名师导学导练精析精解专题三：阅读理解——生活哲理类.doc

生活哲理类
[考题11]（MNET典型例题 )
Olaf Stapledon wrote a book called First and Last Men, in which he looked millions of years ahead. He told of different men and of strange civilizations, broken up by long "dark ages" in between. Inhis view, what is called the present time is no more than a moment in human histo ry and we are just the First Men. In 典型例题llion years from now there will be the Eighteenth or last Men.
However, most of our ideas about the future are really very short-sighted. Perhaps we can see some possibilities for the next fifty years. But the next hundred? The next thousand? The next million? That's much more difficult.
When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life? Yet to men of 50,000 years from now, we may seem as primitive (原始的) in our ideas as the Stone-Age hunters do to us. Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundels, or struggling with their ballalators through the cribe. These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for things and ideas that we simply can't think of.
So why bother even to try imagining life far in the future? Here are two reasons. First, unless we remember how short our own [ives are compared with the whole human history, we are likely to think our own interests are much more important than they really are. If we make the earth a poor place to live on because we are careless or greedy or quarrelsome, our grandchildren will not bother to think of excuses for us.
Second, by trying to escape from present interests and imagine life far in the future, we may arrive at quite fresh ideas that we can use ourselves. For example, if we imagine that in the future men may give up farming, we can think of trying it now. So ,set your imagination free when you think about the future.
1. A particular mention made of Stapledon's book in the opening paragraph .
A. serves as a description of human history
B. serves as an introduction to the discussion
C. shows a disagreement of views
D. shows the popularity of the book
2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years ago and 50,000 years from now in order to show that .
A. human history is extremely long
B. life has changed a great deal
C. it is useless to plan for the next 50 years
D. it is difficult to tell what will happen in the future
3. "Spundels" and "ballalators" are used in the text to refer to .
A. tools used in farming B. ideas about modern life
C. unknown things in the future D. hunting skills in the Stone Age
4. According to the writer of the text, imagining the future will
A. serve the interests of the present and future generations
B. enable us to better understand human history
C. help us to improve farming
D. make life worth living
[解析]
这是一篇介绍Olaf Stapledon的专著《最初的和最后的人类》的文章。
1．B．这是一道对这篇短文的作用进行探讨的题目。可用排除法解题。先排除A，因为这篇短文并非是对人类历史进行描述；再排除C，因为作者在此文章中并非是对不同观点的否定；最后排除D，因为作者并非要说明这本书的普遍意义。至于B项，正好符合这本书引导人们讨论的意图。
2．D．这是一道逻辑推理题。文中提及50，000年前，处于狩猎时代的人们不可能勾勒出现代生活的画卷；也许我们将来会被认为是我们所认为的原始人，正如石器时代的狩猎者和我们相比一样。可知要预测较为遥远的未来是一件困难的事情。
3．C．这是一道通过上下文猜测词义的题目。从上下文可知，这边四个词汇是作者杜撰的，用以形象地表示祝贺10，000年后未知的事物和行为。
4．A．这是一道逻辑推理题。文中提及现在即开始想像，是基于两点理由：人生是有限的；我们可能得到我们没有得到的新颖的见解。文中还提及如果我们因粗心大意和贪得无厌而把地球弄得一塌糊涂而不能居住，我们的子孙们就不难找到迁怒于我们的理由。
[考题 2] (典型例题海, B)
Martha had been working for Miller Laboratories for two years, but she was not happy there. Nothing significant had happened in the way of promotions or salary increases. Martha felt that her supervisor, a younger and less experienced person than she, did not like her. In fact, the supervisor often said unpleasant things to her.
One day, while talking with her friend Maria, she mentioned how discouraged she was. Maria gave her the name of a cousin of hers who was director of Human Resources Department for a large chemical company. Martha called him the next day and set up an interview on her lunch hour.
During the interview Mr Petri said, "You're just the kind of person we need here. You're being wasted in your other job. Give me a call in a day or two. I'm sure we can find a place for you in our organization." Martha was so happy she almost danced out of the building.
That afternoon, Ruth Kenny, her supervisor, saw that Martha had come in ten minutes late from her lunch hour and she said, "Oh, so you finally decided to come back to work today?"
This was the last straw. She could not take another insult. Besides, Mr Petri was right, she was being wasted in this job.
"Look", she .said angrily, "If you don't like the way I work, I don't need to stay here. I'll go where I'm appreciated! Good-bye!" She took up her things and stormed out of the office.
