初三英语Chapter 1 The green consumer Language, writing and more practice沈阳牛津版知识精讲.doc

初三英语Chapter 1 The green consumer Language, writing and more practice沈阳牛津版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Chapter 1 The green consumer Language, writing and more practice

（一）本章语法内容：why与because的用法、同级比较、like, the same as与different from的用法
（二）写作练习：如何解决环境污染问题
（三）课外阅读理解练习：污染

二. 知识总结与归纳
（一）语法内容
why与because的用法
why能引导下列几种从句：
1. 主语从句
Why he took Chinese nationality in 1901 is a question that interests us.
他为什么在1901年取得中国国籍，这是一个使我们很感兴趣的问题。
2. 宾语从句
He asked her why she was doing that.
他问她为什么要那样做。

why作疑问词
可以用来向对方问及原因，可以用Why?或Why not?二者都是省略句。
1. “Why?”用来针对肯定的内容发问。
A: What are you going to do tomorrow?
B: Nothing much. Why? (=Why do you ask me that?)
2. Why not? 用来针对否定的内容发问，用在下列几种情况中：
①对一般疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如：
A：Do you often go to school by bike?
B: No, I don’t.
A: Why not? (=Why don’t you go to school by bike?)
②对反意疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如：
A: You haven’t finished your homework, have you?
B: No, I haven’t.
A: Why not?(=Why haven’t you finished it?)
③ 对否定陈述句询问原因时。例如：
A: I can’t finish this work in two days.
B: Why not?(=Why can’t you finish it in two days?)
④对表示建议、提议的回答时，形式上是否定，实际上是一种强调肯定的语气。例如：
A: Could you come with me?
B: Why not?(=I can go with you.)
why用作引导词（又称感叹句）

放在句首或句中作插入语，表示惊奇等各种各样的情绪
①“...” “Next Friday? Why, what’s happening?”“……”“下星期五？啊，有什么事吗？”
②Why! I thought you were in London.哎呀！我还以为你在伦敦呢！
③Why, it’s quite easy! A child could do it!唔，那是相当容易的！小孩子也会做！
④Why, what did she say?呃，她说什么？
why 用在书和文章的标题中
用一种不规范的句子语序也是符合语法的。例如：
Why I am learning English?
我为什么学习英语？
Why the bat comes out only at night?
为什么蝙蝠只在夜里出来？
“why＋不定式”时，不定式的动词常是不及物动词。例如：
He doesn’t know why to go there.他不知道为什么去那里。
why在口语中可以用作宾语。例如：
Tell me why. 告诉我为什么。
I don’t know why. 我不知道为什么。
why not 和why don’t
常表示一种建议: Why not go with me? 何不跟我一起去？（希望对方也去）
why don’t是疑问的用法:Why don’t you answer this question? 为什么不回答这些问题？

because, since, as和for引导的原因状语从句
1. because(因为)：表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强。
He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
Why didn’t he go to school?
Because he was ill.
2. since(既然)：一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比because弱。
Since you are ill, I’ll go alone.
3. as(由于)：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。
As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.
4. for(因为，其理由是）：是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明，表示新的情况，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首。
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
* for表示因果关系时，可以同because交替使用，但for前须用逗号，而because则不必。
You couldn’t have seen him because he wasn’t there.
= You couldn’t have seen him, for he wasn’t there.
*当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since，且多放在句首。
Since/ As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

as…as的基本用法
用于比较句型，中间插入的是形容词或副词的原级。意思是“达到与什么相同的程度”。如：He is as strong as a horse. 他力大如牛。
几个习惯用法：
1. as soon as
引导一个时间状语从句:
I’ll call you as soon as I finish my homework.
我一完成我的作业，就给你打电话。
2. as long as
She has searched the information about dinosaurs on the Internet as long as three hours.
她在因特网上搜索有关恐龙的信息已经长达三个小时。
3. as much as
Some of the stones weigh as much as fifteen tons.有些石头重达15吨。
The same as的用法：
the same as：和……一样。
例如：His dream is the same as mine.他的梦想和我的一样。
the same to：一般用习语：The same to you!（在别人向自己祝福后，用这句话给别人同样的祝福）。
the same with：适合于……。
例如：My thought are also same with Mary.我的想法对Mary也适用。
different from 和 different than 英语和美语中都经常见。
当直接对两人或两物进行比较时，from 是最保险的选择：
My book is different from (not than ) yours.
但different than 的比较对象用一完整的句子表示，特别是在美语用法中，这种用法更能接受：
The campus is different than it was 20 years ago.
校园和二十年前不一样了。
The campus is different from how it was 20 years ago.
校园和二十年前的样子不一样了。

