八年级英语上册 考点剖析+典题精讲Module 3《Journey to Mars》教案 外研版.doc

初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列三点剖析单词典句考点 Earth n.地球【经典例句】 The Earth goes round the sun once a year.地球一年绕太阳一周。【考点聚焦】1)地球、太阳、月亮这些世界上独一无二的事物前要加定冠词the。2)常见搭配:on (the) earth 在地球上;on earth 究竟,到底。如:Who on earth broke the window?究竟是谁打破了窗户?station n. 站【经典例句】 Could you tell me the way to the bus station?请告诉我去汽车站的路好吗?【考点聚焦】 常见搭配:railway station 火车站;subway station 地铁站;space station 太空站;TV station 电视台;radio station 电台;police station 警察局several adj. 几个的,数个的【经典例句】She has several friends in the town.她在城里有几个朋友。【考点聚焦】 同义词组:a few 几个、一些,与several 一样后跟可数名词的复数。【活学活用】1.单句改错I have waited for you for several hour. 答案：hourhoursdiscover v.发现【经典例句】Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。【考点聚焦】1)派生词:discovery n.发现2)同义词辨析:discover/find/find out/look for都有“找”的意思,discover 侧重指新发现特别是科学上的发现;find指找到某人或某物,如:find a book;find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相,如:find out the answer;look for 侧重寻找的过程。【活学活用】2.选择No one has there is life on the Moon.A.found B.discovered C.found outD.looked for答案：Brecently adv. 最近【经典例句】 Have you seen him recently?最近见过他吗?【考点聚焦】1)派生词:recent adj.近来的,如:recent news最近的消息2)recently常用在现在完成时中,如:Bill has recently bought a new car.最近比尔买了辆新车。planet n.行星【经典例句】There are nine planets in the solar system.太阳系有九大行星。【考点聚焦】掌握太阳系有九大行星这一基本知识,并进一步了解九大行星是指Mercury(水星)，Venus(金星)，Earth，Mars(火星)，Jupiter(木星)，Uranus(天王星)，Neptune(海王星)，Pluto(冥王星)【活学活用】3.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词The Earth is a p of the Sun.答案：planetalone adj.孤单的,孤独的【经典例句】 I am not alone in this opinion.不只是我一个人有这种想法。【考点聚焦】 同义词辨析:lonely 孤独的,寂寞的1)alone强调“单独的”这一含义,不带有感情色彩,如:He was alone in the house.他独自一人在家里。lonely包含的感情色彩比较强烈,如:When his wife left him,he was very lonely.妻子离他而去后,他很孤独。2)alone 是表语形容词(放在be动词之后),而lonely既能作表语,又可作定语。3)alone 还可作副词,而lonely仅作形容词,如:She lived alone.她独居。【活学活用】 4.翻译句子她独居,但她并不感到孤独。 答案：She lives alone,but she doesnt feel lonely.beyond prep.在之外【经典例句】It is beyond me.我能力所不及;我不能理解。【考点聚焦】 beyond 是介词,后接代词或名词。cost v.花费【经典例句】The book cost me five dollars.这本书花了我5美元。【考点聚焦】1)cost指花钱,主语必须是物。2)同义词辨析:spend常用于sb.spend some money/some time on sth./doing sth.,某人花钱或花时间做某事,如:I spent ten yuan on the pen.我花10元钱买了这枝笔。 pay常用于sb.pay some money for sth.如:He paid three pounds for a Tshirt.他花3英镑买了一件T恤衫。【活学活用】5.同义句转换He spent 5000 yuan buying the computer.The computer 5000 yuan.答案：cost himprefer v.更喜欢【经典例句】Which of these two dresses do you prefer?这两套衣服你更喜欢哪一套?【考点聚焦】1)过去式、过去分词:preferred,preferred,现在分词:preferring2)同义词组:like better3)常见搭配:prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.(更喜欢做);prefer A to B(喜欢A而不喜欢B);prefer doing to doing(喜欢做而不喜欢做);prefer to do rather than do(宁愿做而不愿做)【活学活用】6.选择I prefer coffee tea.A.thanB.withC.inD.to答案：Deven adv. 甚至【经典例句】Even woods have ears.隔墙有耳。【考点聚焦】even 还有“更加”的意思,修饰比较级,如:Its even colder than yesterday.今天比昨天更冷。【活学活用】7.单句改错He is feeling even bad today. 答案：badworsesecret n. 秘密adj. 