1、单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时,现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成,并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。,结构,:助动词,have/has+,动词的过去分词,用法,:,1.,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如,:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice,等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如,these days,today,this year,so far,等连用。,eg.I,have,already,posted,the letter.(,信
2、已经不在我这儿了,),2.,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即,for+,时间段,,since+,时间点,/,从句,,in the last ten years,等,谓语只可用延续性动词。,英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词,(,也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词,),,如,begin,start,die,buy,leave,come,等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,,f
3、or+,时间段,since+,时间点,/,从句连用,也不能用在,how long,引导的特殊疑问句中。,eg.I,ve left,Shanghai for three days.(),I,ve been away from,Shanghai for three days.().,I left Shanghai three days ago.(),It is/has been three days since I left Shanghai.(),初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有,:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become,等。终止
4、性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:,将时间状语改为时间段,+ago,,句中谓语动词用一般过去时。,eg.My brother,joined,the army two years ago.,我弟弟参军两年了。,若保留,for+,时间段,,since+,时间点,/,从句,或用在,how long,句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。,常见终止性动词与延续性动词,(,或状态动词,),的对应关系如下:,come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-,be in,/at open-,-be open,die-,be dead,close-,-be closed,beco
5、me-,be,borrow-,keep,begin/start-,-be on,put on-,wear,leave-,be away(from,)buy-,have,fall asleep-,-be asleep,end/finish-,be over,catch a cold-,-have a cold,join the army-,-be in the army,be a soldier,join the Party-,-be in the Party,be a Party member,My brother,has been in,the army for two years.,My
6、brother,has been,a soldier for two years.,现在完成时中,been to,gone to,和,been in/at been to,去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和,once,twice,already,ever,never,等连用。,eg.She has,been to,Shanghai twice.(,表示目前人在这里,),gone to,去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。,eg.She has,gone to,Shanghai.(,表示现在她人不在这里,),been in/at,逗留在某地,(,已经一段时间,).,常和,
7、for ten days,since I came here,等连用。,eg.She has,been in,Shanghai since she moved there.,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别,现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语,yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night,等连用。,一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系。,现在完成时中的,for,与,since,for+,时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用,since+,时间点,/,从句,I ha
8、ve kept the library book,for a week.,=I have kept the library book,since a,week ago.,It is/has been+,一段时间,+since,从句,.,自从某事发生已有一段时间了,.,eg.It is/has been two years since my brother joined the army.,注意,:,1)since,引导的从句中动词用过去时,2)when,引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用,.,3)have got,has got,虽然是现在完成时,但,have got=have has got
9、has,练习题,:,1.Its a long time since we _(meet)last,isnt it?,2.-I know you _(choose)a picture book among these.,-Yes,Have a look at it,please.,3.So far,spaceships without people _(reach)the moon and some other parts of the universe.,4.My father_ home for nearly three weeks.A.has gone away from B.has l
10、eftC.has been away from D.went away,5.Mr.and Mrs.Green have_in China for a week.A.been B.got C.arrived D.reached,6.-Wheres Mary?-Oh,she _the library.A.has gone to B.went to,C.has been to D.had gone to,7.Im not,feeling,well,.Ive,caught,a cold,for,three days.A B C D,8.Tom,has caught,a bad cold,for days,and he has,A B,stayed,in bed,since,last Saturday.C D,