That night she called Maria and told her what had happened and then asked Maria. "What do you think?"
"Well," said Maria carefully."Are you sure about the other job?"
"Well, not exactly, but..."
Maria continued, "Will you be able to get a recommendation from Mr Kenny if you need one?"
"A recommendation? from Mr Kenny?" hesitated Martha, in a worried tone.
"Martha, I hope you didn't burn your bridges." Maria said. "I think 1 would have handled it differently."
1. Martha is unhappy in her job because .
A. she has not advanced
B. the work is not significant
C. her supervisor is younger than she
D. there is too much work with little payment
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. At her supervisor's criticism, Martha lost her temper.
B. Mr Petri felt Martha was not valued in her present job.
C. Martha's interview with the director was on her lunch hour.
D. Martha got the name of the director through her cousin.
3. The phrase "the last straw" in the middle of the passage probably refers to .
A. the last opportunity B. the straw that saves Martha's life
C. the last reminder D. the final unpleasant thing
4. What does Maria think of Martha's decision?
A. Martha has handled the matter properly.
B. Martha shouldn't have set the bridge on fire.
C. Martha should have found a new job before leaving.
D. Martha shouldn't have lost her temper with her supervisor.
[解析]
1．A．根据一段第二句话可知。
2．D．从第二段可知，Martha是通过Maria知道了Maria那当部长的表兄的名字。
3．D．根据上下文判断，她再也不能忍受再一次的污辱了，说明the last straw表示不愉快的事情。
4．C．从文章最后Maria的话语可以判断，她认为Martha有点草率，断了自己的退路。
[考题3](NMET 典型例题)
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for "sport". Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly. Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led along way away by their gunning parents. They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and guncarrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins (血管). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill.In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate (刺激) a desire to own a gun. Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wildland habitat (栖息地). Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn't seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone. Although most people do not shoot they seem to forgive shooting forsport because they know little or nothing about it. The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sport shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to life as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures. The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an ani- mal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy. If, as they would have you believe, gun-carrying and killing improve human-character, then perhaps we should encour- age war.
1. According to the text, most people do not seem to be against hunting because .
A. they have little knowledge of it
B. it helps to build human character
C. it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D. they want to keep wildlife under control
2. The underlined word "agony" in the last paragraph probably means .
A. form B. condition C. pain D. sadness
3. According to the text, the films children watch at school actually .
A. teach them how to deal with guns safely
B. praise hunting as character-building
C. describe hunting as an exercise
D. encourage them to have guns of their own
4. It can be inferred from the text that the author seems to
A. blame the majority of people
B. worry about the existence of wildlife
C. be in favour of war
D. be in support of character-building
D．be in support Of character-building
[解析]
1．A．从Para 3中．．．because they know little or nothing about“可知。
2．C．划线词的后面谈及dying；“经历”的是死亡的痛苦，form“形式”，condition“条件，状况”不符句意；sadness与made nobody happy意思重复，不可能为正确答案。
3．D．从Para2中In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them．．．to own a gun．可以确定答案D为正确答案。
4．R．本题为综合判断题，纵观全文可以得出正确结论。
[考题4](典型例题春季)
Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa's government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move.
Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the number of visi- tors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication.
When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
1. The examples in Paragraph 2 are used to tell the readers that .
A. people have been allowed to travel freely within the country
B. people have not been permitted to travel freely for various reasons
C. travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas
D. customs posts are necessary at the borders of the countries
2. Some governments limit the freedom of communication because .
A. they intend to keep their national secrets unknown to others
B. they think such freedom will lead to wars
C. they often disagree with each other on important matters
D. they want to show their authority over communication
3. We may learn from the passage that .
A. people do not care about the removal of barriers between countries
B. people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves
C. man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural ones
D. barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist
4. Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Barriers Made by People
B. Functions of Cormnunication
C. Restrictions on Transportation
D. Progress of Human Society
[解析]
短文介绍了存在于各个国家和区域之间的各种沟通障碍，有天然的，但更多是人为的。先进的科技手段可以帮助人们克服天然障碍，但是却无法逾越人为障碍。
1．H．根据该段首句Countries set up customs posts at their borders．以及下文的介绍可以分析出答案。
2．A．根据第三段最后一句Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret．以及上文内容可以分析出答案。
3．C．根据短文最后一段中Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily．The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome．可以确定此题的答案。
4．A．综合全文信息可以知道短文侧重表达了人造的沟通障碍。