（二）写作练习：如何解决环境污染问题
24 April
Director
Shanghai Environment Bureau
Dear Sir/ Madam
I am writing to inform you about three problems that are causing damage to our environment.
The first problem is an air problem. It occurs on Bird Street. It is caused by a factory building. A lot of unpleasant smoke comes out of the building’s chimney. Its effect is to pollute the area and make everything smell unpleasant.
The secnd problem is a noise problem. It occurs all around our school. There are too many cars and lorries rushing by. When there is a traffic jam, everyone sounds their horns. Its effect is to make it difficult for us to study.
The third problem is a rubbish problem. It occurs on Sandfield Road. It is caused by people giving out leaflets that are thrown on the pavement. Its effect is to make the area untidy and to waste a lot of paper.
I would be grateful if you could let me know what you can do about these problems. I hope that you will take action quickly before the environment is damaged too much.
Thank you.
Yours faithfully
Chen Chen

（三）课外阅读理解练习：污染
Types of pollution
Sources
Influences
Land
Deposit of solid wastes that cannot be broken down quickly or at all
1 Affect the lives of animals and plants
2 Make our environment look very bad
Air
1 Dust storms in deserts
2 The smoke from forest fires
3 Fumes from traffic
4 Factory waste
1 Acid rain
2 Sore eyes
3 Respiratory problems, especially in children and the elderly
Water
1 Acid rain
2 Soil erosion
3 Chemicals, pesticides, factory waste, human sewage
Flooding
My name is Liu Meihua and I am in Grade 9 at Sunrise Junior High School in Shanghai(area). I am writing to you about the types of pollution that can be found in the area around my school.
The first type is air pollution. It comes mainly from factory wastes and the fumes from traffic.
The second type is land pollution. It comes from the deposit of solid wastes.
The third type is water pollution. It comes mainly from acid rain.
One of my suggestions to help reduce pollution is to encourage people to reuse and recycle.
I would be very grateful if you could please make some changes to help protect our environment. Thank you.
Yours sincerely
Liu Meihua (your name)

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、单项填空
（一）
1. They play all kinds of instruments and sing ____.
A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as
2. Tom， ____ Jane and Rose， ____ going to the farm on foot.
A. as long as；is B. as well as；are
C. as long as；are D. as well as；is
3. They travel at full speed by day ____ .
A. and night B. and by night as well as
C. as well at night D. as well as by night
4. Mrs Black writes ____ ，if not better than，her husband.
A. as well as B. so well
C. so well as D. as well
5. We expect her to do the housework as well ____ after the children.
A. as look B. as looking C. and look D. looking
6、She doesn’t speak ____ her friend，but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. as often as C. so much D. as good as
7. Which of the following sentences is right？
A. Both father and as well as mother love me.
B. Father as well as mother loves me.
C. Both father as well as mother loves me.
D. Not only father but also mother love me.
8. You feel ____ you did yesterday，don’t you？
A. as good as B. as well
C. so good D. as well as
9. I’m sure I was right. It is just ____ I didn’t lend him the money.
A. so well B. as well as
C. as well D. the same as

（二）
1. Bob never does his homework_____ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
2. Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.
A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse
3. I feel __ better than yesterday.
A. more B. very C. the D. far
4. China has a large population than __ in the world.
A. all the countries B. every country C. any country D. any other country
5. This book is __ on the subject.
A. the much best B. much the best C. very much best  D. very the best
6. The sick boy is getting __ day by day.
A. worse B. bad C. badly D. worst
7. This necklace looks __ and sells__.
A. well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well
8. Doctor Wang ___ heart operation
A. is interested on B. like doing
C. does well in D. is good at
9. The population of Shandong is__ than that of Sichuan.
A. smaller B. larger C. less D. large
10. I didn’t go shopping yesterday. He didn’t __.
A. so B. either C. too D. neither
11.___ delicious the food is!
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
12. What animal do you like ___?  I like all kinds of animals.
A. better B. best C. very D. well
13. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second__ island in China.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. most large
14. If you want to book a round –trip ticket, you’ll have to pay __ $30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
15. A horse is __ than a dog. 
A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy
16. Which is __ season in Beijing?   I think it’s spring.
A. good B. well C. best D. the best
17. Usually Xiao Li spends __ time doing homework than Xiao Chen does.
A. little B less C. few D. fewer
18. I liked to play football when I was young.  _______.
A. So he was B. So was he C So did he D. So he did

二、用所给词的恰当形式填空。
1. Which is _______ (big), the sun, the moon or the earth?
2. Which is ______ (beautiful), the black coat or the blue one?
3. This mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.
4. He is _______ (strong) in the class.
5. English is ____ (widely) spoken in the world.

试题答案
一、单项填空
（一）1~5 CDDAA 6~9 ABDC
（二）1~5 BDDDB 6~10 ADCBB 11~15 ABCDC. 16~18 DBC

二、用所给词的恰当形式填空
1. the biggest
2. more beautiful
3. the cheapest
4. the strongest
5.the most widely