初三英语Unit 1 Life on Mars(2) 译林版（新疆）知识精讲.doc

初三英语Unit 1 Life on Mars (2) 译林版（新疆）
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 1 Life on Mars (2)

Main task:
Write your own guide to living on Mars.
Tasks:
1. Object clauses introduced by ‘that’.
2. Object clause introduced by ‘if’ or ‘whether’.
3. Write your own guide to living on Mars.

二. 重点、难点：
Grammar B C
B Object clauses introduced by ‘that’ 由“that”引导的宾语从句
用一个句子来作一个动词的宾语，叫宾语从句。陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that不在从句中担任成份，只起连接作用，有时可省略。
Eg. We all know （that） Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.
He said （that） he would help me with English.
若主句的谓语动词是find, make, think 等，其后又带有复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把实际的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后。
Eg. Do you think it necessary that we’ll have a meeting tomorrow?

C if / whether 引导的宾语从句
当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if / whether引导，宾语从句语序是陈述句语序。
Eg. I don’t know if / whether he will come tomorrow.
We are wondering whether we can grow plants on Mars.
注意：在动词wonder 后面的宾语从句常用 if / whether 引导。

Integrated Skills
1. We could get ill from living there. 住在那里，我们可能生病。
from 在这里的意思是because of 由于。
2. The programme started with a discussion about a survey conducted in schools in Sunshine Town. 这个节目以一个调查报告的讨论开始，这个调查报告是由阳光镇的学校进行的。
start with … 以…开始，相当于 begin with。
e.g. He began with that point.
conducted in schools in Sunshine Town 是过去分词作定语，修饰 a survey。
e.g. She is a girl called Mary.
3. However, some other students worried about living there. 然而，其他学生担心住在那里。
worry about 担心、担忧，后跟动词要加 ing 。
e.g. I am worrying about taking exams.
4. They were even afraid of seeing aliens.他们甚至害怕在那里看见外星人。
be afraid of 害怕，后可跟名词、代词、动名词等。
e.g. I am afraid of him. /dogs.
He is afraid of staying at home alone.
5. It would be great to have robots do all the work for us. 让机器人帮我们工作将是太好了。
It is great to do sth. 做……是好的。
Have robots do all the work for us. 句中的have 相当于 make, let “使得，让”，句型是 have sb. do sth.
e.g. Can you have him wait for me?

Study Skills
1. The surface of Mars is more like the surface of Earth than any other planet in our solar system. 火星的表面比太阳系中其他任何行星更像地球。
be more like 更像， like 是介词，表示“像”
e.g. What is he like?
any other planet 其他任何一个行星
“比较级+ than any other + 单数动词，”是用比较级的形式表示最高级的含义，所以上句可写成：
The surface of Mars is the most like the surface of Earth in our solar system.
e.g. China is larger than any other country in Asia.= China is the largest country in Asia.

Main Task
1. 1 is worth around M 10. 一元人民币值大约十元火星元。
worth adj. 值…钱
e.g. The piano is worth 3,000 yuan.
worth adj. 值得
e.g. This story is worth reading.
2. Settlers usually keep these animals away with laser light. 定居者通常用激光使这些动物不能靠近。
keep away / keep sb. /sth. away 使不靠近，不接近
e.g. Keep your little brother away from playing on the road.
3. Things from Earth are hard to find. 从地球上来的东西很难找到。
4. The public transport system is specially designed to be comfortable and they are never late.
公共交通系统设计得特别舒服，而且它们从不迟到。
be designed to be comfortable 被动语态，“被设计得舒服”
5. If you want to drive, you can buy a car which floats in the air. 如果你想开车，你可以买一辆车，它会漂在空气中。
which floats in the air 是定语从句，修饰 a car, 所以float 中的“s’”不能少掉。

Checkout
1. Can you help me make Sandy calm down? 你能帮助我使 Sandy 平静下来吗？
calm down 平静下来
2. We will take off very soon. 我们很快就要起飞了。
take off 在这里是“起飞”的意思，take off 还有“脱下”的意思。
e.g. It’s hot here. You’d better take off your coat.
3. She is too nervous to relax, Simon. Simon, 她太紧张了不能放松下来。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）

一、听力练习：
A. 选择合适的应答句：
1. （ ）
A. I dislike it. B. I’m full.
C. Yes, I do. D. I can’t get to my food.
2. （ ）
A. Hours. B. Months. C. Years. D. A long time.
3. （ ）
A. Plants will produce oxygen. B. We will live in domes.
C. We will carry air tank. D. We will wear helmets every day.
B. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案：
4. （ ）
A. Dried food. B. An air tank.
C. Special boots. D. A digital camera.
5. （ ）
A. To have more free time. B. From the supermarket.
C. To do the homework. D. To play with.

C. 听短文，判断正误：
6. （ ）We are sure there aren’t any plants living on Mars.
7. （ ）People can’t live on Mars because there is almost no oxygen.
8. （ ）The temperature on Mars changes a lot in a day.
9. （ ）The changing of Mars colors shows that there may be life on it.
10. （ ）The main idea of this passage is there may be life on Mars.

