者的发言。
知识拓展
so...that句型转换的四种方法
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too...to...转换。
The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.
这个小女孩太累了，她不能再走路了。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too...for sb to do sth转换。
The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time
=The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.
这份工作太难了，我们不能按时完成。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用...enough to do sth转换。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用...enough for sb to do sth转换。
He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.
=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚，我能听明白。
特别提示
so that连在一起使用，意为“为了，以便”，表示目的，此时主句和从句的主语不一定一致；另外，还可以引导结果状语从句，前面一般用逗号。
Speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿，以便我们听得见。
She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了，不能和你一起去了。
(2)convincing 是由动词convince加后缀-ing构成的形容词，意为“令人信服的、有说服力的”，主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。
His speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。
◎convince是及物动词，表示“使……信服”，“使……确信”。
You have convinced me that I should go.你已经说服了我，我应该去。
短语链语
convince sb of sth“使某人相信某事”
特别提示
convinced作形容词时，表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”，在句中用作定语，其主语是人。
Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的基督徒。
（3）短语动词set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。
A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.
一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。
特别提示
set off在作“出发、动身”解时,与set out意思相同。
It was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。
9. One April Fool’s day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (P80)一个愚人节，有位英国记者宣称以后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了，因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产细面条的植物了。
(1)there would be是there be的过去将来时，也可表示为“there was going to be”或“there were going to be”，意为“过去将有”。
知识拓展
过去将来时由“助动词would/should+动词原形”构成，表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常运用于宾语从句中。
The students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.
同学们不知道明天要去哪儿。
Nobody knew where he would go. 没人知道他要去哪里。
◎过去将来时也常可用“助动词was/were+going to+动词原形”表示。
She said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她说她要在大会上发言。
Li Ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next Sunday.
李萍说她下个星期日要去拜访住在城里的婶婶。
特别提示
表示位置移动的动词如come, leave, fly, go, arrive等，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。
He didn’t say when he was coming here. 他没有说什么时候要来这里。
She told me that she was leaving for Shanghai next week.
她告诉我说她下周要动身去上海。
（2）本句中的farmer意为“农夫、农场主、经营农业者”，主要指经营农场的人，主要用于英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等，因为这些国家的农业以农场经营为主。
Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？
特别提示
peasant意为“农民”，常指非英语国家的雇农、佃农或自耕农。在我们国家，目前将“农民”都译为peasant。
What’s the old peasant saying to them? 那位老农在对他们说什么？
10. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been bought. (P80)当人们意识到这是一个骗局的时候，全国的意大利面条都已被买完了。
have been bought是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为：has／have been+过去分词。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空。
特别提示
现在完成时被动语态结构中有两个过去分词，其中has／have为助动词，因此其各种句型转换均应借助于has／have来完成。构成否定句时直接在 has／have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has／have提前。
Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？
His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。
11. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. (P80)从前，有位著名的电视明星在愚人节那天邀请他的女友参加他的演出。
本句中的show用作名词，表示“演出”，“展览”。
The show begins at eight o’clock. 演出8点钟开始。
There is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一个美术展览。
知识拓展
show作动词时，表示“给……看”，“出示……”。
He showed his ticket at the door.他在门口出示了门票。
短语链语
on show表示“展览、陈列”，相当于on display。
12. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80)她很激动，因为她真的想结婚。
(1)thrilled是形容词，意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”，常用来说明一个人的心情。
He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。
She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend.
当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候，她很激动也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短语，意为“结婚”，表示动作；而be married表示状态，意为“结婚了”，这两个短语都可以和介词to连用。
She’s married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。
They’re saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。
魔力纠错
他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
误：He was married with a friend of mine.
正：He was married to a friend of mine.
魔力解析
当表示“与……结婚”时，marry用作及物动词，其后接介词to，而不能用with。
特别提示
marry是短暂性动词，当表示“结婚多长时间”时，要用be married。
Lucy married Robert two years ago.
= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years.
=It is two years since Lucy married Robert.
=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。
知识拓展
◎问某人“婚否”时应说Are you married?或Is he married？等；如果“未婚”，可以说I’m single.。
◎问某人“何时结的婚”应说When were you married?或When did you get married?。