二新古典主义时期.doc

一：新古典主义时期界定:The Neoclassical period is a period in English literature between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordswoth and Coleridge in 1798.
二：政治经济背景:Of the great political and social events there were the Restoration of King Charles Ⅱin 1660 ,the Great Plague of 1665 ,the Glorious Revolution in 1689 .England practiced the Acts of Enclosure .Middle of the 18th,the first powerful capitalist country ,“the work-shop of the world”,they believed in self-restraint ,self-reliance and hard-work .
三：此时期文学艺术特色:创作规则:(Alexander Pope ,John Dryden ,Samuel Johnson ):Prose should be precise ,direct ,smooth and flexible .Poetry should be lyrical ,epical ,didactic ,satiric or dramatic ,and each class should be guided by its own principles .Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets the three unities of time ,space and action should be strictly observed ;regularity in construction should be adhered to ,and type characters rather than individuals should be represented .
四:启蒙运动影响：the Age of Enlightenment(18th-century) : The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time .Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas .提倡order ,reason and rules ,advocated universal education .
五:英国现代小说:起于18世纪中叶.Contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats ,the modern English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people .
六：重要作家：
①Daniel Defoe 笛福重要作品:著名代表作 :《Robinson Crusoe》.艺术特色:He had a gift for organizing minute details in such vivid way that his histories could be both credible and fascinating .语句时而short ,crisp and plain ,有时long and rambling ,which leave an the reader an impression of casual narration .His language is smooth ,easy ,colloquial and mostly vernacular .《Robinson Crusoe》解析:In Robinson Crusoe ,Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a navie and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man ,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life .Robinson is a real hero :a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man ,with a great capacity for work ,inexhaustible energy ,courage ,patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles ,in struggling against the hostile natural environment .He is the very prototype of the empire builder ,the pioneer colonist .
②Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特:主要作品:《A Tale of a Tub》,《The Battle of the Book》最佳小说作品:《Gulliver's Travels》解析:共四卷:Each about one particular voyage during which Gulliver has extraordinary adventures on some remote island after he has met with shipwreck or piracy or some other misfortune .contributing to the central concern of study of human nature and life .其社会讽刺:The book Gulliver's Travels is one of the most effective and devastating criticism and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life --socially ,politically ,religious ,philosophically ,scientifically ,and morally .《A Modest Proposal》is generally taken as a perfect satire model .
③Henry Fielding菲尔丁的语言风格:誉为“Father of the English Novel”.The first to set out ,both in theory and practice ,to write specifically a “comic epic in prose”,the fire to give the modern novel its structure and style ,he adropted “the third-per-son”narration ,so“all-knowing God”.His language is easy ,unlaboured and familiar ,but extremely vivid and vigorous .His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm ,and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending .His works are also noted for lively ,dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspence ,coincidence and unexpectedness .《The History of Tom Jones 》《汤姆琼斯》主题意义:The full name is The History of Tom Jones ,a Foundling is a masterpiece on the subject of human nature .Tom ,the titular hero of the story ,is a boy found in Mr. Allworthy's house and brought up here with the kind old man's nephew Bilifil .The latter ,a hypocritical ,wicked man ,is envious of Mr. Allworthy's fondness for the foundling and of Tom's intimacy with the beautiful Sophia ,daughter of the well-off squire Western .He plays some tricks so that Mr. Allworthy drives Tom out of the house .Tom ,intending to go to sea ,wrongly takes the road to london ,and Sophia ,in rebellion against her father's desire that she be married to Bilifil ,marches out for London too ,accompanied by her maid .The two young people ,especially Tom ,have many adventures on the road ,but in the end ,after some misunderstanding between them ,they are happily united .Generally cosidered Fielding 's masterpiece ,it brings its author the name of the“Prose Homer ”.By this ,Fielding has indeed achieved his goal of writing a “comic epic in prose”.