有关当前农村动物防疫工作中存在的问题及对策的探析中英文对照.doc

有关当前农村动物防疫工作中存在的问题及对策的探析中英文对照
About the problems existing in the current rural animal epidemic prevention and countermeasures of analysis contrast in both Chinese and English
　　一、当前农村动物防疫工作中存在的问题

A, the problems existing in the current rural animal epidemic prevention

　　1　目前农村基层防疫队伍体系不健全

1 the current rural grassroots epidemic prevention system is not sound

　　基层防疫队伍中的街、镇畜牧兽医站是基层动物防疫的主体，然而多数村级动物防疫队伍出现断层，且大部分的村级防疫人员承担了基础免疫的主要工作，工作较重，以致于组织形式松散，业务技术水平不高，防疫意识不强。另一方面，由于近几年就业机会增多，很多年轻的防疫员外出务工，致使农村基层动物防疫人员呈减少趋势，人员老龄化严重，个别乡村出现有畜（禽）无人防，有病无人治的局面，导致动物疫病频频发生。不按规定保存、发放、使用疫苗，不按免疫程序实施免疫的情况屡见不鲜造成免疫密度低，免疫质量差的不良后果。

Grassroots epidemic prevention teams of street, town, animal husbandry and veterinary station is the main part of the animal epidemic prevention at the grass-roots level, however, most of the village level of animal epidemic prevention teams appear fault, and most of the village level and epidemic prevention assumed the main job of the basic immune, heavy work, so that the organization is loose, and business technology level is not high, and epidemic prevention consciousness is not strong. On the other hand, due to increased employment opportunities in recent years, many young FangYiYuan migrant workers, the rural grassroots animal epidemic prevention workers have decreasing trend, aging serious, individual country there are livestock (poultry) no civil air defense, sick no laws, lead to animal epidemics occurred frequently. Not in accordance with the provisions, storage, distribution and use of vaccines, not according to immune program implementation situation, cause immune density low, poor quality of immune adverse consequences.

　　2　防疫经费投入不足

2 epidemic prevention funding shortage

　　重大动物疫病防控工作是政府行为，也是社会行为，是公共卫生的重要组成部分，其组织实施必须由政府来主导。然而目前大部分街镇财政困难很难保证防疫经费的投入，尤其村级动物防疫员的报酬偏低，以至于达不到较高的防疫密度利较好的防疫效果。另一方面，由于经费不足导致疫苗种类不足，运输、保管条件达不到规定要求，使用无效苗的情况常常发生。另外，对农村重大动物疫病的防控往往只集中在春秋二季进行免疫，由于经费和人力多方面的原因，对新补栏动物的免疫未进行有效监管和及时补免，存在疫情发生的风险。

Major animal disease prevention and control work is a government behavior, and social behavior, is an important part of public health, its implementation must be dominated by the government. Yet most street town financial difficulties, it is difficult to guarantee of epidemic prevention funds input, especially at the animal FangYiYuan pay is low, so that can not meet the higher density of epidemic prevention, epidemic prevention effect is good. , on the other hand, due to lack of funding vaccine type, transportation, storage conditions can not meet the specified requirements, the use of invalid plants often happen. In addition, major animal disease prevention and control in rural areas often only focused on the spring and autumn were immune, two seasons due to funding and manpower all sorts of reasons, did not effectively to fill new bar animal immune regulation and make up, the risk of outbreak.

　　3　养殖户养殖观念落后防疫意识低

3 low idea behind epidemic prevention consciousness of farmers cultivation

　　长期以来，社会对动物防疫的认识处于一个较为低下的层面，尤其农村的广大养殖户对动物疫病发生和传播的危害性认识不够。许多畜禽散养农户认为饲养的畜禽是自己私人财产，打不打防疫、畜禽病死了是自己的事，其他人无权干涉。在这一观念的支配下，养殖户不重视疫病防范，基础免疫工作难以实施，随意抛弃病死畜禽和宰杀食用、出售病死畜的现象比较普遍，影响了动物疫病的整体防控。另一方面，由于农村养殖户防疫观念落后、法治观念缺乏，疫情发生后，隐瞒疫情，阻碍执法现象严重，病死动物尸体不能依法处理，传染源不能得到有效控制，造成了农村动物防疫工作执法困难。

For a long time, the social awareness of animal epidemic prevention in a relatively low level, especially in the rural masses of farmers to the spread of animal epidemics occur and recognization of enough. Many free-range farmers think of livestock and poultry breeding of livestock and poultry is their private property, dozen not dozen epidemic prevention, livestock and poultry illness is to do your own thing, others have no right to interfere. Under the domination to the notion of farmers do not attach importance to the epidemic prevention, the basic immunization work is difficult to implement, to dispose and death of livestock and poultry slaughter and consumption, selling dead livestock phenomenon is common, affecting the overall prevention and control of animal epidemics. Rural farmers, on the other hand, due to the epidemic prevention concepts backward, lack of the rule of law concept, after the outbreak, conceal outbreaks, impede law enforcement is serious, dead dead animals cannot be handled in accordance with the law, source cannot be effectively control, caused the rural animal epidemic prevention law enforcement difficulty.