秘密的【经典例句】What is the secret of his success?他成功的秘诀是什么?【考点聚焦】1)作形容词:Its a secret plan.Dont tell anyone about it.这是一个秘密计划,不要对任何人讲。2)注意常用搭配：keep a secret 保守秘密;let out a secret 泄漏秘密。【活学活用】8.根据句意及首字母提示完成单词Doing a lot of listening practice is one of the s of becoming a good language learner.答案：secrets短语典句考点 be up to胜任,从事于【经典例句】What in the world are you up to?你到底在搞什么鬼?【考点聚焦】类似搭配:up to.(数目)到之多,如:up to 100 men 可达一百人;up to now 到目前为止;up to date 现代的;最新的on business 因公【经典例句】He went to Paris on business.他因公赴巴黎。【考点聚焦】常见搭配:do business 做生意;out of business 失业,破产;go to business 上班Thats no business of yours.不关你的事。go around 绕着运转【经典例句】The Earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。【考点聚焦】要注意这里的around是介词,相当于round,意思是“环绕”,类似短语还有 sit around the table 围着桌子坐;look around the classroom 环顾教室;walk around the park 在公园里逛一圈。【活学活用】9.同义句改写Eight planets go around the Sun.Eight planets the Sun.答案：go rounda part of 一部分【经典例句】Taiwan is a part of China.台湾是中国领土的一部分。【考点聚焦】要注意part还常作“角色”讲,如:Computers are playing an important part in our lives.电脑在我们的生活中发挥重要作用。句子剖析拓展Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for millions of years.科学家们认为地球上存在生命已有上百万年了。【剖析】1)这是含有宾语从句的复合句。Scientists think是主句,其后是宾语从句。2)从句中使用了there be句型的现在完成时,其结构为:There have/has been.【拓展】由that引导的宾语从句中,that 一词可以省略。People think(that) he has stolen the car.人们认为他偷了车。The Sun and its planets are called the solar systems.太阳和它的行星统称作太阳系。【剖析】这是一个含有被动语态的句子,are called意思是“被叫做”。【拓展】被动语态的结构为:be+动词的过去分词。He is called the father of rice.他被叫做水稻之父。They are a long way away and their light has traveled for many years to reach us.它们离得很远,它们的光到达我们需要很多年。【剖析】1)这是一个由and连接的并列句。2)句中不定式to reach us是表目的的状语。【拓展】away表示距离时,其句型为:主语+be+数词+metres/kilometres+away。The school is two kilometres away from here.学校离这里两千米。Scientists have sent lots of spacecraft to look at other planets in our solar system,and some spacecraft have gone beyond the solar system.科学家们已发射许多太空船来观测太阳系的其他行星,许多飞船已飞到太阳系之外去了。【剖析】1)这是一个由and连接的并列句。2)句中不定式to look at other planets in our solar system用作目的状语。【拓展】不定式作目的状语表示行为的目的。He went to the library to borrow books.他去图书馆借书。With so many stars in the universe,are we alone,or is there life out there in space?宇宙中有这么多恒星,我们是孤独的吗?太空中还有其他生命存在吗?【剖析】1)这个句子实际包含两个一般疑问句,分别是are we alone 和is there life out there in space。2)with so many stars in the universe是介词短语,在句中作状语,表示伴随情况。【拓展】除介词短语表伴随。She is singing aloud in the room,with all the windows open.她在房里大声唱歌，所有窗户大开。语法剖析现在完成时态自述(二)Hi,还记得我吗?我又出现了,今天要告诉大家的是我还可以和许多副词连用来描述最近发生的事。下面看看我的好朋友们是谁吧。标志词含义举例already/yetever已经曾经He has already cleaned his room./Has he cleaned his room yet?I have ever tried Japanese food.(我曾尝过日本餐。)never从未I have never been to Australia.(我从未去过澳大利亚。)just刚刚Linda has just reached Hong Kong.(琳达刚到香港。)before以前He has done such a job before.(他以前做过这种工作。)so far至今So far,our country has successfully sent two manned spacecrafts into space.(至今,我国已成功发送了两艘载人宇宙飞船。)recently最近He has borrowed a Harry Potter recently.(他最近借了本哈利波特。)