二、用 can （not） / could （not） , may （not） / might （not） , must （not） 填空：
1. Could I use your phone? Yes, of course you _______.
2. That pen _______ be his. No, it ______ be his. There is a name on the pen. It’s Ann’s.
3. I wonder where Ann is. She ______ be with Dick, I think.
4. ______ I speak to you for a moment please? Sure, but only 5 minutes.
5. When I was young, I _______ run very fast.
6. What ______ I do for you, Mr. Li?
7. You ______ play on the road, it’s dangerous.
8. _____ I borrow your boots, Dad? I’m sorry, you ______.

三、用 if 或whether 或that 将下列句子改为宾语从句：
1. Are there many people in China learning English?
Could you tell me ______________________________________.
2. I will move to Moon Town.
Millie said ____________________________________________.
3. Light goes faster than sound.
Our teacher told us ______
4. Do you dare to go out alone at night?
My friend asked me ____________________________________.
5. He has finished his homework.
He told his teacher _____________________________________.
6. Did the USA send a space robot onto Mars last year?
I wonder _______

四、根据汉语提示，完成下列各句：
1. We all know _________________________________（地球现在变得越来越拥挤）
2. He made it quite clear __________________________（他宁愿住在火星上）
3. I wonder ____________________________________（他是否会成功）
4. Do you know ________________________________（火星上的生活会是什么样的）
5. Settlers usually _______________________________（用激光灯使那些动物远离他们）
6. Can you help me ______________________________（使Sandy平静下来）
7. Nothing can prevent ____________________________（他上学）
8. Life is often __________________________________（比作蜡烛）

五、阅读理解：
Believe it or not. The day you can go to the moon is coming soon. You can go into space in space shuttles. It takes about three days for the shuttle to go from Earth to the moon. The shuttle flies a long way to a space station. You can stay there for a short rest and then it will take you to the moon. Now you can jump out of the shuttle, but you mustn’t put off your spacesuit. Because it is very hot in the daytime and very cold at night on the moon, and the spacesuit can help your body adjust to the temperature there. The moon is much smaller than Earth. The things on the moon are lighter than those on Earth. You will find that it is never tiring to walk on the moon. You don’t need to take an umbrella or a raincoat with you since there is no rain or wind on the moon. You can hear nothing because there is no air on the moon. And there are no animals or any other living things there.
The moon moves slowly, so one day on the moon is as long as two weeks on Earth and one light is just as long as two weeks on Earth. We could you do in such long days and nights, and in such a silent world? Now you see our Earth is really a far better place to live, only if we take good care of it, but scientists are trying to make the best of the moon.
（ ） 1. ______ will take you into space.
A. A plane B. A space station C. A space shuttle D. A spacesuit
（ ） 2. Which of the following is in the right order?
a. You put on a spacesuit b. You get into a space shuttle
c. You jump out of the shuttle d. The shuttles take you to the space station
A. bacd B. abcd C. badc D. abdc
（ ） 3. When you are on the moon, you can walk around _______ than on Earth.
A. more easily B. more highly C. more slowly D. harder
（ ） 4. There is no life on the moon because ________.
A. the moon moves very slowly
B. the moon is much smaller than Earth
C. there is no air or water
D. it is very hot in the daytime and cold at night
（ ） 5. Which of the following is true?
A. Days are longer and nights are shorter on the moon than on Earth.
B. Days are shorter and nights are longer on the moon than on Earth.
C. Both days and nights are shorter on the moon than on Earth.
D. One day and night on the moon are almost as long as one month on Earth.

六、作文：
假如你在火星上住过一段时间，请你就火星上的生活的各个方面写一个指南，请从交通，购物，动物，休闲，货币等方面写一篇火星生活指南。

[参考答案]
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听力原文：
A.
1. How do you like the food in this restaurant?
2. How long does it take to fly to Mars?
3. How are going to breathe on Mars?
B.
4. Simon: I think the dried food is the most important thing for an astronaut.
Daniel: No, I think an air tank is more important than dried food.
Questions: What does Daniel think is more important?
5. Millie: Where can you buy a robot?
Daniel: From the supermarket. I bought the robot to have more free time.
Question: Why did Daniel buy a robot?
1—5 A C C B A
C. Is there life on Mars? We don’t know. We are sure that people like those on the earth do not live on Mars.
Earth people need oxygen to breathe. There is almost no oxygen on Mars.
Living on Mars would be like living on a very high mountain. There would be little air. It might be 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below at night.
Many people think there may be plants on Mars. We know that Mars has carbon. This is a kind of material found in all plants and animals on earth. Through a telescope, Mars looks red. In some places, it seems gray. At times the gray color turns gray-green, then brown, then gray again. The gray-green color may be a kind of plant life changing color with the seasons.
Will men go to Mars one day? If they do, they will have to take along their own oxygen, food, clothing, and shelter.
6—10 B A A A A
二、1.can 2. must can’t
3. may 4. May
5. could 6. can
7. mustn’t 8. Could can’t
三、用 if 或whether 或that 将下列句子改为宾语从句：
1. if there are many people in China learning English
2. that she would move to Moon Town
3. that light goes faster than sound.
4. if I dared to go out at night
5. that he had finished his homework
6. if the USA sent a space robot onto Mars last year
四、根据汉语提示，完成下列各句：
1. that Earth is becoming more and more crowded
2. that he would rather live on Mars
3. if he will succeed
4. what life on Mars will be like
5. keep animals away with laser light
6. make Sandy calm down
7. him from going to school
8. compared to candles
五、阅读理解：
C D A C D
六、作文：
略