　　二、对策

Second, the countermeasures

　　1　理顺体制，健全防疫队伍，确保村级防疫人员待遇

1 straighten out the system, improve the epidemic prevention team, ensure the village-level epidemic prevention staff treatment

　　乡村兽医是动物防疫的主力军，动物防疫、检疫和畜牧技术推广任务基本都靠他们完成，总结2006年我国南方各省市猪高热病流行的教训，乡村兽医力量薄弱是主要原因之一。在新形势下，特别是当前各类重大动物疫情的频繁发生对动物防疫工作提出了更高要求，而乡村兽医力量薄弱已成为首要矛盾，如不能尽快解决，将成为我国动物防疫乃至畜牧业发展的瓶颈。一是提高村级动物防疫员待遇以增强村级动物防疫队伍的稳定性。二是不断完善市、乡（镇）、村三级防疫网络，不断将有知识、懂专业、热爱畜牧兽医工作的年青人纳入到动物防疫队伍中来，使村级动物防疫队伍不断壮大、力量不断增强。三是进行人员分流，将从事经营性活动的人员推向市场，从事公益性活动的人员留在畜牧兽医站，只有这样才能保持基层畜牧兽医站组织和队伍的稳定，从而在保障畜牧业发展、防控重大动物疫病、保护人类健康和公共卫生安全中发挥出应有的效能和作用。

Country vet is the main force of animal epidemic prevention, animal epidemic prevention and quarantine and the animal husbandry and technology promotion is basic on their task, summary of swine high fever in China's southern provinces in 2006 lessons, country vet weak is one of the main reasons. Under the new situation, especially the current all kinds of major animal epidemics occur frequently put forward higher requirements for animal epidemic prevention, while rural veterinarians weak power has become the primary contradictions, such as can not be settled as soon as possible, will become the bottleneck of animal epidemic prevention and even the development of animal husbandry in China. One is to improve the village animal FangYiYuan treatment, in order to improve the stability of the village team for animal epidemic prevention. Secondly, perfecting city and township (town) or village level 3 epidemic prevention network, continuously will have the knowledge, understand the professional, love animal husbandry and veterinary work of young people into the animal epidemic prevention team to make the village for animal epidemic prevention team growing, growing strength. Three is to conduct personnel dismissal, the personnel engaged in business activities to market, personnel engaged in public welfare activities in animal husbandry and veterinary station, only in this way can maintain the stability of animal husbandry and veterinary station at the grass-roots level and the team, thus in the protection of animal husbandry development, major animal disease prevention and control, protect human health and public health security in the play the proper function and role.

　　2　加大对相关法律、法规的宣传，明确养殖业主防疫主体责任

2 more in related laws and regulations propaganda, epidemic prevention farming proprietor responsibility

　　动物防疫是一个长期的重要性工作，在宣传上要坚持常抓不懈，并要建立动物防疫责任制。当前要抓好基层领导干部、动物防疫员，特别是养殖业主的《动物防疫法》及相关的配套法规的宣传工作，使广大畜牧养殖者了解动物防疫工作的重要性。宣传科学养殖技术，提高养殖业主的防疫意识，做到养殖大户主动防疫，散养户积极配合防疫，并且树立“防重于治”的观念，加大对违法行为的查处和宣传。营造一个良好的动物防疫氛围。

The importance of animal epidemic prevention is a long-term work, insist on constant attention on propaganda, and to establish a responsibility system for animal epidemic prevention. Current FangYiYuan should pay special attention to the leading cadres at the grass-roots level, animals, especially the producers of the animal quarantine mentioned and related supporting regulations propaganda work, make broad livestock farmers to understand the importance of animal epidemic prevention work. Promote scientific breeding technology, raise awareness of the prevention of producers, breeding a large active prevention, free-range, actively cooperate with and epidemic prevention, and set up the idea of "prevention is better than treatment", increase the punishment for violations of the law and the publicity. Build a good atmosphere for animal epidemic prevention.