典题精讲经典题型阅读下面文章,选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。Want to be an astronaut(宇航员)?Then “study hard,stay healthy and have perseverance(毅力)”!This is what Chinese 1 Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng said in Hong Kong last week.Fei,Nie and leading engineers(工程师) of Shenzhou visited Honk Kong from November 27 to 30,2010.They talked 2 primary,secondary and college students.Kids were interested in the astronauts space lives.They asked questions like “Did you see 3 from space?” Fei and Nie said they didnt see the Great Wall.4 they felt exited when they passed over China,including Taiwan.The Taiwan 5 looks very beautiful,like jade(翡翠).Young people wanted to know how the astronauts developed(发展) 6 careers(职业).“How did you decide to be astronauts when Chinas space industry(工业) is still at the beginning?” 7 a young woman.The astronauts said it was because of their love of flight(飞行) and the need of the 8.They said their love of flight could be seen from their childrens names.Nies daughter 9 Nie Tianxiang,which means “flying up high”.Feis son is called “Fei Di”,which sounds like “Feidie”,meaning 10.1.A.teachersB.astronauts C.workersD.engineers2.A.onB.aboutC.withD.up3.A.the Great WallB.Changjiang RiverC.Yellow RiverD.Beijing4.A.ThenB.OrC.AndD.But5.A.islandB.mountC.oceanD.mainland6.A.themB.theyC.theirsD.their7.A.told B.spokeC.askedD.answered8.A.moneyB.nationC.familiesD.bodies9.A.calledB.namedC.namesD.is named10.A.planeB.spaceship C.UFOD.flying planet参考答案： 15 BCADA;610 DCBDC思路解析：此题是有关航天员费俊龙和聂海胜访问香港的一篇报道。第一空填astronauts;他们与香港小学生、中学生和大学生交谈,故第二空填with;第三空解题关键在后一句话说“they didnt see the Great Wall”,所以第三空填the Great Wall;虽然看不到长城,但是在太空中看见中国包括台湾时却非常激动,由此可见此两句话是转折关系,故第四空填but;众所周知,台湾是一个岛屿,故第五空填island;年轻人问他们如何发展他们的事业,此处缺少定语,形容词性物主代词作定语,所以第六空填their;下面的问题是别人问他们在中国航天事业刚刚起步的时候他们是怎样决定当宇航员的,因此第七空填asked;他们回答是出于对航天事业的热爱和国家的需要,故第八空填nation一词;下面说到从两人孩子的名字可以看出他们二人对航天事业的热爱,被叫做,第九空用is named,从费的儿子的名字的谐音可猜出最后一空填UFO。绿色通道：文章摘自新闻,因此多了解新闻时事无疑对做此类题目会大有帮助,另外,学会根据上下文作出选择也至关重要,甚至有些空白处答案就在上文或下文句子当中,如本文第3空答案就在其后面句子中。原创题 根据括号内提示,写出问句或答语:For example,Q:(bought,drinks,yet) Have you bought drinks yet?A:Yes,Ive already bought drinks.1.Q:Have you cleaned out the fridge?A:(no,yet) 2.Q:Have you cleaned up your room?A:(yes,already) 3.Q:(found,your CDs,yet) A:Yes,I found them this morning.4.Q:Have you set up the stereo yet?A:(no,yet) 5.Q:(told,parents,yet) A:Oh,no!I forgot to tell them!参考答案： 1.No,I havent cleaned out the fridge.2.Yes,Ive already cleaned up my room.3.Have you found your CDs yet?4.No,I havent set up the stereo yet.5.Have you told your parents yet?思路解析：本题旨在考查already/yet用于现在完成时,already用于肯定句中,yet用于否定句或疑问句末。绿色通道：熟练掌握already/yet的意义和用法,搞清它们在句中的位置,能够迅速反映出句子所表达的意义。巧学法园地 巧记不规则动词的过去式、过去分词1)AAA型:readreadread,putputput2)AAB型:beatbeatbeaten3)ABA型:comecamecome,runranrun4)ABB型:hearheardheard,makemademade sendsentsent,sellsoldsold findfoundfound,winwonwon5)ABC型:dodiddone,gowentgone seesawseen,eatateeaten; flyflewflown,swimswamswum