　　3　加强疫病监测和流行病学调查工作

3 to strengthen disease surveillance and epidemiological investigation

　　要加强市、县两级动物疫病预防控制机构建设，特别是要加强动物疫病监测和流行病学调查能力建设和经费保障。各级动物疫病预防控制机构要常年开展动物疫病监测和流行病学调查工作，对本地的动物疫情动态进行预警，制定适合本地具体情况的动物疫病防控措施和免疫程序，使动物疫病防控工作做到有的放矢；要对动物疫病防疫效果进行监测评估，对未达到要求的要及时查找原因，进行补免，使动物疫病防控真正产生实效。

To strengthen the city and county levels of animal epidemic prevention and control institution construction, especially to strengthen animal disease surveillance and epidemiological investigation ability construction and funds guarantee. Animal disease prevention and control institutions at all levels will work all the year round to animal disease surveillance and epidemiological investigations, animal epidemic dynamic of local early warning, make the animal disease prevention and control measures suitable for local situation and immunization program, make the animal disease prevention and control work to dispose; For animal disease prevention effect of monitoring and evaluation, to timely find the reasons to did not reach requirement, free up, make the real effect of the animal disease prevention and control.

　　4　搞好动物检疫，抓好以检促防

4 do well animal quarantine, pays special attention to in order to promote prevention

　　对农村畜禽散养户，实行仔猪阉割前后给仔猪、母猪注射猪瘟、口蹄疫和高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗，佩戴免疫耳标，填发免疫证明，建立免疫档案；春、秋两季对猪、牛、羊各注射一次口蹄疫疫苗，对家禽注射禽流感、鸡新城疫疫苗，对种公猪注射猪瘟、口蹄疫疫苗。围绕“三个结合”搞好产地检疫。一是产地检疫与防疫的结合，在对畜禽进行临床健康检查时，查看免疫标识，回收免疫证明。未免疫的动物由防疫员进行补免，两周后重检合格方可出具产地检疫证明；二是产地检疫与屠宰检疫的结合，凡进入屠宰场的动物必须查验或回收产地检疫证明；三是产地检疫与运输监督相结合，凡是调出县境外的动物，必须凭动物产地检疫合格证明才能换取《出县境动物检疫合格证明》和运载工具消毒证明。

Livestock herding households in rural areas, carry out piglets castrated piglets, pigs before and after injection of pig disease, foot-and-mouth disease and highly pathogenic blue-ear disease vaccine, wearing the immune ear tag, through a immune prove to establish immune archives; Spring and autumn season two of pigs, cattle, sheep, each a foot and mouth disease vaccine, to poultry, Newcastle disease, avian flu vaccine, to kind of boar pig disease, foot and mouth disease vaccine injections. Around the "three combination" do a good job in origin quarantine. One is the origin of the combination of quarantine and epidemic prevention, clinical health check on livestock and poultry, view the immune identification, recycling immune to prove. Not immune animals by FangYiYuan fill from, two weeks after inspection qualified can issue a quarantine certificate of origin; 2 is the combination of quarantine and slaughter quarantine of origin, and all that into the slaughterhouse animals must examine or recycling of the quarantine certificate of origin; Three is combined origin quarantine and transportation supervision, who bring up the county outside the animal, must by the animal quarantine certificate of origin to exchange for "thereof out animal quarantine qualification certificate and proof of vehicle disinfection.

　　5　加强防疫监督管理，健全动物疫病防控长效机制

5 strengthen epidemic prevention supervision and management, improve the long-term mechanism of the animal disease prevention and control

　　各级畜牧兽医主管部门要强化防疫前的技术培训、防疫中的督促指导和防疫后的检查考核，每年春秋防疫前要有计划地聘请专家对乡村动物防疫员进行培训，让他们掌握提高畜禽免疫接种效果的方法，如疫苗保存、使用剂量、注射方法、注意事项以及疫情的发展动态等，提高村级动物防疫员素质。要严格按照合同监督动物防疫员的防疫质量和防疫密度，增强动物防疫员的责任感和积极性。畜牧兽医主管部门要研究动物疫病防控中的新问题和新动向，给各级政府当好参谋，建立健全动物疫病防控长效机制，确保畜牧业的健康发展。

Animal husbandry and veterinary departments at all levels to strengthen the technical training, epidemic prevention in front of the epidemic prevention, urged guidance and prevention after the assessment, a year before the spring and autumn period and the epidemic prevention plan to hire experts to train rural animal FangYiYuan, let them master the methods of raising livestock and poultry vaccination effect, such as save, the dose of vaccine, way of injection, matters needing attention and the evolution of the epidemic dynamics, etc., improve the quality of the village-level animal FangYiYuan. To quality supervision FangYiYuan animal epidemic prevention in strict accordance with the contract and epidemic prevention density, increase animal FangYiYuan sense of responsibility and motivation. Animal husbandry and veterinary departments to study new problems and new trends in the animal disease prevention and control, to all levels of government to be a good staff, establish a sound long-term mechanism of the animal disease prevention and control, to ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry.